Communication

4. Haptics

- (Latin) Communicare : To Share

- Touch

- A meaningful exchange to a person/group

5. Oculesics

- An activity conveying information through

the exchange of ideas, thoughts, etcetera.

- Eye Contact

6. Paralinguistic

Verbal Communication
- Vocal

- Phonological
• Tone

- Semantic
• Pronunciation

- Pragmatic
• Rate

- Syntactic
• Enunciation

Quality of Verbal Communication

7. Appearance

1. Appropriateness : appropriate language; - Determines the type of person you are

Consideration

- Can be misinterpreted

2. Brevity : simple yet precise; Conciseness

3. Clarity : message should be clear; Mastery of Non Verbal Communication

Clearness
- Importance:

4. Ethics : carefully chosen words; Courtesy 1. You give your audience a preview of you
and Consideration
as a speaker

2. It helps make your speech more

5. Vividness : creative words; Concreteness

dramatic

3. It makes you a credible speaker

Non Verbal Communication

4. It builds connection with your audience

- Spontaneous and Unstructured

5. It serves as a channel

- Emphasizes the message of your speech

1. Kinesics
Elements of Communication

- Facial Expressions
1. Sender : The source of the message
- Gestures

- Body Language
2. Message : The information, ideas, or
thoughts conveyed by the speaker
2. Proxemics

- Distance
3. Encoding : The process of converting
• Intimate Space
message into words, actions, or others
• Social Space

that the speaker understands

• Public Space

- Determines your closeness or relationship

4. Channel : The medium in which the
to the person

encoded message is conveyed

3. Chronemics

- Time
5. Receiver : Recipient of the message
 2. Social Interaction

6. Decoding : The process of interpreting - Allows individuals to interact with each

the encoded message other

7. Feedback : The reaction, response, or 3. Motivation

information provided by the receiver

- Encourages to live better

4. Emotional Expression

8. Context : The environment where

- Facilitates people’s expression of
communication takes place
emotions

9. Barrier : The factors that affect the flow of

communication Models of Communication

1. Shannon Weaver Model

- Mother of all models

Idea
Feedback
- Linear; One way (No feedback)

I Think I React
Channel //

Medium

Receiver
Sender

Encoding
Decoding

I Deliberate I Interpret

Transmission
Receiving

I Throw I Obtain

Barriers of Communication

- Communication will break down if barriers

are not removed
2. Transaction Model

- Cyclical

1. External Barriers

- Noise in the environment

2. Internal Barriers

- Psychological

• Mental/Emotional Pain

- Physiological

• Physical Pain

Intercultural Communication

- Cultural
- Happens when individuals interact while
• Jargons
bringing their own varied cultural
backgrounds

Functions of Communication
- Communication between different nations

1. Control
- Influenced by difference ethnicities,
- Controls behaviour
religion, and sexual orientation

- Lack of knowledge on cultural difference 10. Corporate Cultural Differences

promotes :
- Between companies

• Ethnocentrism : belief of own or own

group is superior than others 11. Proverbs reflect culture

• Stereotyping : generalizing - Proverbs of a country reflect its culture

- Knowledge of cultural difference Development Model of

promotes:
Intercultural Sensitivity

• Tolerance : understanding where people

- Explores how people experience cultural
are coming from
differences

Cultural Differences
STAGE 1 : Denial

In what ways do people differ in culture?

- The individual does not recognize
cultural differences

1. Social Values

- The group’s expectation from its people

STAGE 2 : Defence

- The individual starts to recognize cultural

2. Roles & Status
differences

- How people contribute to society

STAGE 3 : Minimization

3. Decision Making Customs

- The individual banks more on the
- Length of time making a decision
universality (thinking all cultures have
them)

4. Concepts of Time

- Difference in the value of time

STAGE 4 : Acceptance

- The individual begins to appreciate

5. Personal Space
important cultural differences

- Proximity when communicating

STAGE 5 : Adaptation

6. Cultural Context
- The individual is open to world views
- How meaning is conveyed & how people
when accepting new perspectives

convey meaning

STAGE 6 : Integration

7. Behaviour & Manners

- The individual starts to go beyond their

- Concept of what is rude and polite

own cultures

8. Gestures & Body Language

- Non-verbal meaning
Types of Speech Context

- Context : Circumstances

9. Legal & Ethical

- Dependent on the number of participants
- Laws of the land and society
involved in communication

1. Intrapersonal
Topics to Focus On:
- Talking to oneself
1. Quality of Verbal Communication

2. Mastery of Non Verbal Communication

2. Interpersonal
3. Elements of Communication

- Involves two people

4. Barriers of Communication

5. Models of Communication

3. Group Communication
6. DMIS Stages

- Involves three to ten people

7. Functions of Communication

8. Types of Speech Context

4. Public

- Involves eleven and above

5. Mass Communication

- No particular number of people

- Mediated by media

Types of People

in Group Communication

1. Controlling

- Wants to be the only one speaking

2. Egalitarian

- Gives information and allows others to do

the same

3. Structuring

- Follows a systematic order

4. Dynamic

- Encourages all people to speak

5. Relinquishing

- Gives way to others to avoid conflict

6. Withdrawing

- Does not want to participate