Neraca Massa

Kapasitas Produksi 35000 ton/tahun

Jumlah hari kerja dalam 1 tahun 330 hari
Jumlah jamkerja dalam 1 hari 24 jam

Maka jumlah produksi dalam 1 jam 4419.1919 kg/jam

Rotary Dryer
18 Komponen

17 19 C6H5COOH
H2O
Total
Diingikan produk yang keluar dari rotary dryer dengan
Neraca massa total 4419.1919 kg/jam
Komposisi : C6H5COOH : 4410.3535 kg/jam
36.1140 kmol/jam
H2O : 8.8384 kg/jam
0.4910 kmol/jam

Kemurnian : C6H5COOH 99.80%

H2O 0.20%

Neraca massa total : Neraca masuk = neraca massa keluar

F17 = F18 + F19

Diasumsikan efisiensi alat = 95%

jadi masih terdapat 5% air yang terikut pada produk utama
Neraca massa komponen
* H2O F19 = (1-0,9) * F17
F17= 176.7677 kg/jam
F18= 167.9293 kg/jam

* C6H5COOH =diasumsikan bahwa tidak ada asam benzoat yang teruapkan

F17 = F19
F17 = 4410.3535 kg/jam
Rotary Drum Vacum Filter
15

14 17

16

NM total
F14 + F15 = F16 + F17

Komposisi bahan keluar Masuk

C6H5COOH 4410.3535 kg/jam 90.1781% C6H5COOH
H2O 176.7677 kg/jam 9.8194% Mother Liquor
0.0025% C6H5CHO
F17 = 4587.1212 kg/jam

NM komponen
C6H5COOH Mother Liquor
F17 = F14 4410.3535 kg/jam F15 0
F15 0 kg/jam F17 0
F16 0 kg/jam F16 480.2388
F14 480.2388
H2O
Air pencuci yang digunakan 100% dari solid C6H5CHO
F15 4410.3535 kg/jam F14 0.1223
F14 8.8384 kg/jam F15 0
F17 176.7677 kg/jam F16 0.1223
F16 4233.5859 kg/jam F17 0

Crystalizer

13 14
14a
Spesifikasi Produk dan Bahan Baku
Senyawa BM
C7H8 92.14 kg/kmol
C6H5COOH 122.123 kg/kmol
C6H5CHO 106.124 kg/kmol
O2 32 kg/kmol
N2 28.01 kg/kmol
H2O 18 kg/kmol
C4H14CoH8 249.08 kg/kmol

Arus Masuk Arus Keluar

BM Arus 17 Arus 18 Arus 19
F N F N F N
122.123 4410.3535 36.1140 0.0000 0.0000 4410.3535 36.1140
18 176.7677 9.8204 167.9293 9.3294 8.8384 0.4910
4587.1212 45.9345 167.9293 9.3294 4419.1919 36.6051
4587.1212 45.9345 4587.1212 45.9345
 Arus Masuk Arus Keluar
Komponen BM Arus 14 Arus 15 Arus 16
F N F N F N
C6H5COOH 122.1230 4410.3535 36.1140 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Mother Liquor 122.1230 480.2388 3.9324 0.0000 0.0000 480.2388 3.9324
C6H5CHO 106.1240 0.1223 0.0012 0.0000 0.0000 0.1223 0.0012
H2O 18.0000 8.8384 0.4910 4410.3535 245.0196 4233.5859 235.1992
4899.5530 40.5386 4410.3535 245.0196 4713.9470 239.1328
Total
9309.9066 285.5583 9309.9066

kg/jam
kg/jam
kg/jam
kg/jam

kg/jam
kg/jam
kg/jam
kg/jam
Arus Keluar
Arus 17
F N
4410.3535 36.1140
8.8384 0.4910
0.0000 0.0000
176.7677 9.8204
4595.9596 46.4255
285.5583
Neraca Massa
Kapasitas Produksi 35000 ton/tahun
Jumlah hari kerja dalam 1 tahun 330 hari
Jumlah jamkerja dalam 1 hari 24 jam

Maka jumlah produksi dalam 1 jam 4419.1919 kg/jam

DRUM DRYER
34a

34 37

Diingikan produk yang keluar dari rotary dryer dengan

Neraca massa total 4419.1919 kg/jam
Komposisi : C6H5COOH : 4410.3535 kg/jam
36.1140 kmol/jam
H2O :8.8384 kg/jam
0.4910 kmol/jam

Kemurnian : C6H5COOH 99.80%

H2O 0.20%

Neraca massa total : Neraca masuk = neraca massa keluar

F17 = F18 + F19

Diasumsikan efisiensi 90%

alat
Neraca massa komponen
* H2O F19 = (1-0,9) * F17
F17= 88.3838 kg/jam
F18= 79.5455 kg/jam

