Medicine Alert

Chapter 01
INTRODUCTION

The category of patients involves all human beings-teachers, students, businessmen, housewives,
children and also all of us have a busy hectic schedule. Today‟s life is full of responsibilities and
Stress. So people are prone to diseases of different types and it is our duty to make ourselves stay
fit and healthy. If the patient stays at home then he or she might get someone to look after
him/her but when one is not at home, is out of the city or state away from home then it is hard for
the family members to call them and remind them their dosage timings every time.

In our developing and technology dependent life we totally rely on gadgets especially smart
phones. Today everyone has a smart phone. With this we get an opportunity to use technology in
a better way so that it can be made useful to us. And it plays an important part in our daily life
and helps us staying fit in many ways. The remarkable problem is that patients forget to take the
proper medicines in proper proportion and in proper time. Medication adherence, which refers to
the degree or extent to which a patient takes the right medication at the right time according to a
doctor‟s prescription, has recently emerged as a serious issue because many studies have
reported that non-adherence may critically affect the patient, thereby raising medical costs.
Medication no adherence is a common, complex, and costly problem that contributes to poor
treatment outcomes and consumes health care resources.

So we are introducing an Android application whose objective is to remind the patients of their
Dosage timings through Alarm Ringing system so that they can stay fit and healthy. Through
navigation they can search doctors and hospitals and contact details so that they can easily get
proper treatment on time. This application focuses on the people who forget to take medicines on
time. It allows users to set an alarm along with the fields of date, time and medicine description
which will allow them to set alarm for multiple medicines at different time intervals. The
notification system will send a notification after setting an alarm. The user can activate or
deactivate the notification accordingly. It will be sent as email or message as selected by the
user.

The patients can search doctor disease wise and area wise which will provide easy searching
facility along with doctor‟s contact information, visiting place and availability time. Medication
reminders help in decreasing medication dispensing errors and wrong dosages.

The application is designed on Android Studio. It can be helpful in defense sector and emergency
conditions (accidents) and can spread health care awareness. It is life-saving, money saving and
time saving application which is easy to use and provides a good user interface.

1
 Medicine Alert

1.1 Implementation

The Implementation is based on Android Operating system which will remind the users to
take medicines on time through notification and automatic alarm ringing system. Android is
a Linux-based operating system designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices such as
smart phones and tablet computers, developed by Google in conjunction with the Open
Handset Alliance.

Android was built from the ground-up to enable developers to create compelling mobile
applications that take full advantage of all a handset has to offer. The system is specified on
android operating system only because the market share of Android is high.

Android also comes with an application development framework (ADF), which provides an
API for application development and includes services for building GUI applications, data
access, and other component types. The framework is designed to simplify the reuse and
integration of components. Android apps are built using a mandatory XML manifest file.
The manifest file values are bound to the application at compile time. This file provides
essential information to an Android platform for managing the life cycle of an application.

Examples of the kinds of information included in a manifest file are descriptions of the app‟s
components among other architectural and configuration properties. Components can be one
of the following types: Activities, Services, Broadcast Receivers, and Content Providers.

Fig 1.1 Medication Reminder and Healthcare: System Overview

2
 Medicine Alert

1.2 Relevant Information

Android:

Fig.1.2 Android Logo

This is most popular operating system for mobile devices and tablets and is an open source
operating system created by Google. Android is a Linux-based operating system for smart
phones and tablets. It include different interfaces like touch screen user interface, widgets,
camera, network data monitoring and all other features so to enable a cell to be called as smart
phones.

 Android provides efficient platform for creating apps that is stable, bugs free and take
advantage of the hardware capabilities available on each device.
 It provides various security features and facilities to keep your data safe.
 It‟s an open source technology and easily customizable as per user needs.

3
 Medicine Alert

Oreo Operating System

Fig 1.2.2 Oreo System

Android 8.0 (API level 26) allows activities to launch in picture-in-picture (PIP) mode. PIP is a
special type of multi-window mode mostly used for video playback. PIP mode was originally
available for Android TV only; Android 8.0 makes the feature available on other Android
devices.

When an activity is in PIP mode, it is in the paused state, but should continue showing content.
For this reason, you should make sure your app does not pause playback in its onPause() handler.
Instead, you should pause video in onStop(), and resume playback in onStart(). For more
information, see Multi-Window Lifecycle.

Features of Oreo

 Smooth like butter

 These include more accurate dictionaries, better prediction and correction, and an easy
way to switch languages.
 In Marshmallow notifications are even better, offering far more contextual information.
 The notifications are expandable and actionable.
 It makes your device work more smoothly and responsively, and it patches up a few bugs
and issues that emerged in previous operating systems.

4
 Medicine Alert

Android Studio

Android Studio is the official integrated development environment (IDE) for the Android
platform.

It was announced on May 16, 2013 at the Google I/O conference. Android Studio is freely
available under the Apache License 2.0

Android Studio was in early access preview stage starting from version 0.1 in May 2013, then
entered beta stage starting from version 0.8 which was released in June 2014. The first stable
build was released in December 2014, starting from version 1.0. Based on JetBrains' IntelliJ
IDEA software, Android Studio is designed specifically for Android development. It is available
for download on Windows, macOS and Linux and replaced Eclipse Android Development Tools
(ADT) as Google's primary IDE for native Android application development.

