Report

On
Geotechnical Investigation for the
Proposed Construction of Residential
Building at Vidyaranyapura,
Bangalore
H R GEOTECH ENGINEERING SERVICES Geotechnical Investigation for residential building

TABLE OF CONTENTS

[Link] Contents Page No’s

1 Introduction 3

2 Scope of Work 3

3 Objectives 4

4 Schedule of Investigation 5
5 General Geology and note on 6
seismicity features
6 Water table 7
7 Sub soil profile 7
8 Bearing Capacity Analysis 7

9 Conclusions 9

10 Recommendations 9

11 Precautions 10

12 Special Note 11

13 Remarks 11

REFERENCES

ANNEXURES
(I)BORE LOGS AND LABORATORY TEST RESULTS
(II)APPENDIX SHOWING TYPICAL SBC CALCULATIONS OF SOIL
(III) LOCATION PLAN

2
H R GEOTECH ENGINEERING SERVICES Geotechnical Investigation for residential building

Report on the Geotechnical Investigation for the Proposed Construction of

Residential Building at Vidyaranyapura, Bangalore

1. Introduction

Mr.N Venkataramaiah proposed for the construction of Residential Building at

Vidyaranyapura, Bangalore. Geotechnical Investigation was assigned to M/s.

[Link] Engineering Services, Bangalore in view to furnish the detailed

technical information of the nature of subsoil strata for detailed analysis and

foundation designs.

The report covers the details of tests carried out at the site and recommendation of

SBC based on the field and laboratory tests carried out on the soil samples

collected.

2.0 Scope of Work

The geotechnical investigation at the proposed location has been carried out by

manual auguring 3 bore holes namely BH-1 , BH-2 and BH-3

Scope of geotechnical investigation includes the following:

a) To identify the soil stratification up to a maximum depth of 6m or refusal

strata.

b) To conduct SPT test in boreholes generally at 1.5m and collection of

representative samples.

c) To identify the water table and seepage water if any

d) To conduct the following laboratory test on representative samples:

 Grain Size Analysis

 Natural Moisture Content

 Atterberg‟s Limits

3
H R GEOTECH ENGINEERING SERVICES Geotechnical Investigation for residential building

 Shear Strength Parameters

Compilation of field and laboratory test data and submission of report.

3. Objectives and Scope of Work

3.1 Objectives

The primary objectives of the Geotechnical Investigation are:

 Determination of the nature of the deposits of soil

 Determination of the depth and thickness of the various soil strata and their extent

in the horizontal direction

 The location of ground water and fluctuations in GWT

 Obtaining soil samples from the various strata

 Determination of the engineering properties of the soil strata that affect the

performance of the structure, and

 Determination of the in-situ properties by performing field tests

 To recommend the type and depth of foundation

 To recommend improvements to the weak soil strata, if any.

3.2 Scope of work

The scope of work includes the following field (In-situ) and laboratory tests.

3.2.1 Field (In-situ) Investigations

i) Boring 150mm dia boreholes in all kinds of soils strata using manual

auguring.

ii) Conducting field tests such as Standard Penetration Tests as per IS 2131- 1981

at various depths in the boreholes.

iii) Collection of undisturbed soil samples at specified depths for determination of

cohesion (C) and friction factor () as per IS-2132 - 1986.

4
H R GEOTECH ENGINEERING SERVICES Geotechnical Investigation for residential building

iv) To record the ground water table level if any.

3.2.2Laboratory Testing Procedures

[Link] Physical and Engineering Properties of Soil

The scope of laboratory testing as per the relevant parts of IS: 2720.

3.3 Report

This report comprises of soil profiles, recommendations regarding allowable bearing

capacity, type and depth of foundations and improvement in bearing capacity if any &

submission of report with relevant recommendations.

4.0 Schedule of Investigation

4.1 Method of Field Investigation

4.2 Sampling

From the Standard Penetration tests, disturbed samples have been collected by using split

spoon sampler.

To study the subsoil strata, 3 nos. of 150mm/75mm size dia boreholes were bored using

manual auguring at the specified locations.