* C6H5COOH = diasumsikan bahwa tidak ada asam benzoat yang teruapkan

F17 = F19
F17 = 4410.3535 kg/jam
CRYSTALLIZER 26a

28 34

F = Feed
M = Mother Liquor
C = Kristal

NM total: F=M+C+W
Asumsi: tidak ada Asben dan air yang hilang, W = 0

NM Komponen Asumsi
Alur 28 F26a (air)
Asumsi 98% kristal yang terbentuk
0,98F= 4410.3535 kg/jam Komposisi Mother Liquor
F 4500.36075 kg/jam F26a (air)
M 90.0072 kg/jam F26a (asben)
C 4410.3535 kg/jam
Feed yang masuk kedalam Crystallizer
F28 = F26a + F34
F28 (Asben)
F28 (Air)

26
MIXER 02

25
28

Alur 28 Alur 26
F28(Asben) 4500.3608 kg/jam F26(Air) 900.0722
F28(Air) 988.4560 kg/jam
F28 5488.8167 kg/jam

Alur 25
F25(Asben) 4500.3608 kg/jam
F25(Air) 88.3838 kg/jam

MENARA DISTILASI 01 27
 19

25

Komposisi Bottom F25 % NM Total

C6H5COOH 4500.3608 kg/jam 88.2422% F=D+B
36.8510 kmol/jam F.Xf = D.Xd + B.Xb
H2O 88.3838 kg/jam 11.7578% F.0,5802= (F-41,7613)*0,0056 + 41,7613
4.9102 kmol/jam F*0,5802=
Total 4588.7446 kg/jam -5.8825
41.7613 kmol/jam

Alur 19 (Feed)
Z25 (Asben) 0.98073899 Total : 62.6419
Z25(Air) 0.01926101 Asben 41.0931
1 Benzil Alk 13.7624
Benzaldehy 6.8593
Air 0.9271
Dari us patent
N25/N19 2/3 Alur 25 (Bottom)
Total : 41.7613
Komposis Alur 19 Asben 36.8510
X Asam Benzoat 65.6000% Benzil Alk 0.0000
X Benzil Alkohol 21.9700% Benzaldehy 0.0000
X Benzaldehid 10.9500% Air 4.9102
X Air 1.4800%
Alur 27 (Distilat)
Neraca Massa Total Total : 20.8806
F=D+B Asben 4.2420
N25 = 41.7613 kmol/jam Benzil Alk 13.7624
N19 = 62.6419 kmol/jam Benzaldehy 6.8593
N27 = 20.8806 kmol/jam Air -3.9831

KONDENSOR 01

Tekanan uap (Reklaitis, 1983)

P= tekanan (mmhg)
A,B,C = konstanta antoine
T= temperature (K)
 Konstanta Antoine
Komponen A B C
Toluene 16.0137 3096.52 -53.67
Asam Benzoat 17.1634 4190.7 -125.2
Benzil Alkohol 17.4582 4384.81 -73.15
Benzaldehid 16.3501 3748.62 -66.12
H2O 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13
(Coulson & Richardson , 1990)

Menentukan Kondisi Umpan

P= 2.5 psia 129.287 mmHg (Us Patent)
T= 421.6244 K 148.62442 C
syarat ∑Ki.XiF= 1
Tabel Feed Bubble Point
Komponen XiF Pi (mmHg) Ki XiF*Ki
Asam Benzoat 0.6560 20.6126 0.1594 0.1046 1.0000
Benzil Alkohol 0.2197 131.0168 1.0134 0.2226 6.3562
Benzaldehid 0.1095 332.1511 2.5691 0.2813 16.1140
H2O 0.0148 3428.3255 26.5172 0.3925 166.3221
Total 1.0000 3912.1059 30.2591 1.0010
Maka suhu umpan F 421.6244 K

Menentukan kondisi operasi atas (kondensor total)

P= 2.5 psia 129.287 mmHg (Us Patent)
T= 457.4833 K 184.48326 C
syarat ∑YiD/Ki = 1

Tabel Dew Point Destilat

Komponen YiD Pi (mmHg) Ki YiD/Ki
Asam Benzoat 0.2032 4211.1962 32.5725 0.0062 1.0000
Benzil Alkohol 0.6591 94.7811 0.7331 0.8991 0.0225
Benzaldehid 0.3285 423.8269 3.2782 0.1002 0.1006
H2O -0.1908 872.8252 6.7511 -0.0283 0.2073
Total 1.0000 5602.6294 43.3348 0.9772
Maka suhu Distilat adalah 457.4833 K

Menentukan Kondisi Operasi bottom (reboiler)

