1.

Experiment Procedure
2.1 Description of the experiment components and measuring equipments

The following description refers to the components used in this manual.

Synchronous machine SC 1.0

(Cat. no. 733 07):

The synchronous machine is the heart of the

experiments. It is of a four-pole design with
non-salient pole core rotor and damper
winding. The machine can be used as a
motor or a generator and has the following
rated data:

400/230
Y/ 1.52/2.66 A
V
0.8 kVA/0.8 kW cos 𝜑: 0.8 – 1 – 0.8
1500 rpm 50 Hz
V(Maxi. Exciter) = 220 V I(Maxi. Exciter) = 1.6 A
IP20
Insulation/Temp.:
B/F

The machine is protected against overload

by a thermal circuit-breaker. In the present
experiment the machine is used only as a
generator in star connection.
Excitation voltage controller (Cat.
no. 745 021):

Adjustable power supply with smoothed current

and voltage for supplying power to a
synchronous machine in the power class 0.3
kW or 1.0 kW. Adjustment of the output voltage
can be carried out internally using the
UP/DOWN pushbutton or externally via 4-mm
sockets using switching contacts, TTL-level or
24 V DC. The setting direction is indicated by
two yellow LED's.
When the synchronous machine is run up
asynchronously, it is not necessary to short
circuit the excitation winding.
 Output voltage U: 0...200 V
 Output current I: max. 2,5 A
 The output is overload-proof and
short-circuit-proof.
 Supply voltage: 230 V, 50/60 Hz
Manual Synchronisation (Cat. no.
745 05):

Manual synchronization unit to synchronize a

generated 3 phase voltage to the mains,
regarding the following conditions:
 The field’s rotation direction
 Voltage amplitudes
 Frequencies
 Voltage difference (Zero-Volt-
Indication)
 Phase shift conditions

 Line mains input L1, L2, L3 and N

 Synchronous machine/Generator mains
input L’1, L’2, L’3
 Synchronization lamps
 Synchronization switch (0 = OFF, 1 = ON)
 Unit’s main switch
 Mains voltage and frequency display (U1
and f1)
 Synchronous machine/Generator
voltage and frequency display (U2 and
f2 )
 Zero-Volt indicator ΔU
 Synchronoscope
 Indicators for the directions of the
rotating fields (left: Mains, right:
generator)

Technical data
U max = 3 x 400 V
U’max = 3 x 400 V
fnom = 50/60 Hz
Imax = 8 A
Pendulum machine 1.0/2.0 (Cat. no.
732 68)
The pendulum machine is DC shunt wound
machine with integrated torque recording
which can be used in generator operation or in
drive operation as drive machine with torque
measurement. The machine can also be used
for the determination of the efficiency by the
measurement of the torques being transmitted
between the driving machine and the
synchronous machine. In conjunction with the
control unit, a four-quadrant operation with
energy recovery to the three-phase network
can be realized.

The pendulum machine has the following rated

data:

Mains: 230 V 50/60 Hz

Output: 1 V/3 Nm Braking torque: 22 Nm

1 … 2 kW 8.5 A
1500 … 3000 rpm
V(Maxi. Exciter) = 200 V I(Maxi. Exciter) = 0.7 A
IP20
Insulation/Temp.: B/F

The machine is protected against overloads by

a thermal circuit-breaker and by a separate
ventilation.
 12
26

13
14

15
25
16

19 18
27 24
17

20
23 22 21

Control unit for pendulum machine 1.0/2.0 (Cat. no. 732 695)
The control unit serves to supply voltage to the exciter winding and armature winding of the pendulum machine. The
microprocessor-controlled device is designed for the following operating modes:
- Automatic digital torque control
- Automatic digital speed control
- Non-controlled operation
- Automatic recording of load characteristics
- Automatic recording of run-up characteristics
- External operation

In the present experiment only the closed-loop speed-controlled modus in isolated operation will be made use of. If the
generator is to be coupled to the mains, then select the operating mode "uncontrolled operation".
For a detailed description of all the device's various functions please refer to the instruction sheet of the control unit.
Additional instructions, which are of particular interest for conducting the experiments here, can be found in the
experiment descriptions.