Features

 Gradle-based build support

 Android-specific refactoring and quick fixes
 Lint tools to catch performance, usability, version compatibility and other problems
 ProGuard integration and app-signing capabilities
 Template-based wizards to create common Android designs and components

5
 Medicine Alert

Chapter 2
PROJECT MOTIVATION

2.1 Objective
The Objective is based on Android Operating system which will remind the users to take
medicines on time through notification and automatic alarm ringing system. Android is a
windows based operating system designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices such as
smart phones and tablet computers, developed by Google in conjunction with the Open Handset
Alliance.

Information technology supporting patient self-management has the potential to foster shared
accountability for healthcare outcomes by improving patient adherence. There is growing interest
in providing alerts and reminders to patients to improve healthcare self-management. This paper
describes a literature review of automated alerts and reminders directed to patients, the
technology used, and their efficacy.

2.1.1 Working of Basic Reminder

This will include schedule and communication reminder. Working of both reminder is fully
depend upon the date and time matching if date and time matched then it notifies to the user.

2.1.2 Medicine Based Reminder

In this reminder it simply matches the latitude and longitude of location which is entered by the
user with current location. If match found then it notifies to the user.

2.1.3 Text to Voice Conversion

It simply converts that text message into voice.

6
 Medicine Alert

2.2 Proposed System

The proposed system is based on Android Operating system which will remind the users to take
medicines on time through notification and automatic alarm ringing system.

Android is a Linux-based operating system designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices
such as smart phones and tablet computers, developed by Google in conjunction with the Open
Handset Alliance. Android was built from the ground-up to enable developers to create
compelling mobile applications that take full advantage of all a handset has to offer. The system
is specified on android operating system only because the market share of Android is high.

Android also comes with an application development framework (ADF), which provides an API
for application development and includes services for building GUI applications, data access,
and other component types. The framework is designed to simplify the reuse and integration of
components. Android apps are built using a mandatory XML manifest file. The manifest file
values are bound to the application at compile time. This file provides essential information to an
Android platform for managing the life cycle of an application. Examples of the kinds of
information included in a manifest file are descriptions of the app‟s components among other
architectural and configuration properties. Components can be one of the following types:
Activities, Services, Broadcast Receivers, and Content Providers.

Input to the system is the information entered by the patient which includes date, time, medicine
name, doctor‟s name, etc. The output of the system focuses on “Medication Adherence”.
Medication adherence usually refers to whether patients take their medications as prescribed (eg,
twice daily), as well as whether they continue to take a prescribed medication. Medication non
adherence is a growing concern to clinicians, healthcare systems, and other stakeholders (eg,
payers) because of mounting evidence that it is prevalent and associated with adverse outcomes
and higher costs of care.

7
 Medicine Alert

2.2.1 Set Alarm module

It helps in reminding about the medicines. User can add details of his dosage schedules. Using
the date field one can enter the starting and ending dates between which he has to take
medicines.

The time field shows the time of dosage and on that time the alarm will get rung. The user can
add the description of the medicine, including name, purpose and other related description. All
the information will be saved in the database. This makes any time availability of the patients‟
records.

They can change the ringtone of the alarm from the ringtones stored in the devices.

Fig 2.2.1 Set Alarm Module

8
 Medicine Alert

2.2.2 Get_Notification module

Once the alarm is set then the user gets the notification. The users can activate or deactivate this
accordingly. If he does not require the notification he can turn off it.

If he requires this system then a notification will be sent into his device. Again if he wants the
notification in email form, he can select the „Notification Mode‟ or if he requires it in a message
format he can go with „Notification through Message Mode‟.

The module with Notification through Message Mode.

Fig 2.2.2 Get_Notification Module

9
 Medicine Alert

Chapter 3
DESIGN OF APPLICATION

3.1 UML Diagrams

The unified modeling language (UML) is a graphical language for visualization, specifying,
constructing and documenting the artifacts of a software intensive system. The UML gives a
standard was to write system‟s blue prints, covering conceptual things, such as business
processes and system function, as well as concrete things, such as classes return in specific
programming language , database schemas, reusable software components.

There are number of UML diagrams in unified modeling language, such as,

1. Use Case Diagram

2. DFD Level-0
3. DFD Level-1
4. Class Diagram
5. Activity Diagram
6. State Chart Diagram
7. E-R Diagram

10
 Medicine Alert

3.1.1 Use Case Diagram

The purpose of use case diagram is to capture the dynamic aspect of a system. but this definition
is too generic to describe the purpose.

So in brief, the purposes of use case diagrams can be as follows:

 Used to gathered requirements of system

 Used to get. an outside view of appllication
 Identify external and internal factors influencing the application
 Show the interacting among the requirement are actors.

Fig 3.1.1 Use Case Diagram

11
 Medicine Alert

3.1.2 DFD Level- 0

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is also called as „Bubble chart‟. This is a graphical technique that
represents information flow, and transformers those are applied when data moves from input to
output.