Borehole Termination Depth

Borehole Location Depth (m)

BH-1 3.5

BH-2 3.0

BH-3 2.0

4.3 Standard Penetration Tests

Standard Penetration Test (SPT), which is conducted to determine penetration resistance

was conducted in the boreholes using the procedure as described in IS: 2131. In this

method, split spoon sampler (50.8mm OD and 35mm ID) replaces drilling bit and the

5
H R GEOTECH ENGINEERING SERVICES Geotechnical Investigation for residential building

sampler is driven by dropping collar with a free fall of 75cm. The length of the sampler is

60cm. The sampler is first driven through 15cm as a “seating drive “. It is further driven

through 30cm. The number of blows required for drilling the sampler for next 30 cm

beyond seating drive is termed as “penetration resistance,” N”. Respective “N” values are

presented in bore log sheets. The depth at which SPT tests were conducted in each

borehole is shown in respective borelogs.

5.0 General Geology and Note on Seismicity Features

The Soils in and around Bangalore comprise of predominantly red laterite / reddish

brown fine loamy to sandy soils (with clay as interstitial binder) with a wide variation

in overburden thickness. Below top Soil occurs weathered rock exhibiting varying

degree of weathering with degree of weathering generally decreasing with depth.

Further below, major part of Bangalore region is covered by Younger Gneiss complex

representing remobilized parts of an older crust with abundant additions of newer

granitic material. These Gneisses falling within the age group of 3.0 to 2.6 billion years

are confined to the wide belt of gneisses surrounding the Achaean nucleus. This

complex encloses narrow schist belts (Kolar type), largely basaltic in composition and

characterized by gold mineralization. Such are the schist belts of east Karnataka like

those of Kolar, Hutti, Maski and other belts. The gneissic rocks falling within the YGC

are mainly granodioritic and granitic in composition. The bedrocks essentially consist

of granites and gneisses intruded by number of basic dykes.

Seismicity

Bangalore city falls under Zone II of seismic map as per IS: 1893 (Part I) -2002.

Recent earthquakes that occurred close to Bangalore were in the range of 2 to 5.5 in

Richter scale. On January 29, 2001, earthquake magnitude of 4.3 in Richter scale hit in

the Mandya area, with its epicenter about 35km south of Bangalore.
6
H R GEOTECH ENGINEERING SERVICES Geotechnical Investigation for residential building

6.0 Water Table

Water table has not been observed in the borehole location during the field investigation.

7.0 Sub Soil Profile

A two layered sub soil has been observed in the bore holes which consist of Reddish /

Brownish Silty Sand to a depth 1.5m followed by brownish to yellowish / reddish clayey

silty sand with trace gravel up to termination depth.

The „N„values recorded at various depths in the borehole are indicated in respective bore-

log.

8.0 BEARING CAPACITY ANALYSIS

At depths ranging from 1.5 - 3.5m, depending on stratum encountered, in-situ

compactness observed and net SBC calculations have been made based on the

following criteria.

8.1 Net SBC based on shear failure criteria as recommended by IS:6403 -1981

The calculations are based on "TERZAGHI" bearing capacity equation as

recommended by IS: 6403 which takes care of L/B ratio (shape), foundation depth

etc., along with other parameters. The intensity of loading at the base of the

foundation, which would cause shear failure of the soil support, is termed as

ultimate bearing capacity (UBC). The following equation is used to calculate net

ultimate bearing capacity in semi-cohesive soils.

Net UBC = C*Nc*Sc*dc+ γ*D*(Nq-1) *Sq*dq + 0.5* γ*B*Nγ*Sγ*dγ

Net Safe bearing capacity (SBC) is the maximum intensity of loading that the

foundation will safely carry without the risk of shear failure of soil irrespective of

any settlement that may occur. Net Safe bearing capacity can be obtained by

dividing the Net UBC with a factor of safety generally 3.0.

7
H R GEOTECH ENGINEERING SERVICES Geotechnical Investigation for residential building

Net SBC = Net UBC/3.0

SBC = Net SBC +γD

For Typical Safe bearing capacity calculations - Refer Appendix.

4.7.2 Net ABP based on Immediate Settlements

Soil being predominantly Sandy /Silty, and dry consolidation settlements is not

expected to occur. Settlements, if any will be immediate. Hence as advised in IS:

8009 (Part I) code Para 9.1.4, the settlement of footing is estimated for a given

pressure using N value recorded at the designated founding depth by referring to

Fig No 9. Over and above, in standard Geo-technical practices, maximum

allowable settlement is 25mm. Hence net allowable pressure is computed for this

settlement.