(1): Connection power supply 3 x 400 V/ 50/60 Hz

(2): Fixed voltage output for the excitation of the pendulum machine 200 V / 1 A DC
(3): Variable armature voltage and armature current supply for the pendulum machine -300 V … +300 V / -20 A … +20
A DC
(4) 4 – digit 7-segment display for indicating speed, torque and malfunction codes. The value displayed depends on the
operating mode and the operating condition.
(5): Pushbuton for the display of the speed limit (InMINI)
(6): Pushbuton for the display of the speed limit (InMAXI)
(7): Rocker switch for modifying the reference variable (REFERENCE VARIABLE)
(8): Display changeover (DISPLAY)
(9): 2 – quadrant operation (MOTOR OPERATION ONLY)
(10): Operating mode changeover switch (MODE)
(11): Changeover switch INTERN/EXTERN
(12): On/off switch for the control electronics
(13): The rocker switch for starting the automatic recording of the characteristic, as well as for the interruption of any
given operating state.
(14): Torque input (MIN)
(15): Extern control input (EXTERN)
(16): Analog speed input (na IN)
(17): Digital speed input (nd IN)
(18): Temperature monitoring of the pendulum machine under test (𝜗𝐵𝑅𝐴𝐾𝐸 )
(19): Temperature monitoring of the machine under test (𝜗𝑀𝑈𝑇 )
(20): RESET
(21): Analog speed output (nOUT)
(22): PEN-LIFT output
(23): Analog torque output (MOUT)
(24): 4 – quadrant display
(25): Serial output (SERIAL OUT)
(26): Fuse, control electronics T0.315
(27): Fuse, excitation of the pendulum machine T1.0
Incremental Tacho 1.0 (Cat. no. 732
592)

For registering the speed of electrical machines

in the 1.0 kW power class.
The TTL-compatible signals A, B and REF are
accessible via 4-mm sockets. 1024 pulses at A
or B corresponds to a mechanical angle of
rotation of 360 degrees. The signals A and B
are phase-shifted by 90 degrees for the
determination of the shaft's rotation direction.
The REF-pulse is generated
1 x per shaft revolution.

The universal speed indicator is needed for the

power supply and display.

 Connection via 6-pole DIN socket

 Speed: max. 10,000 rpm
 Increments: 1024 pulses/360 degrees
 Contained in scope of delivery:
Connection cable, 6-pole, L = 1.5 m
Resistive load 1.0 (Cat. no. 733 10):

The load is designed for three-phase and

consists of three variable resistors R = 0 - 1000
Ω each containing a series resistor R = 22 Ω. The
series resistors can be loaded to a maximum 2.5
A and are correspondingly protected. The load
on the rotary rheostats depends on the setting of
the knob. At the far left limit a continuous current
can amount to a maximum of 0.35 A and at the
far right limit a maximum of 2.5 A. The
continuous load for the settings in between can
be derived linearly from the end values and the
position of the knob.
The individual resistors of the load can be
connected in either delta or star configuration. In
the experiments carried out here only the star
connection is made use of.
Inductive load 0.1/0.3/1.0 (Cat. no.
732 42):

This component is also designed as a three-

phase load and consists of three individual
inductances with taps. The following values can
be tapped:
0.2H - 0.4H - 0.6H (max. load 0.65 A each),
0.8H - 1.0H - 1.2H (max. load 0.50 A each) and
2.4H - 4.8H - 6.0H (max. load 0.25 A each).

The individual inductances of the load can be

connected in delta or star connection. Only the
star configuration will be used in the experiments
found here.
Capacitive load (Cat. no. 733 11):

This load is also three-phase and consists of

three discrete groups of capacitors. The
following values (and their combinations) can be
connected:
2 μF- 4 μF- 8 μF – 16 μF.
The capacitance values 2μF and 4μF are
designed for 450 V AC. The capacitance values
8 μF and 16 μF are designed for 400 V AC.
The individual capacitances of the load can be
connected in delta or star connection. In the
experiments carried out here only the star
connection is used.
Three-Phase Supply Unit with FCCB
(Cat. no. 726 75):
This training panel is part of the modular TPS
training panel system and permits the tree-phase
power supply of experiment setups. The training
panel is also equipped with a protective power
circuit breaker.

Furthermore, there is additional fault-current

circuit breaker 30 mA for protection against
leakage and creepage currents.

