TPS202x/3x and TPS204x/5x

USB Power Distribution

Application
Report

1998 Mixed-Signal Products

SLVA049
 IMPORTANT NOTICE

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 Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
TPS202x/3x and TPS204x/5x Power Distribution Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
USB Power Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
USB Power Distribution for Self-Powered Hubs (Including Hosts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Self-Powered Hub Port Protection Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Ganged Port Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Individual Port Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Output Capacitance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Ferrite Beads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Transient OC Pin Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Self/Bus Powered Hybrid Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

List of Figures
1 Maximum Voltage Drops and Droops on the USB Power Distribution System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 Self Powered Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 Simplified Ganged Port Protection Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4 TPS2024 in a Ganged Port Protection Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5 Four-Port Ganged Hub Using 33 µF Tantalum Electrolytic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6 Four-Port Ganged Hub Using 100 µF Aluminum Capacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7 Simplified Individual Port Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8 TPS2044 in a Individual Port Protection USB Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9 TPS2044 Four Port Hub Using 33 µF Tantalum Output Capacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
10 TPS2044 Four Port Hub Using 100 µF Aluminum Electrolytic Output Capacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
11 R-C Filter for the OC Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
12 Self/Bus Powered Hybrid Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

List of Tables
1 Texas Instruments Power Distribution Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Voltage Droop Results for a Ganged Port Protected Self-Powered Hub Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3 Voltage Droop Results in Individual Port Protected Self-Powered Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4 Output Capacitors Used in Testing Voltage Droop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5 Ferrite Beads Used in Testing Voltage Droop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

TPS202x/3x and TPS204x/5x USB Power Distribution iii

iv SLVA049
 TPS202x/3x and TPS204x/5x USB Power Distribution

ABSTRACT
The USB specification, revision 1.1, defines the power distribution requirements for the
self-powered hubs (including hosts), bus-powered hubs, and functions. This application
report demonstrates how Texas Instruments power management products meet or
exceed voltage regulation, voltage droop, and EMI requirements in the USB power
distribution system.

Introduction
The Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface is a 12-Mb/s or 1.5-Mb/s, multiplexed
serial bus for low to medium bandwidth PC peripherals (e.g., keyboards, printers,
scanners, and mice). The four-wire USB interface provides dynamic
attach-detach (hot plug-unplug) of peripherals. Two lines are provided for
differential data and two lines are provided for 5-V power distribution.
USB data is a 3.3-V level signal, but power is distributed at 5 V to allow for voltage
drops in cases where power is distributed through more than one hub. Each
function must provide its own regulated 3.3 V from the 5-V input or from its own
internal power supply.
The USB specification defines the following five classes of devices, each
differentiated by power consumption requirements:
• Bus-powered hubs
• Self-powered hubs
• Low power, bus-powered functions
• High power, bus-powered functions
• Self-powered functions
Self-powered and bus-powered hubs distribute data and power to downstream
functions. This application report describes power distribution solutions for both
types of hubs and functions.

1
TPS202x/3x and TPS204x/5x Power Distribution Switches

TPS202x/3x and TPS204x/5x Power Distribution Switches

Texas Instruments offers a variety of power switch devices for USB applications:
the TPS202x, TPS203x, TPS204x, and the TPS205x. All devices are high-side
switches with built-in overcurrent protection that includes open-drain, active-low
overcurrent flag output for overcurrent reporting. The switches provide power
switching and maintenance-free fault protection; they are controlled by 3.3-V and
5-V logic level compatible enables. For added flexibility in interfacing with hub
controllers, the devices are available in active-low or active-high enables.
The TPS202x (active-low) and TPS203x (active-high) families of devices are
50-mΩ high-side N-channel MOSFET switches that are offered at different
current limit levels. The TPS202x/3x families are ideal for ganged-port protected
power distribution system topologies.
The TPS2041/2/4 and TPS2051/2/4 series of devices are 135-mΩ high-side
N-channel MOSFET switches rated for a fixed continuous current of 0.5 A with
typical current limit of 0.9 A. The TPS204X series differs in the number of power
switches available in each packaged device: TPS2041 (Single), TPS2042 (Dual),
TPS2044 (Quad). The TPS2041 series is ideal for individual port protection of
one-port (TPS2041), two-port (TPS2042), or four-port (TPS2044) topologies.
The TPS204X devices are enabled with an active-low 3-V or 5-V logic enable.
The TPS2042 and TPS2044 devices incorporate a dual thermal trip to allow fully
independent operation of the dual power distribution switches. In over-current or
short-circuit conditions, the junction temperature rises. Once the die temperature
rises to an internal set trip point, the thermal sense circuitry determines which
switch is in an over-current condition and turns that power switch off, isolating the
fault without interrupting operation of the adjacent power switch. The second
thermal trip point is a higher temperature point that turns off both switches.
Active-high versions are also available: TPS2051, TPS2052, and TPS2054 as
single, dual, and quad power switches. Table 1 lists characteristics of the
TPS20xx family of devices.
Table 1. Texas Instruments Power Distribution Switches
TI NO. OF ON CONTINUOUS
PART NUMBER SWITCHES ENABLE LOGIC RESISTANCE CURRENT CURENT LIMIT

