PROJECT REPORT ON AIR POLLUTION &

TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY MONITORING

SYSTEM USING ARDUNIO
Submitted in fulfilment of the requirement of University of Mumbai
For the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
(Information Technology)
TE-IT Sem VI
By
Anuja Londhe TU4F1516033
Sneha Sharma TU4F1516023
Shivani Anand TU4F1516020
Under the Guidance of
Dr. Vaishali Khairnar

Department of Information Technology Engineering

TERNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

(2018-2019)

1
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “AIR POLLUTION &

TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY MONITORING SYSTEM USING
ARDUNIO “is a bonafide work of “Anuja Londhe” (TU4F1516033),
“Sneha Sharma”(TU4F1516020),”Shivani Anand” (TU4F1516020)
submitted to the University of Mumbai in partial fulfilment of the requirement
for the award of the degree of “Third Year of Engineering” in “SEM-VI” in
“Information Technology”

(Dr. Vaishali Khairnar) (Prof. Likhesh Kolhe)

Project Guide Project Co-ordinator

(Prof. Vijaylaxmi Kadrolli) (Dr. Vaishali Khairnar)

Project Convenor Head of Department

(Dr. L.K Ragha)

Principal

2
 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This is to certify that the project entitled “AIR POLLUTION &

TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY MONITORING SYSTEM USING
ARDUNIO ” is a bonafide work of “Anuja Londhe” (TU4F1516033),
“Sneha Sharma”(TU4F1516020),”Shivani Anand” (TU4F1516020)
submitted to the University of Mumbai in partial fulfilment of the requirement
for the award of the degree of “Third Year of Engineering” in “SEM-VI” in
“Information Technology”

Examiner’s Name and Sign

1. ——————————————
-

2. ——————————————
-

Date:

Place:

3
 DECLARATION

We declare that this written submission represents our ideas in our own words
and where others’ ideas or words have been included, we have adequately cited
and referenced the original sources. We also declare that we have adhered to all
principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or
fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in our submission. We understand
that any violation of the above will be a cause for disciplinary action by the
Institute and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not
been properly cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken when
needed.

Sneha Sharma TU4F1516023 ........................

Anuja Londhe TU4F1516033........................

Shivani Anand TU4F1516020 ........................

Date:

4
 ABSTRACT
Air pollution affects our day to day activities and quality of life. It poses a threat
to the ecosystem and the quality of life on the planet. The dire need to monitor air
quality is very glaring, owing to increased industrial activities over the past years.
People need to know the extent to which their activities affect air quality. This
project proposes an air pollution monitoring system. The system was developed
using the Arduino microcontroller. The air pollution monitoring system was
designed to monitor and analyze air quality in real-time and log data to a remote
server, keeping the data updated over the internet. Air quality measurements were
taken based on the Parts per Million (PPM) metrics and The air quality
measurements taken by the designed system was accurate. The result was
displayed on the designed hardware's display interface and could be accessed via
the cloud on any smart mobile device.

This project introduces a temperature and humidity monitoring/sending system,

which is based on digital technology and computer technology, using the DHT11
and DHT22 sensor make by Sensirion company of Swiss. The system overcomes
disadvantages of poor linearity, low accuracy transmission complex use of
traditional system with the analog humidity sensor and makes measurement for
temperature and humidor higher precision.

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 Table of content
Sr. no Chapter Pg No

1. Introduction 7

2. Objective 8

3. Literature Review 9

5. Problem Statement 10

6. Proposed System 11

7. Implementation 19

8. Output 21

9. Conclusion 24

10. Reference 25

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 INTRODUCTION
Air Pollution Monitoring System in which we will monitor the Air Quality over
a web server using internet and will trigger a alarm when the air quality goes
down beyond a certain level, means when there are sufficient amount of harmful
gases are present in the air like CO2, smoke, alcohol, benzene and NH3. It will
show the air quality in PPM on the LCD and as well as on webpage so that we
can monitor it very easily.

Humidity and temperature are common parameters to measure environmental

conditions. A combined temperature and humidity sensor DHT11 is used to
develop the Celsius scale thermometer and percentage scale humidity
measurement module.

DHT11 sensor gives very precise value of humidity and temperature and ensures
high reliability and long term stability.

In this Arduino Project we will learn how to use the DHT11 or the DHT22 sensor
for measuring temperature and humidity with the Arduino board. Traditional
analog humidity sensor need signal circuit design, adjustment and calibration, for
which, the precision can not be guaranteed, so does the linearity, repetition,
interchanging and consistency. DHT11 and DHT22 is a new type
temperature/humidity sensor made by Sensirion Company based on CMOSens
technology, which combines CMOS chip with sensor. Temperature /humidity
sensor, signal magnifier, A/D switch and 12C bus interface are intergrade in one
chip. The author designs a temperature/ humidity measurement and sends system
with SHT1x sensor for temperature/humidity measurement in close
circumstances. Live temperature or humidity value is sent to a forage receiver
through wireless signal.

