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Surface Methodologies

The document describes using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) to analyze the effect of reaction time, sulfuric acid concentration, and temperature on the weight percent gain (WPG) and percent acetyl content (PAC) of an acetylation process. RSM and CCD were used to develop, improve, and optimize the process. The results for WPG and PAC from experiments will be shown along with the full design matrix from CCD. Equations to calculate WPG and PAC are also provided.

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Kers Celestial
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12 views

Surface Methodologies

The document describes using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) to analyze the effect of reaction time, sulfuric acid concentration, and temperature on the weight percent gain (WPG) and percent acetyl content (PAC) of an acetylation process. RSM and CCD were used to develop, improve, and optimize the process. The results for WPG and PAC from experiments will be shown along with the full design matrix from CCD. Equations to calculate WPG and PAC are also provided.

Uploaded by

Kers Celestial
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design of experiments on acetylation process using response surface methodology (RSM) and central

composite design (CCD)

The effect and interaction of reaction time, concentration of sulfuric acid as catalyst and
temperature of reaction over two observed responses: weight percent gain (WPG) and percent acetyl
content (PAC) was analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). Response Surface Methodology
(RSM) is a collection of statistical and mathematical techniques useful for developing, improving, and
optimizing processes. Consequently, results of WPG and PAC that will be obtained from the laboratory
will be shown together with the complete design matrix of the Central Composite Design (CCD).

Weight percent gain and percentage acetylation determination

Weight gain represents the increase in the weight of the pretreated pineapple leaves when it is
disperse in glacial acetic acid as compared to the weight of the initial pretreated pineapple leaves. This is
necessary in order to determine the efficiency of the acetylation of the cellulose extracted from
pineapple leaves. After the completion of acetylation process, the acetylated pineapple leaves will
thoroughly wash to remove odor and any possible soluble impurities that may have accompanied the
reaction process and it was then dried in an oven to constant weight.

The weight percent gain was calculated using Equation 1.

Wfinal− Winitial
Weight Percent Gain (WPG) = Winitial
𝑥 100%

Where Wfinal is the weight of the oven dried acetylated pineapple leaves and Winitial is the
weight of the oven-dried pretreated pineapple leaves before acetylation.

Percent acetylation is the percentage of the acetyl group that has replaced the hydroxyl group in
the pretreated sample based on titrimetric procedure. The percent acetyl content was calculated using
Equation 2.

(B,cm3)−(S,cm3)x N x 4.305
%Acetylation= W
x 100%

Where B is volume of blank titration; S is volume of sample titration; N is 0.5, the molar
concentration of both the acid and base used for the titration; 4.305 is related to the molecular weight
of the acetyl group, the unit conversion from litres to millilitres, and fraction to percentage; W is the
sample weight in grams.

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