TPS2041 Single Active-low 135 mΩ 0.5 A 0.9 A

TPS2051 Single Active-high 135 mΩ 0.5 A 0.9 A
TPS2042 Dual Active-low 135 mΩ 0.5 A 0.9 A
TPS2052 Dual Active-high 135 mΩ 0.5 A 0.9 A
TPS2044 Quad Active-low 135 mΩ 0.5 A 0.9 A
TPS2054 Quad Active-high 135 mΩ 0.5 A 0.9 A
TPS2022† Single Active-low 50 mΩ 1.0 A 1.5 A
TPS2032† Single Active-high 50 mΩ 1.0 A 1.5 A
TPS2023† Single Active-low 50 mΩ 1.5 A 2.2 A
TPS2033† Single Active-high 50 mΩ 1.5 A 2.2 A
TPS2024† Single Active-low 50 mΩ 2.0 A 3.0 A
TPS2034† Single Active-high 50 mΩ 2.0 A 3.0 A
† Product Preview, release 1Q99

2 SLVA049
 Definitions

Definitions
Bus-powered hub – Bus-powered hubs (BPH) obtain all power from
upstream ports and often contain a nonremovable function. One typical BPH
application is a keyboard. The total current drawn by a BPH is the sum of the
hub controller current, nonremovable function, and downstream port and is
no greater than 500 mA or 5 unit loads. Each port must distribute 1 unit load.
Current limit – USB specification requires SPHs to limit current to
downstream ports and report over-current conditions to the controller.
Downstream port – A port that is electrically further from the host and
generates downstream data traffic from the hub.
Dynamic attach and detach – To attach or remove devices while host is in
operation (hot-plug, unplug event).
High-power, bus-powered function – All power to these devices comes
from the upstream port. Its current draw can be 1 unit load before
configuration and up to 5 unit loads after configuration.
Host – The host computer system where the USB host controller is installed.
Inrush current – The current surge into uncharged downstream input
capacitors.
Low-power, bus-powered function – All power to these devices comes
from the upstream port. Its current draw is less than 1 unit load.
Power Switching – USB specification requires BPHs to power switch
downstream ports to limit aggregate current draw of the controller, function,
and ports to less than 100 mA before enumeration.
Self-powered function – May draw up to 1 unit load from the upstream port.
The remainder of power is provided from a local power supply.
Self-powered hub – Self-powered hubs (SPH) have a local power supply
that power nonremovable functions and the downstream ports. Typical
self-powered hubs are PCs, monitors, printers, and stand alone hubs. The
SPH is required to have current limit and report overcurrent conditions. The
SPH must be able to supply 5 unit loads to all external downstream ports even
when the hub is in a suspended state. A battery-powered SPH may configure
for 1 unit load or 5 unit loads of output current per port.
Unit load – One unit load is 100 mA.
Upstream port – The port on a device that is electrically closer to the host
and generates upstream data traffic from the hub.
USB – Universal Serial Bus
Voltage droop – The momentary drop in voltage under transient load
conditions.
Voltage regulation – The difference in DC voltage levels under continuous
load and no-load conditions.