Net Allowable Bearing pressure (ABP) is the intensity of the loading, which the

foundation will carry without undergoing settlement in excess of the permissible

value for the structure under consideration but not exceeding the net safe bearing

capacity (SBC). Here, net allowable bearing pressure (ABP) is computed by

referring „N‟ values available from 2m and 3m depth as per IS-8009 (Part 1) on a

conservative basis. As per IS-8009 (Part I), settlement for 1kg/cm2 for various

foundation widths varying from 1m to 6m is available depending on design SPT

„N‟ values. Finally the net allowable bearing pressure is evaluated for 25mm

allowable settlement. Typical calculations are shown in appendix.

9.0 Conclusions

The following conclusions are given based on field and laboratory investigations.

1. The SPT values indicate the soil strata is medium dense to dense in nature

8
H R GEOTECH ENGINEERING SERVICES Geotechnical Investigation for residential building

2. The ground water table was not encountered during the time of investigation

3. Shallow foundations are recommended for the proposed structures

4. Laboratory test results indicate the soils are cohesionless in nature and as per grain

size analysis the soil consists of predominantly sand with silt and clay.

10.0 Recommendations

The following recommendations are made based on the detailed investigation conducted

and the conclusions drawn. The recommendations are restricted to the location around

investigation points only.

10.1 Type of foundation

The structure shall be founded on shallow foundation. This may be isolated footing or

combined footing. It is advisable to go for a raft foundation if the footing area exceeds

50% of the plinth area or it is proposed to have a basement.

10.2 Depth of foundations

It is suggested a minimum depth of 3.0m from natural ground level would be adequate

based on design loads for the proposed type of structure

10.3 Safe bearing capacity

Based on shear failure criteria, the safe bearing capacity and based on settlement criteria

the allowable bearing pressure has been worked out and specimen calculations for the

same is shown in appendix.

The recommended safe bearing capacity has been presented in the following Table.1 for a

conservative design purposes.

9
H R GEOTECH ENGINEERING SERVICES Geotechnical Investigation for residential building

[Link].1. The values of Safe bearing capacity at different depths at the proposed Bore

Hole location.

Width of Safe bearing Safe bearing

Depth of
Bore Hole No. foundation capacity capacity
foundation (m)
(m) (kN/m2) (tons/m2)

1.5 150 15
BH No.1 1.0
3.0 300 30

1.5 250 25
BH No.2 1.0
3.0 300 30

1.5 250 25
BH No.3 1.0
2.0 300 30

11.0 Precautions

a) Profile diagrams should be taken as indicative with regards to soil profile. The

columns should be tied with R.C.C beam at plinth level.

b) If any loose pockets of soil or filled up soil wherever encountered should be

completely removed and back filled with well compacted earth. Thereafter a layer

of 40-50mm size stone aggregates should be rammed into the back filled earth. A

leveling course of lean concrete should then be laid over the aggregate course and

construction of foundation can be taken up subsequently.

c) The stability of foundation against overturning should be checked. While

dimensioning the foundations the factor of safety against overturning should be as

per IS:1904 (1986), art, 17.2

10
H R GEOTECH ENGINEERING SERVICES Geotechnical Investigation for residential building

12. Special note

a) When ever loose pockets of soil are encountered, it may be necessary to increase the

depth of foundations

b) All depth of foundations is given with respect to top of natural ground level.

13. Remarks
1) The recommended safe bearing capacity values are less than computed to take

into account rise of ground water table conditions, effect of eccentric loads if any,

the complexity of soil fabric, texture and soil behavior.

2) Overburden corrections are more relevant for the deeper strata, where effective

overburden pressure is more than 100kN/m2, at which the correction factors tends

to decrease.

3) The φ value is obtained for the corresponding SPT value „N‟ as per the Fig.1 as

given in IS 6403-1981(Reaffirmed 1997) Relationship between friction angle (φ)

and SPT „N‟.

11
H R GEOTECH ENGINEERING SERVICES Geotechnical Investigation for residential building

REFERENCES

1. IS 1498 – 1970 : Classification and identification of soils for general engineering

purposes

2. IS 1892 – 1979: Code of practice for site investigation for foundations

3. IS 2131 – 1981: Method of standard penetration test for soils

4. IS 2720 – 1972 : Methods of tests for soils

5. IS 2911(Part-I) – 1979 : Code of practice for design and construction of pile

foundations.

