EENG 457 POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS I

EXPERIMENT 5

POWER FLOW 2

1. Objective
The objective of this experiment is to analyze the power flow in a given power system using the
PowerWorld Simulator. Power flow solutions will be obtained using the Gauss-Seidel and the
Newton-Raphson methods, and the progress of the solutions through the iterations will be
observed. (Reference: Example 6.9, p.277, Power System Analysis and Design, Glover-Sarma).
2. Preliminary Work
The oneline diagram of the system is shown in Fig.E5-1. The data for the components in
the system are given in per unit in Tables E6-1,2 and 3. The base values are Sbase=100
MVA, Vbase=15 kV at bus 1. The ratings of the devices are:

Generator G1: 400 MVA, 15 kV

1 T1 5 T2
G1 4 3
L3 G2

80 MW
40 Mvar
L2 L1

800 MW
280 Mvar
FIGURE E5-1

TABLE E5-1 Bus input data

V  PG QG PL QL QGmax QGmin
Bus Type
p.u degrees p.u. p.u. p.u. p.u. p.u. p.u.
1 Swing 1.0 0 - - 0 0 - -
2 Load - - 0 0 8.0 2.8 - -
Voltage-
3 1.05 - 5.2 - 0.8 0.4 4.0 -2.4
controlled
4 Load - - 0 0 0 0 0 -
5 Load - - 0 0 0 0 0 -
TABLE E5-2 Line input data
 R X G B Maximum MVA
Bus-to-bus
p.u. p.u. p.u. p.u. p.u.
2-4 0.009 0.1 0 1.72 12.0
2-5 0.0045 0.050 0 0.88 12.0
4-5 0.00225 0.025 0 0.44 12.0

TABLE E5-3 Transformer input data

R X Gc Bm Maximum MVA
Bus-to-bus
p.u. p.u. p.u. p.u. p.u.
1-5 0.0015 0.02 0 1.72 6.0
2-5 0.00075 0.01 0 0.88 10.0

(a) Calculate Ybus for the system using the data in the tables.
(b) Using the initial values given in Table 1, perform one Gauss-Seidel iteration
for bus 2 and 3 voltages V2(1) and V3(1). Note that bus 3 is a voltage-controlled
bus. Therefore, correction must be applied to the magnitude of V3(1) to force it
to have the specified value ( V3 = 1.05 ).
(c) In the Newton-Raphson method, calculate the initial power mismatches at all
the buses 2-5. Also, calculate the Jacobian matrix elements of the partition J11.
(NOTE: a power mismatch at a bus “k” is defined as Pk ( n ) = Pk ,sch - Pk ,calc (n ) ,
where Pk ,sch is the scheduled real power and Pk ,calc (n ) is the power calculated
from the power flow equation after iteration n.

3. Procedure

(a) Draw the oneline diagram of the system in the PowerWorld Simulator, using the
procedures described in Experiment 1. The system schematic should look like the one
in Fig.E5-2.
(b) Enter all the per unit parameters of the devices given in the tables, using the
appropriate dialog boxes.
(c) Under the “Tools” group, open the “Simulator Options” dialog. Under “Power Flow
Solution” check the “Do Only One Iteration” box. Then, in the “Run Mode” open
the “Solve” menu and choose “Gauss-Seidel Power Flow”. The Simulator will
perform one Gauss-Seidel iteration.
(d) Note down all bus voltages (magnitude and phase) and power mismatches at the end
of the first iteration. For power mismatches, go to Case Information  Network
Power Mismatches.
(e) Proceed in single-steps through the solution by repeatedly selecting “Gauss-Seidel
Power Flow”. Perform 10 iterations and repeat step (d) at the end of each iteration.
Arrange your results in the form of a table (Table A).
(f) Now, in your oneline diagram reset all voltages and power values to their initial values
(In Edit Mode). Then, in the “Run Mode” open the “Solve” menu and choose “Polar
NR Power Flow”. The Simulator will perform one Newton-Raphson iteration.
(g) Repeat steps (d) and (e) for 5 iterations. Arrange your results in the form of a table
(Table B).
 520 MW
1.0000 pu 1.0500 pu 0 Mvar
1.0000 pu 1.0000 pu 0.0000 Deg 0.0000 Deg
0.0000 Deg
394.8 MW A
114.3 Mvar
A

slack MVA
Amps
A

MVA

80 MW
40 Mvar
One Five
A A
Four Three
Am ps Amps

Two 1.0000 pu
0.0000 Deg

800 MW
280 Mvar

FIGURE E5-2

4. Results and Discussions

(a) Compare the results from your calculations in the Preliminary Work and those from the
Simulator.
(b) If the two results do not match, try to figure out how the discrepancy arises.
(c) Plot the power mismatches at all buses versus iteration number n, for both of the
methods. Compare the convergence rates of the two power flow solution methods.