TPS202x/3x and TPS204x/5x USB Power Distribution 3

USB Power Distribution

USB Power Distribution

The USB power distribution requirements are designed so that 4.35 V is the
minimum voltage supplied to downstream functions. The USB power distribution
system is supplied power from a host or self-powered hub and distributed
downstream. Resistive voltage drops are associated with each connection, PCB
trace, cable, or other component on the power distribution system.
USB specification 1.1 dictates the minimum voltages on the downstream ports
of the self-powered hubs, bus-powered hubs, and on a downstream function
when operating in continuous load current states and transient states during
hot-plug events (see Figure 1).
The minimum dc voltage on self-powered hubs at the board side of the
connection is 4.75 V; it is 4.4 V on a bus-powered hub. Bus-powered hubs are
allowed a 100-mV voltage drop leaving a 250-mV voltage drop for the cable.
During hot-plug connections, the self-powered hub voltage is allowed to drop
330 mV to 4.42 V and 4.07 V on the bus-powered hub. Downstream functions
should have a dc voltage of 4.35 V. All hubs and functions must be able to provide
configuration information with a minimum voltage of 4.4 V at the connector end
of the upstream cables.
The specification also dictates that all downstream devices (self-powered hubs,
bus-powered hubs, bus-powered functions, and self-powered functions) can only
sink (draw) current from the source voltage. All USB downstream devices must
be able to enter into the suspend state to reduce current consumption. Suspend
current is a function of unit load allocation. All devices initially default to low power
and are limited to 500 µA of suspend current. Devices configured for high power
and enabled as a wake up source may draw 2.5 mA. Configured bus-powered
hubs may consume 500 µA of suspend current per port and 500 µA for the hub
and nonremovable function for a total of 2.5 mA. When determining the suspend
current, the current through the pull-up (1.5 kΩ) and pull-down (15 kΩ) resistors
on the data lines must be included. Figure 1 summarizes the voltage drops and
droops in the USB power distribution system.

Host Low-Power
Bus-Powered
or Bus-Power
Hub
Self-Powered Hub Function

4.75 V/4.42 V 4.4 V/4.07 V 4.35 V

Minimum Minimum Minimum

Figure 1. Maximum Voltage Drops and Droops on the USB Power Distribution System

4 SLVA049
 USB Power Distribution for Self-Powered Hubs (Including Hosts)

USB Power Distribution for Self-Powered Hubs (Including Hosts)

Self-powered hubs (SPH) have a local power supply that powers nonremovable
functions and the downstream ports (Figure 2). The hub must supply 5.25 V to
4.75 V on the board side of the downstream connection under full-load and
no-load conditions and is required to have current limit and report overcurrent
conditions to USB software. Typical SPHs are desktop PCs, monitors, printers,
and stand alone hubs.
Power for the hub controller may be supplied by the local power supply or by the
upstream voltage bus for loads up to 100 mA. The advantage of using the power
from the upstream port is that communication to the hub controller is possible and
the distinction between an unconnected and unpowered device can be made.
Most hub controllers use 3.3-V supply voltage, and a low drop-out (LDO) voltage
regulator is needed to regulate the 5-V bus voltage to 3.3 V.
The number of downstream ports supported by self-powered hubs is limited by
the current the local power supply can support and by safety concerns. Each port
must be capable of supplying 5 unit loads and must limit current when the
aggregate current drawn exceeds 5.0 A. The current limit should exceed the
continuous current level of 500 mA by enough to ensure that dynamic-attach
events and startup currents do not trip the overcurrent protection. Figure 2 shows
a typical SPH.
Upstream Data Port
Hub Controller
TUSB2070
LDO TUSB2040
Regulator TUSB2140
Upstream TPS7133 Downstream Data Port
Voltage Bus TPS7233
1 Unit Load (max)
LDO
Regulator Nonremovable
TPS7133 Function
TPS7233

On/Off Current Limit

TPS2041/51
TPS2042/52 500 mA/Port Downstream
TPS2044/54 Voltage Bus
TPS2022/23/24
TPS2032/33/34

On/Off Current Limit

TPS2041/51
Local TPS2042/52 500 mA/Port Downstream
Power TPS2044/54 Voltage Bus
Supply TPS2022/23/24
TPS2032/33/34

Figure 2. Self Powered Hub

TPS202x/3x and TPS204x/5x USB Power Distribution 5

Self-Powered Hub Port Protection Topologies

Self-Powered Hub Port Protection Topologies

The self-powered hub power distribution system can be designed with two
distinct topologies for port protection: individual port protection or ganged port
protection. The ganged port protection is the most economical and the least
flexible topology for fault isolation.
The ganged topology uses a common current limit element for two or more ports.
In a ganged solution, more current flows through the current limit device. The
resistance of the current limit device must be low, so as not to exceed the
maximum voltage drop limit under full operating conditions. Fault isolation is
another limitation of a ganged solution. To isolate the fault in a ganged solution,
power will be interrupted to the adjacent port. This may not be desirable in some
USB applications. An individual port protection topology provides a more robust
configuration and a better end-user experience.
The individual port protection is the most flexible topology for fault isolation in the
USB power distribution system. The individual port protection topology uses
current limit elements for each port, making isolating faults with minimal
interruption to the adjacent ports possible.