6. IS 4968 – 1976 : Method of subsurface sounding for soils

7. IS 6403 – 1981: Code of practice for determination of bearing capacity of

shallow foundations

8. IS 8009(Part-I) – 1976 : Code of practice for calculations of settlements of

foundations

9. Taylor D.W : Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New

York

10. Peck R.B, Hanson, W.E, Thornburn T.H : Foundation Engineering, John Wiley

and Sons, Inc, New York

11. Nayak N.V : Foundation Design Manual , Dhanpat Rai and sons, New Delhi

12. Bowles : Foundation Analysis & Design

13. [Link], Ashok Kumar Jain, Arun Kumar Jain : Soil Mechanics and

Foundations, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd.

14. [Link], Foundation Engineering

15. Gopal Ranjan, Rao,A.S.R : Applied Soil Mechanics

12
H R GEOTECH ENGINEERING SERVICES Geotechnical Investigation for residential building

BORE LOGS, SUB- SOIL PROFILE AND

LABORATORY TEST RESULTS

13
 H R GEOTECH ENGINEERING SERVICES Geotechnical Investigation for residential building

BORELOG
Project: GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING AT VIDYARANYAPURA, BANGALORE
Ground Water Table: Not Encountered
BH No. : 1 Date of Commencement and completion: 15/4/2019
th
Location : . #677, 4 Main road, HMT Layout, Vidyaranyapura, Bangalore

DETAILS OF
DEPTH THICKNESS SAMPLING
BELOW SOIL DESCRIPTION OF LEGEND TYPE DEPTH SPT REMARKS
GL (m) STRATA (m) N-VALUE
(m)

1.50 REDDISH / BROWNISH 1.50 DS 0.5

SILTY SAND

3.50 BROWNISH / YELLOWISH 2.00 7/8/9

TO REDDISH CLAYEY SPT 1.50 N = 17
SILTY SAND WITH TRACE
GRAVEL 12/24/36
SPT 3.00 N = 60

Borehole was terminated at a depth of 3.50 m

Note:
SPT - Standard Penetration Test. R – Rebound.
UDS – Undisturbed sample. DS - Disturbed Sample.
CR - Core Recovery.
RQD - Rock Quality Designation.

14
 H R GEOTECH ENGINEERING SERVICES Geotechnical Investigation for residential building

BORELOG
Project: GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING AT VIDYARANYAPURA, BANGALORE
Ground Water Table: Not Encountered
BH No. : 2 Date of Commencement and completion: 15/4/2019
th
Location : . #677, 4 Main road, HMT Layout, Vidyaranyapura, Bangalore

DETAILS OF
DEPTH THICKNESS SAMPLING
BELOW SOIL DESCRIPTION OF LEGEND TYPE DEPTH SPT REMARKS
GL (m) STRATA (m) N-VALUE
(m)

1.50 REDDISH / BROWNISH 1.50 DS 0.5

SILTY SAND

3.00 BROWNISH / YELLOWISH 1.50 12/16/19

TO REDDISH CLAYEY SPT 1.50 N = 35
SILTY SAND WITH TRACE
GRAVEL 25/36/42
SPT 3.00 N = 78

Borehole was terminated at a depth of 3.00 m

Note:
SPT - Standard Penetration Test. R – Rebound.
UDS – Undisturbed sample. DS - Disturbed Sample.
CR - Core Recovery.
RQD - Rock Quality Designation.

15
 H R GEOTECH ENGINEERING SERVICES Geotechnical Investigation for residential building

BORELOG
Project: GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING AT VIDYARANYAPURA, BANGALORE
Ground Water Table: Not Encountered
BH No. : 3 Date of Commencement and completion: 15/4/2019
th
Location : . #677, 4 Main road, HMT Layout, Vidyaranyapura, Bangalore

DETAILS OF
DEPTH THICKNESS SAMPLING
BELOW SOIL DESCRIPTION OF LEGEND TYPE DEPTH SPT REMARKS
GL (m) STRATA (m) N-VALUE
(m)

2.00 BROWNISH / YELLOWISH 2.00

TO REDDISH CLAYEY DS 0.50
SILTY SAND
22/32/42
SPT 1.50 N = 74

Borehole was terminated at a depth of 2.00 m

Note:
SPT - Standard Penetration Test. R – Rebound.
UDS – Undisturbed sample. DS - Disturbed Sample.
CR - Core Recovery.
RQD - Rock Quality Designation.