DFD represents system requirements clearly and identify transformers those becomes programs
in design. DFD consists of series of bubbles joined by lines.

Fig 3.1.2 DFD Level – 0 Diagram

12
 Medicine Alert

3.1.3 DFD Level-1

DFD are use to represent information flow, and the transformers those are applied when data
moves from input to output. To show the data flow with more details, the DFD further extended
to level 1,level 2,level 3 etc. as per the requirement.

The typical value for the DFD is seven. Any system can be well represented with the details up
to seventh levels.

Fig 3.1.3 DFD Level – 1 Diagram

13
 Medicine Alert

3.1.4 Class Diagram

The class diagram is a static diagram.it represents the static view of an application. class diagram
is not only used for visualizing ,describing and documenting diff. aspects of a system but also for
constructing executable code of the software application.

The class diagram shows a collection of classes, interfaces, associations, collaborations and
constraints. It is also known as a structural diagram.

Fig 3.1.4 Class Diagram

14
 Medicine Alert

3.1.5 Activity Diagram

Activity diagram is basically a flow chart to represent the flow form one activity to another
activity. The activity can be described as an operation of the system.

Purpose

It captures the dynamic behavior of the system. Activity diagram is used to show message flow
from one activity to another. So we should identify the following elements.

Fig 3.1.5 Activity Diagram

15
 Medicine Alert

3.1.6 State Chart Diagram

In the Unified Modeling Language, a component diagram depicts how components are wired
together to form larger components and or software systems. They are used to illustrate the
structure of arbitrarily complex systems.

Components are wired together by using an assembly connector to connect the required interface
of one component with the provided interface of another component. This illustrates the service
consumer – service provider relationship between the two components.

Fig 3.1.6 State Chart Diagram

16
 Medicine Alert

3.1.7 Entity Relationship Diagram

An ER model is an abstract way to describe a database. Describing a database usually starts with
a relational database, which stores data in tables.

Some of the data in these tables point to data in other tables – for instance, your entry in the
database could point to several entries for each of the phone numbers that are yours. The ER
model would say that you are an entity, and each phone number is an entity, and the relationship
between you and the phone number is „has a phone number‟. Diagrams created to design these
entities and relationships are called entity – relationship diagrams or ER diagrams.

Fig 3.1.7 E R Diagram

17
 Medicine Alert

Chapter 4
SPECIFICATIONS

Software Requirement

Operating System Server

Windows 8.1 or later

Client
Microsoft Internet Explorer

Tools and environment

jdk1.7

Code Behind
Java, Android

Hardware requirement

Processor
Intel i3 or later

Ram
Minimum 512 MB

Secondary storage
Minimum 80 GB

18
 Medicine Alert

Chapter 5
ADVANTAGES

The benefits of a medical alert system are widespread and can include

 Affordability & Privacy

With the costs of nursing homes, assisted living centers, and private in-home health care
services increasing each year, medical alert systems continue to gain ground as an
affordable alternative care option for seniors and individuals with medical conditions. A
medical alert system also enables individuals to live a more private lifestyle by remaining
in their own homes.

 Independence & Comfort

Medical alert systems enable seniors and individuals with medical conditions to maintain
their independence and to live comfortably in their own homes longer without having to
depend on others to check in on them regularly.

 Availability & Responsiveness

Medical monitoring is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week through a medical alert
system. If emergency assistance is required, with a push of a button, an individual can
speak to trained emergency medical personnel within seconds through a 2-way voice
communication device. Most call centers employ trained and certified healthcare
professionals that have the knowledge and experience to effectively respond to
emergency medical situations.

 Safety & Peace-of-Mind

With a medical alert system, yourself and your loved ones will feel better and have
peace-of-mind knowing that it is safe for you to be alone because you will have access to
emergency medical help 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, should you need it.

 Functional & Expansive

There are many different medical alert systems on the market that cater to individual
needs and activity levels. Some systems offer pendants that are waterproof for use in the
shower or swimming pool. There are systems that have a broader range to monitor
individuals in and around their homes, on vacation, and on the go. Connectivity also
19
 Medicine Alert

varies for medical alert systems, with most companies accommodating for landline,
VoIP, and cellular technology. Medical alert systems can also function to detect falls, to
monitor medication compliance, and to detect unsafe carbon monoxide levels, fire, and
smoke.

 Easy Setup & Easy to Use

Medical alert systems are easy to set up and easy to use with just a push of a button. For
most systems, there is a base unit that is placed in a central area of the home and plugged
in to a standard wall electrical outlet and a personal help button (pendant) that is worn by
the individual in need of monitoring. If an emergency is occurring, simply push the
personal help button to alert the call center that is staffed by emergency medical
personnel that are ready and able to assist with the situation.

20
 Medicine Alert

Chapter 6
DISADVANTAGES

 Expensive an increasingly sophisticated heath technology definitely does not come

cheap.
 The medicine warning alarm rings till we cannot stop it manually.

21
 Medicine Alert

Chapter 7
CONCLUSION

The patients will get the schedule of medicine in-take time with medicine description, starting
and ending date of medicine, notification through message or email, automatic alarm ringing
system and navigation system.

22