Ganged Port Protection

When designing a ganged topology a low-resistance switch is needed to
minimize voltage drop in the hub, because current for all downstream ports
passes through the current limit device (see Figure 3). The TPS202x power
switches are low 50-mΩ devices with current limit and overcurrent response flag
as required in USB self-powered hubs. The current limit level of the devices has
been optimized for ganged two (TPS2022), three (TPS2023), and four
(TPS2024) port protection topologies.
The TPS2022 is ideal for a two-port ganged solution; it is rated for a continuous
current of 1 A and has a current limit of 1.5 A. Using ferrite beads with a resistance
of 10 mΩ or less, a two-port TPS2022 ganged port solution can be designed with
5.05 V ±3% power supply with up to 88 mΩ of trace resistance on the higher
current path. If more trace resistance is required, use the following equation to
calculate the required source voltage for a tighter tolerance power supply.

V PS + 4.75 V ) n 0.5 A ǒR TRACE ) RSWITCHǓ ) 2 0.5 A R BEAD

n + number of ports
R SWITCH + 50 mW

In a manner similar to the two-port ganged protection solution, a three- or four-

port ganged solution can be designed with the TPS2023 or TPS2024 devices,
respectively. By using the above equation, the right power supply can be
calculated for a specific number of ports, power switches, and trace resistances.
VPS is the minimum voltage of the power supply at full load over the temperature
range and line regulation. The output voltage of the hub must be greater than
4.75 V and no greater than 5.25 V over all legal load conditions on the upstream
side of the connector.

6 SLVA049
 Self-Powered Hub Port Protection Topologies

R(TRACE) R(SWITCH) L1

+
POWER I(T) I(1) 4.75 V
SUPPLY
L2
–

L3

+
I(2) 4.75 V
L4
–

L5

+
I(3) 4.75 V
L6
–

L7

+
I(4) 4.75 V
L8
–

Figure 3. Simplified Ganged Port Protection Topology

The typical voltage droop on a two-, three- and four-ganged port self-powered
hub was measured using different types (e.g. tantalum and aluminum) and values
of output capacitors with the legal USB hot plug load of 10 µF and 44 Ω. Tantalum,
aluminum electrolytic, and ceramic capacitors were used for the 10-µF load
capacitors to investigate the effect on the drooping. The 10-µF ceramic capacitor
resulted in the largest output voltage droop and the aluminum electrolytic gave
the smallest droop. Typical USB applications use aluminum electrolytic
capacitors of 10 µF or less, and voltage droop results will be shown using a 10-µF,
50-V capacitor. Voltage droop on the hub output varied with the length of cable
and the equivalent series resistance of the load and output capacitors. Figure 4
shows the TPS2024 in a ganged-port protection topology, and Table 2 lists
voltage droop results for a ganged topology. Figure 5 shows scope traces for a
four port ganged hub using 33-µF tantalum capacitors, and Figure 6 shows the
same data using 100-µF aluminum electrolytic capacitors.

TPS202x/3x and TPS204x/5x USB Power Distribution 7

Self-Powered Hub Port Protection Topologies

TPS2024

GND OUT
IN OUT
Local IN OUT
Power EN OC
Supply

Figure 4. TPS2024 in a Ganged Port Protection Topology

Table 2. Voltage Droop Results for a Ganged

Port Protected Self-Powered HubTopology
GANGED 33 µF 47 µF 68 µF 100 mF ALUMINUM
2 120 230
3 120 150
4 110 100

