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Forced Vibrations Formula & Notes

This document contains notes on forced vibrations formulas and concepts. It includes equations and definitions for undamped and damped forced vibration of single-degree-of-freedom systems subjected to base excitation or unbalanced rotating forces. Key variables defined are mass, stiffness, damping, displacement, velocity, acceleration, force amplitude, natural frequency, and damping ratio. Formulas provided calculate displacement amplitude, amplification factor, phase angle, and transmissibility.

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Fahim Akmal
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© © All Rights Reserved
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476 views

Forced Vibrations Formula & Notes

This document contains notes on forced vibrations formulas and concepts. It includes equations and definitions for undamped and damped forced vibration of single-degree-of-freedom systems subjected to base excitation or unbalanced rotating forces. Key variables defined are mass, stiffness, damping, displacement, velocity, acceleration, force amplitude, natural frequency, and damping ratio. Formulas provided calculate displacement amplitude, amplification factor, phase angle, and transmissibility.

Uploaded by

Fahim Akmal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Forced Vibrations Formula & Notes

Compiled by Luqmaan Hakiem bin Sulaiman (14/1/2018)


Reference: Rao, Mechanical Vibrations 5th Edition

Forced vibration of undamped system

Given
x (t) = A cos 𝑤 t + A sin 𝑤 t
mẍ + kx = F cos wt F
F x (t) = cos wt
k − mw
x(t) = A cos 𝑤 t + A sin 𝑤 t + cos wt
k − mw
X 1
M= =
δ 𝑤
1−
𝑤
Forced vibration of damped system

Given
M ,X occurs when
mẍ + c𝑥̇ + kx = F cos wt dM
= 0;
x (t) = X cos(wt − ϕ) dr
F
X= .
r=r = 1 − 2ζ
[(k − mw ) + (cw) ]
cw if and only if 0 < ζ <
ϕ = tan √
k − mw

Substitute r into M;
1
Not given M =
X 1 2ζ 1 − ζ
M= = .
δ [(1 − r ) + (2ζr) ]
2ζr
ϕ = tan
1−r
Forced damped vibration from base excitation

Given
T , ,X occurs when
mẍ + c(ẋ − ẏ ) + k(x − y) = 0
dT
x (t) = X sin(wt − ϕ) =0;
dr
.
k + (cw) 1 .
X=Y r=r = ( 1 + 8ζ − 1)
(k − mw ) + (cw) 2ζ
𝑚𝑐𝑤 for 0 < ζ < 1
ϕ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
k(k − mw ) + (cw)

T at unity when r = 0 & √2


Not given
.
X 1 + (2ζr)
T = =
Y (1 − r ) + (2ζr)
2ζr
ϕ = tan
1 + (4ζ − 1)r
F = mw X
Forced damped vibration from unbalance force

Given
,X occurs when
Mẍ + cẋ + kx = mew sin wt
d MX 1
x (t) = X sin(wt − ϕ) = 0 ;r = r =
mew dr me 1 − 2ζ
X= .
[(k − Mw ) + (cw) ] if and only if 0 < ζ <
√
𝑐𝑤
ϕ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
k − Mw
Substitute r into ;
MX 1
Not given =
me 2ζ 1 − ζ
MX r
= .
me [(1 − r ) + (2ζr) ]

2ζr
ϕ = tan
1−r

|F| = mew T

c c c w
ζ= = = r=
c 2mw 2√mk w
c
= 2ζw k
m w =
m
F F F r
δ = = =
k mw mw
1. mass, m [kg] 17. total solution, x(t) [m]
2. stiffness, k [N/m] 18. homogeneous/transient solution, xh(t) [m]
3. damping coefficient, c [Ns/m] 19. particular/steady-state solution, xp(t) [m]
4. critical damping coefficient, cc [Ns/m] 20. displacement amplitude, X [m]
5. time, t [s] 21. base displacement, y [m]
6. displacement, x [m] 22. base velocity, ẏ [m/s]
7. velocity, ẋ [m/s] 23. base acceleration, ÿ [m/s2]
8. acceleration, ẍ [m/s2] 24. base displacement amplitude, Y [m]
9. force/excitation amplitude, F [N] 25. displacement transmissibility, Td
10. force/excitation frequency, w [rad/s] 26. transmitted force – base excitation, FT [m]
11. undamped natural frequency, 𝑤 [rad/s] 27. transmitted force – rotating unbalance, |F| [m]
12. frequency ratio, ζ 28. total system mass including eccentric/unbalance mass, M
13. damping ratio, r [kg]
14. amplification factor/magnification factor/amplitude ratio, M 29. eccentric/unbalance mass, m [kg]
15. static deflection, δ [m] 30. eccentricity, e [m]
16. phase angle, ϕ [rad]

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