: Phase control lamps L1, L2, L3, N

: Connection socket L1, L2; L3, N
: Mains switch
: Fault current circuit breaker 30 mA
: Motor circuit breaker 6…10 A
: Connection socket PE
 Power Meter (Cat. no.727 11):
The instrument is used to measure active and reactive power
in an electrical circuit. The active power may be measured
within the operational limits of the power meter regardless of
the shape of the current or voltage curve. For reactive power
measurements, the voltage must be sinusoidal and its
frequency must be 50 Hz.

Meanings of numbers
(1): Mains switch
(2): Voltage range switch
(3): Measurement mode switch
Top switch position: active power in W
Bottom switch position: reactive power in var
(4): Current range switch: 0.1 A to 30 A in six meas. ranges
(5): Override indication for voltage range
(6): Override indication for current range
(7): Graphical symbol
(8): Scale with triple decimal division
(9): Potential-free connection cable, may be used as + 15 V
carrier line to other experimental boards
(10): Measurement range table with multiplication factors for
measured value display
(11): LED display for reactive power display in the case of a
inductive load
(12): LED display for reactive power display in the case of a
capacitive load
(13): Connection for voltage path
(14): Connection for current path
(15): Common input jack
(16): Potential-free connection cables, may be used as 0 V or
– 15 V carrier lines respectively to other boards
13

12 Technical data:
14 Internal resistance:
constant
Current path: 10 mΩ
15 Voltage path: 10 MΩ
Power ranges: 36
From 0.3 W (var) to 30 kW (kvar)
Frequency range: Active power: 0 … 20 kHz
16
Reactive power: 50 Hz sin
Voltage ranges: 6
3; 10; 30; 100; 300; 1000 Vrms
Crest factor 2
Current ranges: 6
0.1; 0.3; 1; 3; 10; 30 Arms
Crest factor 2
Instrument: Moving coil meter 1 mA, 180 Ω
Class 1.5
Zero left
Dual scale 0 to 3, 0 to 10
2% error band width: 0 to 20 kHz
Service voltage: 110/130 V, 230/240 V, 50 Hz
Power consumption: approx. 30 mA at 220V

Safety notes: use safety cables only. Disconnect mains power

plug before opening unit and ensure that the mains voltage
setting is correct.
Power Factor Meter (Cat. no.727 12):
The instrument is used to measure the phase angle 𝜑,
as a measurement for the time displacement of voltage
and current on an electrical load. Here, these two
variables produce active power and reactive power.
When voltage and current exhibit a sinusoidal
progression, the cosine of the phase angle 𝜑 is a
measurement for the power factor λ.

Meanings of numbers
: Mains switch
: Connection for the voltage path
: Common input jack
: Moving-coil meter 1 mA/70 Ω, 𝜑 /cos, 𝜑 graduation,
inductive and capacitiev , grade 2.0.
: Potential-free connection cable, may be used as
15V carrier line to other experimental boards.
: Connection for current path
: Same connection as , for simplified plug-in
connection of line from mains and load.
: Potential-free connection-cable, may be used as 0 V
carrier line to other experimental boards.
: As with  and , may be used as – 15 V carrier line
to other experimental boards.
Technical data:
Internal resistance:
constant
Current path: 10 mΩ
Voltage path: 10 MΩ
Measurement range:
cos 𝜑 : 0 cap - 1 - 0 ind.
Phase angle 𝜑: 90° cap. – 0 – 90° ind.
Power range: 0.3 V – 30 kVA
Voltage range: 3 – 1000 V
Current range: 0.1 A – 30 A
Frequency range: 20 Hz – 2 kHz
Measurement accuracy: 3% of full scale value

Moving coil, class 2.0

Zero center

Dual scale cos 𝜑

Phase angle 𝜑
Service voltage: 110/130 V, 230/240 V, 50/60 Hz
Power consumption: approx. 35 mA at 220 V

Safety notes: use safety cables only. Disconnect mains

power plug before opening unit and ensure that the
mains voltage setting is correct.
Moving Iron Meter (Cat. no.727 32):

 Moving iron ammeter.

 Front frame: 144 x 144 mm
 Class: 1.5
 Measurement ranges: 0 - 2.5 A