P= 2.5 psia 129.287 mmHg (Us Patent)
T= 331.7883 K 58.788339 C
syarat ∑XiB.Ki= 1

Tabel Bubble Point Bottom

Komponen XiB Pi (mmHg) Ki XiB*Ki
Asam Benzoat 0.8824 131.6146 1.0180 0.8983
H2O 0.1176 0.0441 0.0007 0.0001
Total 1.0000 131.6587 1.0188 0.8984
Maka suhu Bottom adalah 331.7883 K
Relative Volatilitas rata-rata (αavg)
α = Ki/Khk

(Coulson,1985)

HK C6H5COOH

Komponen α top α bottom α avg

Asam Benzoat 1.0000 1.0000 0.5000
Benzil Alkohol 0.0225 6.3562 0.0715
Benzaldehid 0.1006 16.1140 0.8109
H2O 0.2073 166.3221 17.2362
Total 1.3304 189.7923 18.6186

Menentukan Reflux Minimum

(Coulson,1985)

Umpan dimasukkan dengan fraksi uap (f) = 0.1023

q = 1-f
q= 0.8977

ϴtrial 0.7691
Komponen αavg Xi,F αavg * Xi,F αi*Xi,F/(αi - ϴ)
Asam Benzoat 0.5000 0.6560 0.3280 -1.2190
Benzil Alkohol 0.0715 0.2197 0.0157 -0.0225
Benzaldehid 0.8109 0.1095 0.0888 2.1237
H2O 17.2362 0.0148 0.2551 0.0155
Total 18.6186 1.0000 0.6876 0.8977

Hasil Perhitungan Rm
Komponen αavg Yi,D αavg * Xi,D αi*Xi,D/(αi - ϴ)
Asam Benzoat 0.5000 0.2032 0.1016 -0.3775
Benzil Alkohol 0.0715 0.6591 0.0471 -0.0676
Benzaldehid 0.8109 0.3285 0.2664 6.3712
H2O 17.2362 -0.1908 -3.2879 -0.1997
Total 18.6186 1.0000 -2.8728 5.7264

Maka

5.7264 = Rm + 1
Rm = 4.7264
R operasi berkisar antara 1,2 - 1,5 Rm (Geankoplis, 1993)
Dipilih Rop = 1.3
 Rop = 6.1443
Ld 128.2971 kmol/jam
Vd 149.1777 kmol/jam

Komposisi : Alur 20 (Vd)

Alur 27 (D) Total : N20 = N23 + N27
AsBen 20.3156% Total = 149.1777
BenzAl 65.9100% AsBen 30.3064
Benzaldhyd 32.8500% BenzAl 98.3230
H2O -19.0756% Benzaldhyd 49.0049
H2O -28.4566

REBOILER 01
Vd = Vb + (1-q)F (Mc.Cabe, 1997)
149.1777 = Vb + 4.3121426
Vb = 144.8656 kmol/jam

Lb = Vb + B
Lb = 186.6268 kmol/jam

Komposisi
Asam Benzoat X25 =XVb = XLb 0.8824
Air X25 =XVb = XLb 0.1176

Alur 21 (Lb)
Total : N21 186.6268 kmol/jam
Asam Benzoat 164.6836 kmol/jam
Air 21.9432 kmol/jam

Alur 24 (Vb)
Total : N24 144.8656 kmol/jam
Asam Benzoat 127.8325 kmol/jam
Air 17.0330 kmol/jam
 Spesifikasi Produk dan Bahan Baku
Senyawa BM
C7H8 92.14 kg/kmol
C6H5COOH 122.123 kg/kmol
C6H5CHO 106.124 kg/kmol
O2 32 kg/kmol
N2 28.01 kg/kmol
H2O 18 kg/kmol
C4H14CoH8 249.08 kg/kmol
C6H5CH2 108.12 kg/kmol

Arus Masuk Arus Keluar

Komponen BM Arus 34 Arus 34a Arus 37
F N F N F
C6H5COOH 122.123 4410.3535 36.1140 0.0000 0.0000 4410.3535
H2O 18 88.3838 4.9102 79.5455 4.4192 8.8384
4498.7374 41.0242 79.5455 4.4192 4419.1919
Total
4498.7374 41.0242 4498.7374 41.0242
 Arus Masuk Arus Keluar
Komponen BM Arus 28 Arus 26a
F N F
C6H5COOH 122.123 4500.3608 36.8510 0.0000
C6H5COOH (kris 122.123 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Mother Liquor 122.123 0.0000 0.0000 90.0072
H2O 18 988.4560 54.9142 900.0722
990.0794
Total
5488.8167 91.7653 5488.8167

90% Komposisi air dalam Mother Liquor

900.0722 kg/jam

omposisi Mother Liquor

900.0722 kg/jam
90.0072 kg/jam

eed yang masuk kedalam Crystallizer

28 = F26a + F34
4500.3608 kg/jam
988.4560 kg/jam

Arus Masuk
Komponen BM Arus 25 Arus 26
F N F
C6H5COOH 122.123 4500.3608 36.8510 0.0000
H2O 18 88.3838 4.9102 900.0722
4588.7446 41.7613 900.0722
Total
5488.8167 91.7653
kg/jam

