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Handout Sample CC Module

Clinical chemistry analysers use various techniques like ion selective electrodes, spectrophotometry, and different types of assays to analyze patient samples. Quality control procedures include calibration, linearity checks, internal/external quality assessment, and multi-rule control charts to monitor accuracy and prevent errors. Sample factors like anticoagulants, hemolysis, lipemia, and icterus can affect analyte levels, requiring interpretation of results. Critical values outside defined limits for electrolytes, glucose, creatinine, and coagulation markers require urgent notification.

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67 views15 pages

Handout Sample CC Module

Clinical chemistry analysers use various techniques like ion selective electrodes, spectrophotometry, and different types of assays to analyze patient samples. Quality control procedures include calibration, linearity checks, internal/external quality assessment, and multi-rule control charts to monitor accuracy and prevent errors. Sample factors like anticoagulants, hemolysis, lipemia, and icterus can affect analyte levels, requiring interpretation of results. Critical values outside defined limits for electrolytes, glucose, creatinine, and coagulation markers require urgent notification.

Uploaded by

John Matthew
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYSER

INSTRUMENTATION:
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYSER
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYSER

TYPES OF AUTOANALYSER:

Autoanalyser

Discrete Flow

Random Continuous Flow


Centrifugal
access flow injection

PRINCIPLE OF ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE:

Membrane potentials are caused by the permeability of certain types of


membranes to selected anions or cations. Such membranes are used
to fabricate ISEs that selectively interact with a single ionic species.
The potential produced at the membranesample solution interface is
proportional to the logarithm of the ionic activity or concentration of
the ion in question.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYSER
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYSER
PRINCIPLE OF SPECTROPHOTOMETER:

DEFINITION:

Spectrophotometry is defined as the measurement of the intensity


oflight at selected wavelengths.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYSER
TYPES OF ASSAYS:

END-POINT ASSAY:

A single measurement is performed after a fixed incubation period. This


method is employed for the estimation of analytes, which would be
completely consumed in the reaction. The end point for a particular analyte
is normally acheived within 5 to 15 minutes at 37° C, the coloured complex/
non coloured complex thus formed at the end of reaction period is read for
its absorbance using a spectro-photometer.

KINETIC ASSAY:

Measurements are performed multiple times over a fixed time interval.The


reagents employing this method are based on the principle of measurement
of the difference in absorbance beween two points over a period of specified
time during the progress of the reaction. The assumption is that a constant
amount of product is produced during the time interval being
monitered. Usually, the reaction time is short to avoid any danger of enzyme
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYSER
degradation.

CALIBRATION:

Calibration is the process of testing and adjusting the instrument or test


system readout to establish a correlation between the instrument’s
measurement of the substance being tested and the actual concentration of
the substance.

LINEARITY LIMIT:

Linearity or Range is a property that is between the limit of quantitation and


the point where a plot of concentration versus response goes non-linear.

QUALITY CONTROL:

The term quality control is a process to periodically examine an analytical


procedure using quality control sample or surrogate sample to verify if it is
performing according to the pre established performance.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYSER

internal quality
assessment
quality control
external quality
assessment

EQA:

Evaluation of method performance by comparison of results versus those of


other laboratories for the same set of samples.

MULTI-RULE CONTROL CHART:


CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYSER

INTERPRETATION:
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYSER

CAUSES OF RANDOM & SYSTEMATIC ERROR:


CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYSER
PARAMETERS AFFECTED BY

ANTICOAGULANT:
INCREASE DECREASE
Potassium Calcium
Magnesium
ALP

HEMOLYSIS:
INCREASE DECREASE
Potassium Sodium
LDH Glucose
AST Bilirubin
Phosphate Haptoglobin, amylase

LIPEMIA:
INCREASE DECREASE
Direct bilirubin Sodium
Bile acids Potassium
TIBC Chloride, bicarbonate
Magnesium LDH
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYSER
ICTERUS:
INCREASE DECREASE
Magnesium cholesterol
triglycerides
creatinine
Bile acids

CRITICAL VALUES:

Critical values, also known as panic or alert values, are laboratory results
that indicate a life-threatening situation for the patient. Because of their
critical nature, urgent notification of a critical value to the appropriate
healthcare professional is necessary.

CRITICAL VALUES REPORTED BY OUR LAB:

PARAMETERS LOWER LIMIT UPPER LIMIT


SODIUM <110mEq/L >160 mEq/L
POTASSIUM <2.8 mEq/L >6.2 mEq/L
CALCIUM <6.6mg/dL >14 mg/dL
GLUCOSE <60 mg/dL >500 mg/dL
CREATININE >8 mg/dL
T.BILIRUBIN >15 mg/dL

PROTHROMBIN INR->5.5
TIME
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYSER
EXERCISE:
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYSER
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYSER

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