Ch. 1

Ch. 2

Figure 5. Four Port Ganged Hub Using 33 µF Tantalum Capacitors

8 SLVA049
 Self-Powered Hub Port Protection Topologies

Ch. 1

Ch. 2

Figure 6. Four-Port Ganged Hub Using 100 µF Aluminum Electrolytic

Individual Port Protection
Individual port protection has two advantages over ganged port protection in the
USB power distribution system: individual port fault isolation, and better voltage
droop performance. In a ganged-port protection system, a fault on a single port
will interrupt service to an adjacent port. In an individual port protection system,
a fault can be isolated without interruption to the adjacent ports. Also, individual
port protection provides better voltage droop performance by the resistive
isolation of the power switches between ports, reducing charge sharing and
voltage droop during hot plug events.
The TPS2042 is an ideal device for a two-port hub requiring an individual port
protection solution; the device is rated for a continuous current of 0.5 A per switch
with a typical current limit of 0.9 A. The TPS2042 also features independent
thermal protection for each switch, which disables the switch in overcurrent when
an over temperature condition occurs. A two-port hub can be designed with up
to 71 mΩ of trace resistance on the higher current path using a 5.05-V ±3% power
supply and two ferrite beads on each port with a resistances of 10 mΩ or less. If
more trace resistance is needed, a tighter tolerance power supply should be
used.
V PS+ 4.75 V ) n 0.5 A R TRACE ) 0.5 A R SWITCH )2 0.5 A R BEAD

n + number of ports
R SWITCH + 135 mW

Using the above equation the power supply tolerance can be calculated for a
three- and four-port individually protected hub using the TPS204x power switch
devices. The tolerance of the power supply must be such that the voltage will not
exceed 5.25 V or drop below 4.75 V over all conditions. The same 10-µF/44-Ω
USB load was used for the voltage droop test on the individually protected part.
Figure 7 shows a simplified individual port protection schematic, and Figure 8
shows the TPS2044 in an individual port protection USB application.

TPS202x/3x and TPS204x/5x USB Power Distribution 9

Self-Powered Hub Port Protection Topologies

R(TRACE) R(SWITCH) L1

+
POWER I(T) I(1) 4.75 V
SUPPLY
L2
–

R(SWITCH) L3

+
I(2) 4.75 V
L4
–

R(SWITCH) L5

+
I(3) 4.75 V
L6
–

R(SWITCH) L7

+
I(4) 4.75 V
L8
–

Figure 7. Simplified Individual Port Protection

TPS2044

GND1
GND2 OUT1
Local IN1 OUT2
Power
IN2 OUT3
Supply
OUT4

EN1 OC1
EN2 OC2
EN3 OC3
EN4 OC4

Figure 8. TPS2044 in an Individual Port Protection USB Application

10 SLVA049
 Self-Powered Hub Port Protection Topologies

Table 3 lists the voltage droop in an individual port protected SPH. Figures 9 and
10 show scope traces of the TPS2044 four-port hub using 33-µF tantalum and
100-µF aluminum electrolytic output capacitors respectively.
Table 3. Voltage Droop Results in Individual
Port Protected Self-Powered Hub
VOLTAGE DROOP on a SELF-POWERED HUB
GANGED 33 µF 47 µF 68 µF 100 mF ALUMINUM
2 110 150
3 100 140
4 100 90

Ch. 1

Ch. 2

Figure 9. TPS2044 Four-Port Hub Using 33 µF Tantalum Output Capacitors

Ch. 1

Ch. 2

Figure 10. TPS2044 Four-Port Hub Using 100 µF Aluminum Electrolytic Output Capacitors

TPS202x/3x and TPS204x/5x USB Power Distribution 11

Self-Powered Hub Port Protection Topologies

Output Capacitance
A minimum of 120-µF low equivalent-series-resistance (ESR) output
capacitance is required per hub (i.e., a four-port hub can use a minimum of
33 µF per port) to bypass the Vbus power lines. The hot plug droop voltages
should be considered when choosing the type of capacitor. The ESR of the output
capacitor affects the Vbus voltage droop during hot plugging when the maximum
allowable USB load of 10 µF in parallel with 44 Ω, or a high-power bus-powered
device, transitions from low-power mode to high-power mode. The cable length
and load capacitor ESR determines the peak inrush current and the maximum
voltage droop.
For low voltage applications, solid tantalum capacitors take up less physical
space for the same capacitance and voltage rating than aluminum electrolytic
capacitors, and do not suffer from electrolyte dry out, which limits the life
expectancy of aluminum electrolytic capacitors. To meet the USB specification,
tantalum capacitors as low as 33 µF, 47 µF, and 68 µF can be used in four-, three-,
and two-port hubs, respectively. If through-hole components are preferred for the
output capacitors, 100-µF aluminum electrolytic capacitors with less than 1 Ω of
ESR can be used to meet the voltage droop requirement. Table 4 summarizes
the data for capacitors used to test voltage droop.
Table 4. Output Capacitors Used in Testing Voltage Droop
VALUE ESR AT 100 kHz CAPACITOR TYPE PART NUMBER MANUFACTURER
33 µF 0.90 Tantalum 293D336X0010D2T Vishay Sprague
47 µF 0.70 Tantalum 293D476X0010D2T Vishay Sprague
68 µF 0.70 Tantalum 293D686X0010D2T Vishay Sprague
100 µF 0.46 HFQ Radial Aluminum Electrolytic ECA-1AFQ101 Panasonic