7
 OBJECTIVE
To develop a wireless network technology based Air Pollution And Monitoring
System (Mote1) that can detect the pollution rate and provide the value in ppm
(parts per million) and Temperature Humidity Monitoring System (Mote2) will
identify and recognize the Temperature and Humidity in environment and
provide value in Degree Celsius(C) and Percentage (%).

The core objectives are:

1. Check the air quality relative to standards or limit values.

2. Detect the importance of individual sources.

3. Inform the public about the air quality and raise the awareness.

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 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
An air pollutant is a substance in the air that can have adverse effects on
humans and the ecosystem. The substance can be solid particles, liquid droplets,
or gases. A pollutant can be of natural origin or man-made. Pollutants are
classified as primary or secondary. Primary pollutants are usually produced
from a process, such as ash from a volcanic eruption. Pollutants are either
emitted directly or formed from other primary pollutants.

Major primary pollutants produced by human activity include:

1.Sulfur oxides (SOx) - particularly sulfur dioxide, a chemical compound with

the formula SO2. it is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial
processes. Coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, and their
combustion generates sulfur dioxide.

2. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) - Nitrogen oxides, particularly nitrogen dioxide, are

expelled from high temperature combustion, and are also produced during
thunderstorms by electric discharge.

3. Carbon monoxide (CO) - CO is a colorless, odorless, toxic yet non-irritating

gas. It is a product by incomplete combustion of fuel such as natural gas, coal or
wood. Vehicular exhaust is a major source of carbon monoxide.

Temperature and humidity are very important parameters of the environment in

various industries like medicine, food, paper mills, textile, etc. In recent years,
optical fiber sensors have attracted more attentions in sensing and measurement
areas due to their many advantages over their conventional electronic
counterparts. The response of our designed system presents the temperature or
humidity is out of range as defined by the user by using Arduino and DHT11.
But majority of times such an alerting message could easily go unnoticed, the
user or the person in charge is sleeping in case if the intended person in
sleeping. so it is better to log the data in a remote computer in case of such an
event so that he can keep an track of the data. Another work in use the alarming
system for the Attending staff . The temperature and humidity measurement
sensor can fail if the user of the in charge is Away for the situation where the
emergency is taking place.

9
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Air Pollution Monitoring System in which we will monitor the Air Quality over
a web server using internet and will trigger a alarm when the air quality goes
down beyond a certain level, means when there are sufficient amount of
harmful gases are present in the air like CO2, smoke, alcohol, benzene and
NH3. It will show the air quality in PPM on the LCD and as well as on webpage
so that we can monitor it very easily.MQ135 sensor can sense NH3, NOx,
alcohol, Benzene, smoke, CO2 and some other gases, so it is perfect gas sensor
for our Air Quality Monitoring System.

The temperature and humidity monitoring system will identify and recognize
the temperature and humidity .

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 PROPOSED SYSTEM
The design consists more on actual planning of hardware part than the code to
be created. A number of software and hardware implementation techniques
were used to design and develop the system. The system design consists three
sections - one senses the humidity and temperature by using humidity and
temperature sensor DHT11. The second section reads the DHT sensor module’s
output and extracts temperature and humidity values into a suitable number in
percentage and Celsius scale. And the third part of the system displays humidity
and temperature on LCD. The system connection is based on single wire serial
communication. First Arduino send a start signal to DHT module and then DHT
gives a response signal containing temperature and humidity data. Arduino
collect and extract in two parts one is humidity and second is temperature and
then long term stability. This sensor has a resistive type humidity measurement
component and NTC type temperature measurement component with an 8-bit
microcontroller inbuilt which has a fast response and cost effective and
available in 4-pin single row package. DHT11 module works on serial
communication i.e. single wire communication. This module sends data in form
of pulse train of specific time period. Before sending data to Arduino it needs
some initialize command with a time delay.

Hardware Requirements:

1. MQ135 Gas Sensor

2. Arduino Uno

3. Wi-Fi module ESP8266

4.16X2 LCD

5. Breadboard

6.Buzzer

7.DHTT Temperature Humidity Sensor

11
COMPONENT DETAILS

1.MQ135 Gas Sensor

Air quality sensor for detecting a wide range of gases, including NH3, NOx,
alcohol, benzene, smoke and CO2. Ideal for use in office or factory. MQ135 gas
sensor has high sensitivity to Ammonia, Sulfide and Benze steam, also sensitive
to smoke and other harmful gases. It is with low cost and particularly suitable
for Air quality monitoring application.

