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Graphs and Shapes

This document provides an overview of key concepts for graphing equations, solving problems involving equations and inequalities, calculating perimeter, area and volume of shapes, and performing transformations. It emphasizes the importance of coordinates when graphing, carefully reading instructions which may be tricky, and identifying characteristics of shapes and transformations like mirror lines, centers of rotation, and scale factors. Care is needed to avoid mistakes like using incorrect coordinates or misunderstanding question requirements.

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Phan Thiên Khôi
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67 views3 pages

Graphs and Shapes

This document provides an overview of key concepts for graphing equations, solving problems involving equations and inequalities, calculating perimeter, area and volume of shapes, and performing transformations. It emphasizes the importance of coordinates when graphing, carefully reading instructions which may be tricky, and identifying characteristics of shapes and transformations like mirror lines, centers of rotation, and scale factors. Care is needed to avoid mistakes like using incorrect coordinates or misunderstanding question requirements.

Uploaded by

Phan Thiên Khôi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EQUATIONS AND THEIR GRAPHS

Note: Coordinates are the key. Wrong coordinates (-3 instead of 3) is a huge problem

1. GRAPHING (sketching graphs):


- Linear graph (y=ax+b)
- Hyperbola graph (y= ax3 + bx2+ cx + d)
- Parabola graph (y=ax2 + bx + c)
- Trigonometric graphs : y = a sin (bx + c) / y = a cos (bx + c) / y = a tan (bx + c)
2. PROBLEM SOLVING:
- Completing tables of values.
- Find root = solve the equations, root = x = ? (calculate delta if showing work is required)
- Which one is which? (matching graphs vs equations)
- From given graphs, find equations : substitute coordinates of random point on the graph
with x, y in the equation.
- Horizontally and vertically shift the graphs
- Find the turning point (vertex) and determine it is the maximum or minimun point:
convert the given equation to y=(x+p)2 + q. Turning point coordinate = (-p;q)
- Using graphs to solve equations.Ex: Use the graph of y = x2 – x + 2 to solve equation x2 –
x + 2 = 9 which means find the intersection of y = x2 – x + 2 and y=9. (2 underline equations
match each other.)
Note: Carefully read the instruction. Sometimes it’s a bit tricky. The equation of given
graphs may not match with equations of question.
- Find amplitute, period, phase shift from a given graph of equation
Note: when working with trigonometry, check your calculator if it is set at RAG mode
or not.
INEQUALITIES
Note: Be carefull. Which one is a fixed line? Which one is a dash line?

Problems solving:
- Linear programming
- Shading the area that satisfy two or more inequalities
- Pick some points that satisfy two or more inequalities

PERIMETER – AREA – VOLUME OF COMMON SHAPES


Including shpere, right circular cylinder, cone, square, cube, rectangle, parallelogram,
trapezium, circle, hemisphere…
Note:
- Clearly identify how many surfaces the shape posesses.
- Sometimes we have to apply Pythagorean theorem, some trigonometric skills or some
other geometric knowledge to solve.
- Read the instruction carefully. Sometimes 2 different shape have the same
volume/area… using this point as an key to solve to question.

TRANSFORMATIONS
Including translation, rotation, reflection, enlargement, reduction, sketch, shear

Problem solving:
- Translations: find vector
- Rotation: find angle of rotation, direction and center.
- Reflection: find mirror line (symmetry line)
- Enlargement, reduction: find scale factor and center.
- Sketch, shear: find scale factor, invariant line.
All these things above are combined in question: Describe fully transformation.
Note: mirror line is dash line.
Note: carefully count the number of squares in the grid to identify the location of
objects of images.
Note: Be careful with sketch and shear. They are a bit confusing.
Note: Using a transparent ruler to identify centers of transformations.

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