Ferrite Beads
Ferrite beads should be used in series with each Vbus, ground, and data line to
reduce EMI and voltage droop during hot-plug events. Table 5 lists the ferrite
beads used in the testing of the TPS20xx parts. The ferrite beads that were used
have low dc resistance that has minimal impact on voltage regulation.
Table 5. Ferrite Beads Used in Testing Voltage Droop
IMPEDANCE (Ω) DC RESISTANCE FERRITE BEAD PART NUMBER MANUFACTURER
AT 100 MHz (mΩ)
80 10 Ferrite bead surface mount ACB-1812-5.0A Associated Components Technology
80 0.9 Ferrite bead surface mount SMB40 Allied Components
95 0.9 Ferrite bead surface mount 2743037447 Fair-Rite

Transient OC Pin Response

The hot-plug connection of the legal USB load of a 10-µF and 44-Ω load to an
enabled power switch device may cause a false overcurrent response when the
inrush current flows through the device, charging the down stream capacitor. An
RC filter must be connected to the OC pin shown in Figure 11 to reduce the
erroneous OC responses. Also, using low ESR, large value, electrolytic
capacitors on the output of the devices reduces the pulse width or eliminates the
false OC response by minimizing the current flow through the device during the
hot-plug events, thereby providing a lower impedance energy source.

12 SLVA049
 Self-Powered Hub Port Protection Topologies

The pulse width of the erroneous OC response is typically less than 200 µs
without an output capacitor on the device when hot plugging a 10-µF aluminum
electrolytic capacitor. If the hot-plug load is greater than 10-µF, the OC pulse width
will be greater. Since the OC response is dependent on the many components
in the power distribution, it is recommended to test the power distribution system
with only a pullup resistor to determine the necessary filter to attenuate the glitch.
Once the pulse width of the glitch is known, the filter resistance and capacitance
values can be calculated using the equation below. For most applications 0.5 to
1 ms is sufficient. As a precautionary note, the pullup resistance should not be
so large as to cause a false overcurrent response at startup when the hub
controller voltage reaches its final voltage well before the OC pin voltage.
Tfilter + Rfilter Cfilter (1)
Tstartup + (Rpullup ) Rfilter ) Cfilter
V(pullup)

R(FILTER)
TPS2042
R(FILTER) Voc
GND OC1 To USB Controller

IN OUT1
C(FILTER)
EN1 OUT2

EN2 OC2

Figure 11. R-C Filter for the OC Pin

Self/Bus Powered Hybrid Hub

Many available self-powered hubs are designed to switch to bus-powered mode
when local power is not available. The TPS2041 and TPS2021 can be used in
the upstream vbus power line, as shown is Figure 12, to prevent power flow
upstream. A disable signal should be used to turn off the power switch when the
local power supply is present.

TPS202x/3x and TPS204x/5x USB Power Distribution 13

Self-Powered Hub Port Protection Topologies

Upstream Data Port

Hub Controller
TUSB2070
TUSB2040
Power
TUSB2140
Switch
Upstream Downstream Data Port
TPS2041
Voltage Bus
1 Unit Load (max)
On/Off LDO
Regulator Nonremovable
TPS7133 Function
TPS7233

On/Off Current Limit

TPS2041/51
TPS2042/52 500 mA/Port Downstream
TPS2044/54 Voltage Bus
TPS2022/23/24
TPS2032/33/34

On/Off Current Limit

TPS2041/51
Local TPS2042/52 500 mA/Port Downstream
Power TPS2044/54 Voltage Bus
Supply TPS2022/23/24
TPS2032/33/34

Figure 12. Self/Bus Powered Hybrid Hub

14 SLVA049
 Summary

Summary
Texas Instruments power management products meet or exceed voltage regulation,
voltage droop, and EMI requirements in the USB power distribution system.

TPS202x/3x and TPS204x/5x USB Power Distribution 15