Index finger, 30°

Middle finger, 45°

Ring finger, 60°

For sine ratios, count no. of fingers from the thumb, take
the square root and divide by 2
Using fingers to remember
For cosine ratios, count no. of fingers from the little
finger, take the square root and divide by 2

For tangent ratios, count no. of fingers from the thumb

and divide by the no. of fingers from the little finger
remembering to take the square root of both numbers

Graph of y = sin x sin θ

1/2
30° = π/6 cos θ
90° = 1 √3/2
0°, 180°, 360° = 0 The amplitude of the sine or cosine function is
270° = -1 half the difference between the maximum and √1/√3 = √3/3
minimum values of the function tan θ
Amplitude sin θ
The amplitude of y = sin x is 1. √2/2
8.1: Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles 45° = π/4
The amplitude of y = cos x is 1. √2/2
cos θ
√2/√2 = 1
Graph of y = cos x Graphs of y = sin x, y = cos x and y = tan x 8.4: Graphs of Trigonometric Functions tan θ
sin θ
√3/2
cos θ
A function that repeats itself is called a periodic function. 1/2
The length of the interval over which the curve repeats 60° = π/3
itself is called the period. √3/1 = √3
0°, 360° = 1
90°, 270° = 0 tan θ
180° = -1 The period of y = sin x, y = cos x is 360° while y = tan x Period
is 180°
Positive Angles
When OP rotates from the x-axis in ananti-clockwise
direction, the angle θ is a positive angle.
There are many possible angles whose sine (or cosine
or tangent) is the same but a scientific calculator only Negative Angles
has one angle (in degree or radian) called the principal 8.2: General Angles When OP rotates from the x-axis in anclockwise
value direction, the angle θ is a negative angle.

Graph of y = tan x For y = sin x, when -1 ≤ y ≤ 1, the principal 8: Trigonometric Functions and α is always a positive acute angle between the line OP
values of x, or sin^-1 y, are: -90 ≤ sin^-1 y ≤ 90 and the x-axis.
Equations
Angle α α is known as the basic acute angle or the reference
angle
For y = cos x, when -1 ≤ y ≤ 1, the principal Principal values
0°, 180°, 360° = 0
values of x, or cos^-1 y, are: 0 ≤ cos^-1 y ≤ 180
90°, 270° = undefined
There is no minimum and maximum point.
For y = tan x, the principal values of x, or tan^-
1 y, are: -90 ≤ tan^-1 y ≤ 90 Relationship between Trigonometric sin (obtuse angles) = sin (acute angles)
Ratios of Acute and Obtuse angles
cos (obtuse angles) = -cos (acute angles)

tan (obtuse angles) = -tan (acute angles)

cosecant θ = 1 / sin θ

1st quadrant
secant θ = 1 / cos θ
sin θ +, cos θ +, tan θ +
8.7: Cosecant, Secant 8.3: Trigonometric
cotangent θ = 1 / tan θ = cos θ / sin θ Ratios of General 2nd quadrant
and Cotangent ratios sin θ +, cos θ -, tan θ -
Angles

The Quadrant Rule sin θ -, cos θ -, tan θ +

3rd quadrant
sin θ -, cos θ +, tan θ -
4th quadrant
Find α, the basic angle

Find new domain if x in equation is not 1. If x in

equation is 1/2, new domain is divided by 2 the
original. If -50, new domain is -50 the original. 8.8: Trigonometric Equations y = a sin bx + c
a is the amplitude
Draw the quadrants and find the solutions to x. The b affects the period. Period = 360 / b
solutions are found in the 1st quadrant and the 8.5: Further Trigonometric Graphs c is the shifting of the graphs
corresponding trigonometric function where the
quadrant lies. sin is 2nd quadrant, cos - 3rd, tan -
4th