SIXTH SENSE MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED

Software Requirements Specification (SRS)

Items that are intended to stay in as part of your document are in bold;Plain text
is used where you might insert wording about your project.

The document in this file is an annotated outline for specifying software

requirements, Guide to Software Requirements Specifications

Page 1 of 19 f
 SIXTH SENSE MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED

(Project Title)
(Team Name and Number)
(Team Members)

Software Requirements Specification

Document

Version: (n) Date: (mm/dd/yyyy)

Page 2 of 19 f
 SIXTH SENSE MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

1.1 Purpose
1.2 Scope
1.3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations
1.4 References
1.5 Overview

2. The Overall Description

2.1 Product Perspective

2.1.1 System Interfaces
2.1.2 Interfaces
2.1.3 Hardware Interfaces
2.1.4 Software Interfaces
2.1.5 Communications Interfaces
2.1.6 Memory Constraints
2.1.7 Operations
2.1.8 Site Adaptation Requirements
2.2 Product Functions
2.3 User Characteristics
2.4 Constraints
2.5 Assumptions and Dependencies
2.6 Apportioning of Requirements

3. Specific Requirements

3.1 External interfaces

3.2 Functions
3.3 Performance Requirements
3.4 Logical Database Requirements
3.5 Design Constraints
3.5.1 Standards Compliance
3.6 Software System Attributes
3.6.1 Reliability
3.6.2 Availability
3.6.3 Security
3.6.4 Maintainability

Page 3 of 19 f
 SIXTH SENSE MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED

3.6.5 Portability
3.7 Organizing the Specific Requirements
3.7.1 System Mode
3.7.2 User Class
3.7.3 Objects
3.7.4 Feature
3.7.5 Stimulus
3.7.6 Response
3.7.7 Functional Hierarchy
3.8 Additional Comments

4. Change Management Process

5. Document Approvals

6. Supporting Information

Page 4 of 19 f
 SIXTH SENSE MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED

1. Introduction

The following subsections of the Software Requirements Specifications (SRS) document

should provide an overview of the entire SRS. The thing to keep in mind as you write this
document is that you are telling what the system must do – so that designers can ultimately
build it. Do not use this document for design!!!

1.1 Purpose

Identify the purpose of this SRS and its intended audience. In this subsection, describe the
purpose of the particular SRS and specify the intended audience for the SRS.

1.2 Scope

In this subsection:
(1) Identify the software product(s) to be produced by name
(2) Explain what the software product(s) will, and, if necessary, will not do
(3) Describe the application of the software being specified, including relevant benefits,
objectives, and goals
(4) Be consistent with similar statements in higher-level specifications if they exist

This should be an executive-level summary. Do not enumerate the whole requirements list
here.

1.3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations.

Provide the definitions of all terms, acronyms, and abbreviations required to properly
interpret the SRS. This information may be provided by reference to one or more appendices
in the SRS or by reference to documents. This information may be provided by reference to an
Appendix.

1.4 References

In this subsection:
(1) Provide a complete list of all documents referenced elsewhere in the SRS
(2) Identify each document by title, report number (if applicable), date, and publishing
organization
(3) Specify the sources from which the references can be obtained.

Page 5 of 19 f
 SIXTH SENSE MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED

This information can be provided by reference to an appendix or to another document. If your

application uses specific protocols or RFC’s, then reference them here so designers know
where to find them.

1.5 Overview

In this subsection:
(1) Describe what the rest of the SRS contains
(2) Explain how the SRS is organized

Don’t rehash the table of contents here. Point people to the parts of the document they are
most concerned with. Customers/potential users care about section 2, developers care about
section 3.

2. The Overall Description

Describe the general factors that affect the product and its requirements. This section does
not state specific requirements. Instead, it provides a background for those requirements,
which are defined in section 3, and makes them easier to understand. In a sense, this section
tells the requirements in plain English for the consumption of the customer. Section3 will
contain a specification written for the developers.

2.1 Product Perspective

Put the product into perspective with other related products. If the product is independent
and totally self-contained, it should be so stated here. If the SRS defines a product that is a
component of a larger system, as frequently occurs, then this subsection relates the
requirements of the larger system to functionality of the software and identifies interfaces
between that system and the software. If you are building a real system,compare its similarity
and differences to other systems in the marketplace. If you are doing a research-oriented
project, what related research compares to the system you are planning to build.

A block diagram showing the major components of the larger system, interconnections, and
external interfaces can be helpful. This is not a design or architecture picture. It is more to
provide context, especially if your system will interact with external actors. The system you
are building should be shown as a black box. Let the design document present the internals.

The following subsections describe how the software operates inside various constraints.

2.1.1 System Interfaces

Page 6 of 19 f
 SIXTH SENSE MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED

List each system interface and identify the functionality of the software to accomplish the
system requirement and the interface description to match the system. These are external
systems that you have to interact with. For instance, if you are building a business application
that interfaces with the existing employee payroll system, what is the API to that system that
designer’s will need to use?

2.1.2 Interfaces

Specify:
(1) The logical characteristics of each interface between the software product and its users.
(2) All the aspects of optimizing the interface with the person who must use the system

This is a description of how the system will interact with its users. Is there a GUI, a command
line or some other type of interface? Are there special interface requirements? If you are
designing for the general student population for instance, what is the impact of ADA
(American with Disabilities Act) on your interface?

