Exam 2: Solutions

Problem 1. Use the chain rule to find ∂u∂z and ∂v∂z if z = x2y3 +x sin y,
x = u2, y = uv.

Solution.
∂z ∂z ∂x ∂z ∂y
= ∂x ∂u + ∂y ∂u = (2xy3 + sin y)(2u) + (3x2y2 + x cos y)v
∂u
= (2u2u3v3 + sin(uv))(2u) + (3u4u2v2 + u2 cos(uv))v
= 4u6v3 + 2u sin(uv) + 3u6v3 + u2v cos(uv)
= 7u6v3 + 2u sin(uv) + u2v cos(uv).
∂z ∂z ∂x ∂z ∂y
= ∂x ∂v + ∂y ∂v = (2xy3 + sin y) · 0 + (3x2y2 + x cos y)u
∂v
= (3u4u2v2 + u2 cos(uv))u = 3u7v2 + u3 cos(uv).

Problem 2. Find the directional derivative of f (x, y, z) = x2y3 +

√ − −→ −→ −→ xz at (1, 2, 3) in
the direction of a = 5 j + k .
−→
Solution. The unit vector in the direction of a is
u= a = 5 →− + 1 →−
→−

→− a √
j √
k.
k→−k 26 26
Then
→− − r − · →−
√
D u f (1, 2, 3) = f (1, 2, 3) u

√
z
= 2xy3 + √ −→ 2 2−→ √x −→ i + 3x y j
2 x (1,−2,3)
+2zk
· √26 →− + √26→−

5 j 1 k
→− + !
= ( −16 + 2
)→− + 12 2√ 3 →− · √26 →− + √26 →−
√3
i j 1 k 5 j 1 k
60 1
= √ + √ . 26
2 78

Problem 3. Find the equation of the tangent plane to the surface

z = x2y at the point (1, 2, 2).
1
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Solution. The equation of the tangent plane to the surface z = f

(x, y) at the point (x0, y0, z0) is

z = z0 + fx(x0, y0)(x − x0) + fy(x0, y0)(y − y0).

We have fx(x, y) = 2xy, fy(x, y) = x2, fx(1, 2) = 2 · 1 · 2 = 4, fy(1, 2) =
12 = 1. Thus, the tangent plane is z = 2 + 4(x − 1) + 1(y − 2), i.e.,
z = 4x + y − 4.

Problem 4. The temperature, T , at a point in space is given by T (x,

y, z) = 400xyz2 degrees Celsius. Use the Lagrange multiplier method
to find the highest temperature on the sphere x2 + y2 + z2 = 1.

Solution. The problem is to maximize T (x, y, z) = 400xyz2 which

is subject to the constraint g(x, y, z) = x2 + y2 + z2 − 1 = 0. The
Lagrange equations Tx = λgx, Ty = λgy, Tz = λgz become 400yz2 =
2λx, 400xz2 = 2λy, 800xyz = 2λz. Eliminating λ from these
equations, we obtain
200 yz2 200xz2
= = 400xy.
x y
(Note that z 6= 0, otherwise it follows from the Lagrange equations that x
= y = z = 0 which is impossible for the given constraint.) The first of the
two equations above gives x2 = y2, and the second one gives z2 = 2y2.
From the constraint equation we obtain y2 +y2 +2y2 = 1, i.e.,
4y2 = 1. Thus y = 1
2
or y = − 1 . Correspondingly, x =
2
1
2
or x = − 1 ,
2

√2 √2
and z = or z = 2 . The maximal value of the temperature
2 −2 2 2
T (x, y, z) on the sphere x + y + z = 1 is therefore
11 √ 1 1 √ 2
2
! 2

T 2 ,2 , 2 = 400 · 2 · 2 · 2 ! = 50 (degrees Celsius).

Problem 5. Find the volume of the solid in the first octant

enclosed by z = 4 − y2, z = 0, x = 0, y = x, and y = 2.
Solution. The projection of the solid onto the xy-plane is the (tri-
angle) domain D bounded by the lines x = 0, y = x, and y = 2. It can
be described by the inequalities 0 ≤ y ≤ 2, 0 ≤ x ≤ y. Therefore the
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volume of the solid is

ZZ Z Z
V = D(4 − y2) dA = 0 2 0 y(4 − y2) dx dy
2 2

Z
= Z 0 x(4 − y2)|xy=0 dy = 0 y(4 − y2) dy
2 y4 2
3 2
= Z 0 (4y − y ) dy = 2y − 4 0

= 8 − 4 = 4.
2
2 √ 4−x 2 2
)
Problem 6. Evaluate R R e−(x +y dy dx by converting to an
−2 0
equivalent integral in polar coordinates.
Solution. The domain of integration D is described in rectangular
√
coordinates as −2 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ 4 − x2. Thus, D is an upper half
of the disk of radius 2 centered at the origin. In polar coordinates, D
can be described as 0 ≤ θ ≤ π, 0 ≤ r ≤ 2. Thus,
2 √ 4−x2 π 2

ZZ
Z Z e−(x2+y2) dy dx = e−r2 r dr dθ
−2 0 0 0
= −2
Z
0
π Z
0 e−r
2 d(−r2) dθ
1 2

dθ
= −2 Z
π e−r r=0
1 2 2

0
= −2
Z
0
π (e−4 − 1) dθ = −2(e−4
− 1) · π
1 1

π
−4
= 2 (1 − e ).
1
RR
2

Problem 7 (extra credit). Evaluate cos(x2) dx dy by convert-

0 2y
ing to an equivalent integral with order of integration reversed.
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Solution. The domain of integration D is described as a type II

domain by 0 ≤ y ≤ 1, 2y ≤ x ≤ 2. It can be easily seen that D is a
triangle bounded by the lines y = 0, x = 2y, and x = 2. The domain
D is described also as a type I domain by 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ x2 .
Therefore,
x
Z
1
Z
2 cos(x2) dx dy = ZZ
2 2
cos(x 2) dy dx =
2
Z
y cos(x2) y2=0 dx

0 2y 0 0 0
= Z0
22 cos(x2) dx = 4 Z0
2 2x cos(x2) dx

x 1

2 2 2
= 4 2 cos(x ) d(x ) = 4 sin(x ) 0 = 4 .
Z

10 1 2 sin 4