Arus Masuk Arus Keluar

Komponen Arus 19 Arus 27
BM
 Komponen
BM F N F N
C6H5COOH 122.123 5018.4106 41.0931 518.0498 4.2420
C6H5CHO 106.124 727.9350 6.8593 727.9350 6.8593
C6H5CH2 108.12 1487.9933 13.7624 1487.9933 13.7624
H2O 18 16.6878 0.9271 -71.6960 -3.9831
2662.2821 20.8806
Total
7251.0267 62.6419 7251.0267

F 42.1519
D = F- B D 0.3907
.Xf = D.Xd + B.Xb B 41.7613
.0,5802= (F-41,7613)*0,0056 + 41,7613*0,8824
0,0056F -269.893391 + 21.9332682
F= -247.960123
F= 42.151932 D= 0.3907

kmol/jam % Xf 58.0236%
kmol/jam 65.6000% 0.5802
kmol/jam 21.9700%
kmol/jam 10.9500%
kmol/jam 1.4800%

kmol/jam % Xb 52.5206%
kmol/jam 88.2422% 0.5252
kmol/jam 0.0000%
kmol/jam 0.0000%
kmol/jam 11.7578%

kmol/jam % Xd 646.2769%
kmol/jam 20.3156% 6.4628
kmol/jam 65.9100%
kmol/jam 32.8500%
kmol/jam -19.0756%
 Arus Masuk Arus Keluar
Komponen BM Arus 20 (Vd) Arus 23 (Ld) Arus 27 (D)
F N F N F
AsBen 122.123 3701.10832 30.30640 3183.05852 26.06437 518.04980
BenzAl 108.12 10630.68532 98.32302 9142.69201 84.56060 1487.99331
Benzaldhyd 106.124 5200.59338 49.00488 4472.65836 42.14559 727.93502
H2O 18 -512.21871 -28.45660 -440.52267 -24.47348 -71.69604
16357.88621 128.29707 2662.28209
Total
 Total
19020.1683 149.17770 19020.1683 149.17770

Alur 23 (Ld)
Total : N23 128.2971
AsBen 26.0644
BenzAl 84.5606
Benzaldhyd 42.1456
H2O -24.4735

Arus Masuk Arus Keluar

Komponen BM Alur 21 (Lb) Alur 24 (Vb) Alur 25 (B)
F N F N F
Asam Benzoat 122.123 20111.6529 164.6836 15611.2922 127.8325 4500.3608
H2O 18 394.9784 21.9432 306.5945 17.0330 88.3838
15917.8867 144.8656 4588.7446
Total
20506.6313 186.6268 20506.6313 186.6268
r
Arus 37
N
36.1140
0.4910
36.6051
41.0242
 Arus Keluar
Arus 26a Arus 34
N F N
0.0000 4410.3535 36.1140
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.7370 0.0000 0.0000
50.0040 88.3838 4.9102
50.7410 4498.7374 41.0242
5488.8167 91.7653

k Arus Keluar
Arus 26 Arus 28
N F N
0.0000 4500.3608 36.8510
50.0040 988.4560 54.9142
50.0040
91.7653 5488.8167 91.7653

Arus Keluar
Arus 25
 F N
4500.3608 36.8510
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
88.3838 4.9102
4588.7446 41.7613
62.6419
r
Arus 27 (D)
N
4.24203
13.76242
6.85929
-3.98311
20.88063
 149.17770

r
Alur 25 (B)
N
36.8510
4.9102
41.7613
186.6268
 34
26a
VACUUM FILTER Arus Masuk
34a Komponen BM Arus 34 Arus 34a
F N F
C6H5COOH122.1230 ### 36.1140 0.0000
35 Mother Liquor
122.1230 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
H2O 18.0000 88.3838 4.9102 ###
### 41.0242 ###
Total
9899.1703
35a
NM Total
F34 + F26a+34a = F35 + F35a

Arus 34 Arus 35a

AsBen ### kg/jam Mother Liq 90.0072
Air 88.3838 kg/jam Air ###

Arus 26a Arus 35

Mother Liq 90.0072 Asben ###
Air 900.0722 Air 88.3838
###
Arus 34a
Air ###
Arus Masuk Arus Keluar
Arus 34a Arus 26a Arus 35a Arus 35
N F N F N F N
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 ### 36.1140
0.0000 90.0072 0.7370 90.0072 0.7370 0.0000 0.0000
245.0196 900.0722 50.0040 ### 295.0236 88.3838 4.9102
245.0196 990.0794 50.7410 ### 295.7607 ### 41.0242
336.7849 9899.1703 336.7849