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2. DTH11 TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY SENSOR

DHT11 module works on serial communication i.e. single wire communication.

This module sends data in form of pulse train of specific time period. Before
sending data to Arduino it needs some initialize command with a time delay.
And the whole process time is about 4ms. The single-wire serial interface
makes system integration quick and easy. Its small size, low power
consumption and up-to-20 meter signal transmission making it the best choice
for various applications, including those most demanding ones. The component
is 4-pin single row pin package.

13
Software used

C Language
C is a structured programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1973 at
Bell Laboratories. It is one of the most popular computer languages today because
of its structure, high-level abstraction, machine independent feature etc. C
language was developed to write the UNIX operating system, hence it is strongly
associated with UNIX, which is one of the most popular network operating
system in use today and heart of internet data superhighway. C language is a very
good language to introduce yourself to the programming world, as it is a simple
procedural language which is capable of doing wonders. Programs written in C
language takes very less time to execute and almost executes at the speed of
assembly language instructions. Initially C language was mainly used for writing
system level programs, like designing operating systems, but there are other
applications as well which can be very well designed and developed using C
language, like Text Editors, Compilers, Network Drivers etc.

Arduino

The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform

application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in the programming
language Java. It is used to write and upload programs to Arduino board. The
source code for the IDE is released under the GNU General Public License,
version 2.

14
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Air Pollution Monitoring System

15
Temperature And Humidity Monitoring System

16
 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION
#include <MQ135.h>

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

#define DEBUG true

SoftwareSerial esp8266(10,11); // This makes pin 9 of Arduino as RX pin and

pin 10 of Arduino as the TX pin

const int sensorPin= 0;

int air_quality;

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11, 5, 4, 3, 2);

void setup() {

pinMode(8, OUTPUT);

lcd.begin(16,2);

lcd.setCursor (0,0);

lcd.print ("Project on: ");

lcd.setCursor (0,1);

lcd.print ("Gas Detection ");

delay(1000);

Serial.begin(9600);

esp8266.begin(9600); // your esp's baud rate might be different

sendData("AT+RST\r\n",2000,DEBUG); // reset module

sendData("AT+CWMODE=2\r\n",1000,DEBUG); // configure as access point

sendData("AT+CIFSR\r\n",1000,DEBUG); // get ip address

17
 sendData("AT+CIPMUX=1\r\n",1000,DEBUG); // configure for multiple
connections

sendData("AT+CIPSERVER=1,80\r\n",1000,DEBUG); // turn on server on

port 80

pinMode(sensorPin, INPUT); //Gas sensor will be an input to the arduino

lcd.clear();

void loop() {

MQ135 gasSensor = MQ135(A0);

float air_quality = gasSensor.getPPM();

if(esp8266.available()) // check if the esp is sending a message

if(esp8266.find("+IPD,"))

delay(1000);

int connectionId = esp8266.read()-48; /* We are subtracting 48 from the

output because the read() function returns the ASCII decimal value and the first
decimal number which is 0 starts at 48*/

String webpage = "<h1>IOT Air Pollution Monitoring System</h1>";

webpage += "<p><h2>";

webpage+= " Air Quality is ";

webpage+= air_quality;

webpage+=" PPM";

18
 webpage += "<p>";

if (air_quality<=10)

webpage+= "Fresh Air";

else if(air_quality<=20 && air_quality>=10)

webpage+= "Poor Air";

else if (air_quality>=20)

webpage+= "Danger! Move to Fresh Air";

webpage += "</h2></p></body>";

String cipSend = "AT+CIPSEND=";

cipSend += connectionId;

cipSend += ",";

cipSend +=webpage.length();

cipSend +="\r\n";

sendData(cipSend,1000,DEBUG);

sendData(webpage,1000,DEBUG);

19
 cipSend = "AT+CIPSEND=";

cipSend += connectionId;

cipSend += ",";

cipSend +=webpage.length();

cipSend +="\r\n";

String closeCommand = "AT+CIPCLOSE=";

closeCommand+=connectionId; // append connection id

closeCommand+="\r\n";

sendData(closeCommand,3000,DEBUG);

lcd.setCursor (0, 0);

lcd.print ("Air Quality is ");

lcd.print (air_quality);

lcd.print (" PPM ");

lcd.setCursor (0,1);

if (air_quality<=10)

lcd.print("Fresh Air");

digitalWrite(8, LOW);

20
}

else if( air_quality>=10 && air_quality<=20 )

lcd.print("Poor Air, Open Windows");

digitalWrite(8, HIGH );

else if (air_quality>=20 )

lcd.print("Danger! Move to Fresh Air");

digitalWrite(8, HIGH); // turn the LED on

lcd.scrollDisplayLeft();

delay(1000);

String sendData(String command, const int timeout, boolean debug)

String response = "";

esp8266.print(command); // send the read character to the esp8266

long int time = millis();

while( (time+timeout) > millis())

while(esp8266.available())

// The esp has data so display its output to the serial window

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 char c = esp8266.read(); // read the next character.

response+=c;

if(debug)

Serial.print(response);

return response;

Blynk App Library

#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial

#include <ESP8266_Lib.h>

// You should get Auth Token in the Blynk App.

