EIT-M

Automatic Power Supply Control

SCHOOL -- MECHANICAL
AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT –
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

COURSE NAME –
ELECTROMECHANICAL PROJECT

GROUP PROJECT WORK

Group member ID NUMBER

Solomon seifemikael……………………………………………………eitm/ur96919/08

Hayelom girma ……………………………………………….…………….eitm/ur95995/08

Mesafint tadese…………………………………………………………….eitm/ur96121/08

SUBMITTED TO: INS.DESTA

SUBMISSION DATE: 04/12/2019
In 2012, world energy consumption by power source was oil 31.4%, coal 29.0%, natural gas
21.3%, biofuels and waste 10.0%, nuclear 4.8%, hydro 2.4%, and 'other' (hydro, peat, solar, wind,
geothermal power, etc.) 1.1%. Oil, coal, and natural gas were the most popular energy fuels.[1]
Recently there has been a large increase in international agreements and national Energy Action
Plans, such as the EU 2009 Renewable Energy Directive, to increase the use of renewable energy
due to the growing concerns about pollution from energy sources that come from fossil fuels such
as oil, coal, and natural gas. One such initiative was the United Nations Development Program’s
World Energy Assessment in 2000 that highlighted many challenges humanity would have to
overcome in order to shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. From 2000 - 2012
renewable energy grew at a rate higher than any other point in history, with a consumption increase
of 176.5 million tones. [2]

The demand for electricity is increasing every day and frequent power cuts, undesirable under and
over voltage and current surges are causing many problems in various areas like industries,
hospitals and houses. This unreliability in electric power supply has occasioned the
proliferation of an alternative arrangement for power sources. Therefore, the main objective of
this project is to demonstrate how a safe and an uninterrupted power can be supplied to a load, by
selecting any of the four assumed power sources namely; main supply, generator, wind power and
solar powers automatically.

In this project a voltage sensing circuit, a Hall Effect current sensor, relay drivers, relays and an
LCD are all coordinated using the PIC family, microcontroller chip. The load is connected to the
one of the four powers sources at a time, when the voltages and load currents are continuously
sensed and feed to the microcontroller. When any of the sources fails or gets out of the suitable
current and/or voltage range the microcontroller gets the information and sends a signal to the
relay driver IC, which switches for the appropriate relay to maintain uninterrupted supply to the
load. The output shall be observed using a lamp (load) drawing power supply from mains initially.
On failure or instability of the mains supply the load gets supply from the next available source,
say a wind power source. If this power source also fails or produced transients it switches over to
the next available source and so on.
The LCD displays overall system information like the voltage and current statuses and which
supply source is currently being connected to the load.
The project can be further enhanced by using other sources, which are most likely to be available
locally and then taking into thought for bring into play the best feasible power whose duty and
tariff maintains low at that point of time. .
 The whole system working principle is summarized in the flow chart shown below

In general our motivation to do this project is when we take catia test while we are second year
power was off. So due to this many of our friend including me were not save the file.so the
teacher gave as 20 out of 40.
1 Power failures are particularly critical at sites where the environment and public safety are at
risk. Even a brief power outage can cause tremendous losses of productivity, material and
revenues. The degree of impact caused by a power failure to an individual company varies by
industry and the nature of applications. It can range from being disruptive to life threatening.
2 Though the power supply is available there are other problems as over/under voltages and
currents which are produced by faults, atmospheric and electromagnetic issues. These
tend to stress the insulation of the electrical equipment’s and likely to cause damage to them when
it frequently occurs. Surges can also result in spark over and flash over between phase and ground
at the weakest point in the network, breakdown of gaseous/solid/ liquid insulation, failure of
transformers and rotating machines and other appliances.
As a remedy we have designed and implemented system using microcontroller based for supplying
uninterrupted and protected power to the ultimate users. Using this microcontroller, we can control
the power source that should be ON at a time while ensuring a continuous stable power to the load
by monitoring the relays connected to each power supplies and protects the load from flowing
over/under current and over/under voltage with the help of separately designed current and voltage
sensors. Those protective devices are directly interfaced within the microcontroller to notify the
status of voltage and current of the respective power source.

