Scribd
Upload
3K views

STRUCTURE of A SWITCH - Data Communication and Networking

The document discusses different types of switches used in circuit-switched and packet-switched networks. It describes the structure of circuit switches, including space-division and time-division switches. For packet switches, it covers multistage switches, which combine multiple crossbar switches to reduce the number of crosspoints needed compared to a single crossbar switch. It also discusses time-slot interchange switches used in time-division switching and how time- and space-division technologies are combined in time-space-time switches.

Uploaded by

rajesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3K views

STRUCTURE of A SWITCH - Data Communication and Networking

The document discusses different types of switches used in circuit-switched and packet-switched networks. It describes the structure of circuit switches, including space-division and time-division switches. For packet switches, it covers multistage switches, which combine multiple crossbar switches to reduce the number of crosspoints needed compared to a single crossbar switch. It also discusses time-slot interchange switches used in time-division switching and how time- and space-division technologies are combined in time-space-time switches.

Uploaded by

rajesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Data Communication and Networking

HOME UNIT-1 UNIT-2 UNIT-3 UNIT-4 UNIT-5 UNIT-6 UNIT-7 INSTAGRAM 1 INSTAGRAM 2 ABOUT

STRUCTURE OF A SWITCH
We use switches in circuit-switched and packet switched networks. In this section, we discuss the structures of the switches
used in each type of network.

Topics discussed in this section:


Structure of Circuit Switches
Structure of Packet Switches

Structure of Circuit Switches


Circuit switching today can use either of two technologies: the space-division switch or the time-division switch.
Space-Division Switch
In space-division switching, the paths in the circuit are separated from one another spatially.
This technology was originally designed for use in analog networks but is used currently in both analog and digital networks.
Follow by Email
Time-Division Switch
Time-division switching uses time-division multiplexing (TDM) inside a switch. The most popular technology is called the time-
Email address...
slot interchange (TSI).

Crossbar Switch
Blog Archive
A crossbar switch connects n inputs to m outputs in a grid, using electronic microswitches (transistors) at each crosspoint.
The major limitation of this design is the number of crosspoints required. ▼ 2017 (1)
▼
To connect n inputs to m outputs using a crossbar switch requires n x m crosspoints. ▼ January (1)
▼
Such a switch is also inefficient because statistics show that, in practice, fewer than 25 percent of the crosspoints are in use HOME
at any given time. The rest are idle.

Crossbar switch with three inputs and four outputs

Multistage Switch
The solution to the limitations of the crossbar switch is the multistage switch, which combines crossbar switches in
several (normally three) stages.
In a single crossbar switch, only one row or column (one path) is active for any connection. So we need N x N
crosspoints.
If we can allow multiple paths inside the switch, we can decrease the number of crosspoints. Each crosspoint in the
middle stage can be accessed by multiple crosspoints in the first or third stage.

Multistage switch
Note
In a three-stage switch, the total
number of crosspoints is
2kN + k(N/n)2
which is much smaller than the number of
crosspoints in a single-stage switch (N2).

Drawback
The multistage switch has one drawback-blocking during periods of heavy traffic:
Blocking refers to times when one input cannot be connected to an output because there is no path available
between them-all the possible intermediate switches are occupied.
In a single-stage switch, blocking does not occur because every combination of input and output has its own
crosspoint; there is always a path.
Clos investigated the condition of nonblocking in multistage switches and came up with the following formula. In a
nonblocking switch, the number of middle-stage switches must be at least 2n - 1. In other words, we need to have
k >2n - 1.

Note
According to the Clos criterion:
n = (N/2)1/2
k > 2n – 1
Crosspoints ≥ 4N [(2N)1/2 – 1]

Time-Division Switch
A multistage switch that uses the Clos criteria and a minimum number of crosspoints still requires a huge number of
crosspoints.
For example, to have a 100,000 input/output switch, we need something close to 200 million crosspoints (instead
of 10 billion). The number can be reduced if we accept blocking.
Time-division switching uses time-division multiplexing (TDM) inside a switch. The most popular technology is
called the timeslot interchange (TSI).

Time-Slot Interchange
A TSI consisting of random access memory (RAM) with several memory locations.
The size of each location is the same as the size of a single time slot. The number of locations is the same as the
number of inputs.
The RAM fills up with incoming data from time slots in the order received.Slots are then sent out in an order based
on the decisions of a control unit.

Time-slot interchange

Time- and Space-Division


Switch Combinations
We combine space-division and time-division technologies to take advantage of the best of both. Combining the two results in
switches that are optimized both physically (the number of crosspoints) and temporally (the amount of delay). Multistage
switches of this sort can be designed as time-space-time (TST) switch.

Time-space-time switch

Packet switch components

Input port

Output port

A banyan switch
Examples of routing in a banyan switch

No comments:

Post a Comment

Enter your comment...

Comment as: sillarajeshh@g Sign out

Publish Preview Notify me

Home

Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)

Anti Adblock

2017 Prashant K Moroliya. Simple theme. Theme images by enot-poloskun. Powered by Blogger.

You might also like