// Go to the Project Settings (nut icon).

char auth[] = "09e75834124046129be70f686f917a3d";

// Your WiFi credentials.

// Set/#include <BlynkSimpleShieldEsp8266.h>

password to "" for open networks.

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char ssid[] = "CPH1701";

char pass[] = "123456789";

// Hardware Serial on Mega, Leonardo, Micro...

//#define EspSerial Serial1

// or Software Serial on Uno, Nano...

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

SoftwareSerial EspSerial(10, 11); // RX, TX

// Your ESP8266 baud rate:

#define ESP8266_BAUD 9600

BlynkTimer timer;

// This function sends Arduino's up time every second to Virtual Pin (5).

// In the app, Widget's reading frequency should be set to PUSH. This means

// that you define how often to send data to Blynk App.

void myTimerEvent()

// You can send any value at any time.

// Please don't send more that 10 values per second.

int sense=analogRead(A0);

Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, sense);

23
 }

ESP8266 wifi(&EspSerial);

void setup()

// Debug console

Serial.begin(9600);

delay(10);

// Set ESP8266 baud rate

EspSerial.begin(ESP8266_BAUD);

delay(10);

Blynk.begin(auth, wifi, ssid, pass);

timer.setInterval(1000L, myTimerEvent);

void loop()

Blynk.run();

timer.run(); // Initiates BlynkTimer

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CODE 2: For Temperature & humidity Sensor

#include"dht.h" // Including library for dht

#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(14,15,16,17,18,19);
#include<Timer.h>
Timer t;
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial Serial1(2, 3);

#define dht_dpin 12
#define heart 13
dht DHT;

char *api_key="SIWOYBX26OXQ1WMS"; // Enter your Write API key

from ThingSpeak
static char postUrl[150];
int humi,tem;
void httpGet(String ip, String path, int port=80);

void setup()
{
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" Humidity ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(" Measurement ");
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Circuit Digest ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Welcomes You");
delay(2000);
Serial1.begin(9600);
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("WIFI Connecting");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
25
 lcd.print("Please wait....");
Serial.println("Connecting Wifi....");
connect_wifi("AT",1000);
connect_wifi("AT+CWMODE=1",1000);
connect_wifi("AT+CWQAP",1000);
connect_wifi("AT+RST",5000);
connect_wifi("AT+CWJAP=\"1st floor\",\"muda1884\"",10000);
Serial.println("Wifi Connected");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("WIFI Connected.");
pinMode(heart, OUTPUT);
delay(2000);
t.oscillate(heart, 1000, LOW);
t.every(20000, send2server);
}void loop()
{

DHT.read11(dht_dpin);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Humidity: ");
humi=DHT.humidity;
lcd.print(humi); // printing Humidity on LCD
lcd.print(" % ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Temperature:");
tem=DHT.temperature;
lcd.print(tem); // Printing temperature on LCD
lcd.write(1);
lcd.print("C ");
delay(1000);
t.update();

26
OUTPUT

27
28
 CONCLUSION

This proposed system can provide a convenient method for effective monitoring
of temperature and humidity in real time. This system is compact to an extent
and cost effective when compared to prices of instruments used to measure the
environmental factors. From the above all analysis, it is ensured that the nested
wired systems can be replaced by the wireless sensor networks to get an
accurate data as well as to avoid many hazardous issues. The system to monitor
the air of environment using Arduino micro controller. Gas sensor gives the
sense of different type of dangerous gases. It supports new technology and
healthy life concept.

29
 REFERENCE
1. J.M.Huges, Aurdino A Technical Reference ,O’Reilly Media, In May2016

2. www.winsen-sensor.com/

3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESP8266

4. www.instructables.com/id/ESP8266-Wi-fi-module-explain-and-connection/

5.https://www.olimex.com/Products/Components/Sensors/...MQ135/.../SNS-
MQ135.pdf

6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things

7. S. J. Brown, "Remote health monitoring and maintenance system," ed:

Google Patents, 2001.

8. http://www.ardumotive.com/iot-wifi-temp-andhumidity.htm

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