This project is very huge so it needs some limits. In this project we will design the following
components.
 We attempts to design automatic power control system to produce
 In this project, we design only the main component of the system like current sensor, voltage
sensor actuator and Lcd display
 Designing of electrical system and only some mechanical components
 For the electrical parts we check the system with only software we don’t do the prototype
 Setting up the controller system using embedded micro controller

Many studies have been conducted related to hybridization different power sources and
automatically switching the load to the available ones.
Amuzuvi, C. K. and Addo, E. (2015), developed A Microcontroller-Based Automatic Transfer
Switching System for a Standby Electric Generator. This paper explains a Microcontroller-
Based Automatic Transfer Switching System , which avoids a manual switching system. The
designed circuitry was conducted using Proteus design suit software, which combines a standby
diesel generator and the AC mains only. An Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) was used with
standby systems and includes a main voltage sensor circuit. When mains power is interrupted,
the control circuit starts up the generator set, disconnects the load from the utility and connects
it to the generator set. But there was no means to check the availability of the generator power:
weather it runs out of fuels or gets some faults. [4]
Similar work was also conducted by Agbetuyi A.F., Adewale A, Ogunluyi J.O., Ogunleye D.S for
a single phase power generator demonstrating the ability of automatic transfer switch to perform
automatic power change over activities easily and with little or no human interaction using
Microcontroller (PIC 16F877) to convert the measured analogue alternating current.
Adamu Murtala Zungeru and Ambafi James Garba studied on “design of a smart embedded
uninterrupted power supply system for personal computers”. The design of this uninterrupted
power supply for personal computer (PC) was proposed for enhanced portability in the design
of personal computer desktop workstations. In their work they includes switching circuit block
for automatic changeover from AC mains to inverted DC power, comprises a single
microcontroller chip used for both interfacing with a conventional personal computer
(software control) and for other circuit components control (hardware control). [5]
Ponnle A. A, Omojoyegbe M. O. researched on “Development of a Low Cost Microcontroller
Based Under and Over Voltage Protection Device” to protect loads such as refrigerator, T.V.,
VCR/DVD players etc. from undesirable over and under voltages, as well as surges caused
due to sudden failure/resumption of mains power supply.
Most of the papers done so far on uninterrupted power supply, used only two power sources a
standby generator with an automatic transfer switch and/or UPS units as a backup to the main
utility feed. But we extended the number of sources to four different supplies which supposed to
be most available in our country. Their idea was also for applications that require small power
demand such as personal computer (PC). Our proposed design helps for medium power demand
applications as it switches between the four ac supplies and we can regulate it depending on our
power demand requirements. A crucial feature that was missed by most of the papers is the
protection systems, which is essential for safe operation of the load.
And the other important thing in ours is the ability of the programmability. Having a programmable
system adds the versatility and flexibility features.

Designing, modeling and simulating of Automatic Power Supply Control and

protection with four Different Sources to ensure No Power Interruption; Solar, Mains, Generator
& Wind.

 To design a housing to hold overall electrical components

 To specify the size of the housing
 To design an electric circuit that senses the amount of current and voltage and
simulate it using proteus software
  To choose an appropriate sensor for the system
 To select an appropriate actuator that will perform the desired function of the system
well
 To select a micro controller that controls the action of the system
 To write a program for the micro controller

1, Identifying and state the problem

2, serving different literature published on automated irrigation system
3, Develop different conceptual design, select the best functional design and finally
lay out the functional specification

Electrical design
1, Selection of sensor and actuator based on appropriate specification
2, Specifying the appropriate control specification and design the controller
3, specify the criteria and select microprocessor based on the criteria
4, Design the electrical circuit connection

Software design
1, Develop a program to implement the control system
2, Implement the program to the controller
3, Simulate the electrical circuit connection by the aid of simulation software’s
4, Draw the conclusion based on the result
5, State recommendation

Pre design Design Post design

 Identifying the  Electrical  Drawing,
problem system design conclusion and
 Develop  Software recommendati
conceptual program design on
design  Simulation
  Finally we will get Automatic Power Supply Control and protection with four
Different Sources to ensure No Power Interruption; Solar, Mains, Generator & Wind.

[1]. http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/ [accessed 04-feb-2016]

[2]. BP: Statistical Review of World Energy, Workbook (xlsx), London, 2013 [accessed 12-
Dec- 2015]
[3]. http://www.dieselserviceandsupply.com/Industry_Power_Outages.aspx [accessed April 4,
2016]
[4]. Amuzuvi, C. K. and Addo, E. (2015), “A Microcontroller-Based Automatic Transfer
Switching System for a Standby Electric Generator”, Ghana Mining Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp.
85 - 92.
[5]. Adamu Murtala Zungeru and Ambafi James Garba, “DESIGN OF A SMART EMBEDDED
UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR PERSONAL COMPUTERS”.