16
H R GEOTECH ENGINEERING SERVICES Geotechnical Investigation for residential building

APPENDIX – II

LABORATORY TEST RESULTS

Physical Properties:

GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION

BORE DEPTH NMC
SAMPLE
HOLE (m) (%) GRAVEL SAND SILT CLAY
(%) (%) (%) (%)

DS 0.5 7.15 6 74 20

BH1 SPT 1.5 8.12 7 70 23

SPT 3.0 9.14 9 69 22

DS 0.5 9.34 4 78 18

BH2 SPT 1.5 10.67 5 71 24

SPT 3.0 10.23 7 75 18

DS 0.5 9.23 9 63 28
BH3
SPT 1.5 8.85 8 66 26

Atterberg Limits

BORE DEPTH Atterberg Limits

SAMPLE
HOLE (m)
LL(%) PL(%)

BH1 DS 0.5 30 23

BH2 DS 0.5 26 17

BH3 DS 0.5 29 19

17
H R GEOTECH ENGINEERING SERVICES Geotechnical Investigation for residential building

APPENDIX-II
TYPICAL SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS OF SAFE BEARING PRESSURE
QNS BY MEYEROFF’S CORRELATION AND SAFE BEARING CAPACITY
OF SOIL BASED ON SHEAR CRITERIA AS PER IS 6403- 1981

SBC OF SOIL BASED ON SETTLEMENT CRITERIA (25 mm SETTLEMENT)

BH-1, depth = 3.0 m
The calculations are for 1m width of the footing.
qns = 0.05 N Rd1Sa If B< 1.20m
2
qns = 0.033 N Rd2(B+0.30)/B) Sa If B> 1.20m
2
qns = Safe bearing pressure in t/m
Sa = Permissible settlement = 25mm
Rd1= Depth factor = (1+0.2D/B)<1.20
Rd2 = Depth factor = (1+0.33D/B)<1.33
BH-1
For a width B= 1m Depth of footing Df = 3.0 m, Taking N =50, Corrected N for
overburden = Cn N, Cn = 1.18 obtained from [Link] IS 2131- 1981, for an overburden
pressure of 57 kN/m2 at 3.0m depth. , N0 = 1.18x50= 59.4 Rd1 = 1.2
qns = 0.05 x 59 x 1.2 x 25
2
qns = 88.5T/m or 885 kN/m2

Allowable bearing pressure based on „N‟ values from the chart furnished in I.S.8009,
Part I (1976).
For a foundation width of up to 1.0 M for No value of 59 the, net allowable pressure
of 1Kgf/cm2 the settlement is 0.005 m.

Therefore for 25mm settlement linear extrapolation is done.

(1/5) x 25 = 5.0 Kgf/[Link] or 500 kN/m2

However, adopt Safe Bearing Pressure of 300 kN/m2 at 3.0 m depth from the existing
ground surface for the conservative design purpose based on settlement criteria ------- (i)

BASED ON SHEAR CRITERIA AS PER IS 6403 - 1981

BH-1, Depth = 3.0m, 1m wide square footing
Taking C= 0 kN/m2, Ø= 360 γ = 19 kN/m3
B= 1.0m. Df = 3.0m, from natural ground level, Assuming General Shear Failure
For Ø = 360,,Nc=46.12 Nq = 33.3 Nr =48, sc=1.3, sq=1.2, sr=0.8, dc=1.38,
dq=dr=1.19
qsafe = c Nc sc dc+ γ Df (Nq-1) sq dq+ 0.5 γ B Nr sr dr + γ Df
Fs =3
qsafe = 455.8 kN/m2 based on shear criteria ----(ii).However, adopt Safe Bearing Capacity
of 300 kN/m2(lesser of (i) and (ii) ) at 3.0 m depth from the existing ground surface for
the conservative design purpose

18
H R GEOTECH ENGINEERING SERVICES Geotechnical Investigation for residential building

LOCATION PLAN OF BORE HOLES

ROAD

5 feet

10 feet
BH-3

58 feet ROAD

18 feet BH-2

32 feet

12 feet
BH-1

12 feet

34 feet

Fig.1 Location plan of Bore Holes

19