2.1.3 Hardware Interfaces

Specify the logical characteristics of each interface between the software product and the
hardware components of the system. This includes configuration characteristics. It also
covers such matters as what devices are to be supported, how they are to be supported and
protocols. This is not a description of hardware requirements in the sense that “This program
must run on a Mac with 64M of RAM”. This section is for detailing the actual hardware
devices your application will interact with and control. For instance, if you are controlling X10
type home devices, what is the interface to those devices? Designers should be able to look
at this and know what hardware they need to worry about in the design. Many business type
applications will have no hardware interfaces. If none, just state “The system has no
hardware interface requirements” If you just delete sections that are not applicable, then
readers do not know if: a. this does not apply or b. you forgot to include the section in the
first place.

2.1.4 Software Interfaces

Specify the use of other required software products and interfaces with other application
systems. For each required software product, include:
(1) Name
(2) Mnemonic
(3) Specification number
(4) Version number
(5) Source

Page 7 of 19 f
 SIXTH SENSE MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED

For each interface, provide:

(1) Discussion of the purpose of the interfacing software as related to this software product
(2) Definition of the interface in terms of message content and format

Here we document the APIs, versions of software that we do not have to write, but that our
system has to use. For instance if your customer uses SQL Server 7 and you are required to
use that, then you need to specify i.e.
2.1.4.1 Microsoft SQL Server 7. The system must use SQL Server as its database component.
Communication with the DB is through ODBC connections. The system must provide SQL data
table definintions to be provided to the company DBA for setup.

A key point to remember is that you do NOT want to specify software here that you think
would be good to use. This is only for customer-specified systems that you have to interact
with. Choosing SQL Server 7 as a DB without a customer requirement is a Design choice, not
a requirement. This is a subtle but important point to writing good requirements and not
over-constraining the design.

2.1.5 Communications Interfaces

Specify the various interfaces to communications such as local network protocols, etc. These
are protocols you will need to directly interact with. If you happen to use web services
transparently to your application then do not list it here. If you are using a custom protocol to
communicate between systems, then document that protocol here so designers know what to
design. If it is a standard protocol, you can reference an existing document or RFC.

2.1.6 Memory Constraints

Specify any applicable characteristics and limits on primary and secondary memory. Don’t just
make up something here. If all the customer’s machines have only 128K of RAM, then your
target design has got to come in under 128K so there is an actual requirement. You could also
cite market research here for shrink-wrap type applications “Focus groups have determined
that our target market has between 256-512M of RAM, therefore the design footprint should
not exceed 256M.” If there are no memory constraints, so state.

2.1.7 Operations

Specify the normal and special operations required by the user such as:
(1) The various modes of operations in the user organization
(2) Periods of interactive operations and periods of unattended operations
(3) Data processing support functions
(4) Backup and recovery operations

Page 8 of 19 f
 SIXTH SENSE MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED

(Note: This is sometimes specified as part of the User Interfaces section.) If you separate this
from the UI stuff earlier, then cover business process type stuff that would impact the design.
For instance, if the company brings all their systems down at midnight for data backup that
might impact the design. These are all the work tasks that impact the design of an
application, but which might not be located in software.

2.1.8 Site Adaptation Requirements

In this section:
(1) Define the requirements for any data or initialization sequences that are specific to a given
site, mission, or operational mode
(2) Specify the site or mission-related features that should be modified to adapt the software to a
particular installation

If any modifications to the customer’s work area would be required by your system, then
document that here. For instance, “A 100Kw backup generator and 10000 BTU air
conditioning system must be installed at the user site prior to software installation”.
This could also be software-specific like, “New data tables created for this system must be
installed on the company’s existing DB server and populated prior to system activation.” Any
equipment the customer would need to buy or any software setup that needs to be done so
that your system will install and operate correctly should be documented here.

2.2 Product Functions

Provide a summary of the major functions that the software will perform. Sometimes the
function summary that is necessary for this part can be taken directly from the section of the
higher-level specification (if one exists) that allocates particular functions to the software
product.

For clarity:
(1) The functions should be organized in a way that makes the list of functions understandable to the
customer or to anyone else reading the document for the first time.
(2) Textual or graphic methods can be used to show the different functions and their relationships.
Such a diagram is not intended to show a design of a product but simply shows the logical
relationships among variables.

AH, Finally the real meat of section 2. This describes the functionality of the system in the
language of the customer. What specifically does the system that will be designed have to
do? Drawings are good, but remember this is a description of what the system needs to do,
not how you are going to build it. (That comes in the design document).

2.3 User Characteristics

Page 9 of 19 f
 SIXTH SENSE MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED

Describe those general characteristics of the intended users of the product including
educational level, experience, and technical expertise. Do not state specific requirements but
rather provide the reasons why certain specific requirements are later specified in section 3.

What is it about your potential user base that will impact the design? Their experience and
comfort with technology will drive UI design. Other characteristics might actually influence
internal design of the system.

2.4 Constraints

Provide a general description of any other items that will limit the developer's options. These
can include:

(1) Regulatory policies

(2) Hardware limitations (for example, signal timing requirements)
(3) Interface to other applications
(4) Parallel operation
(5) Audit functions
(6) Control functions
(7) Higher-order language requirements
(8) Signal handshake protocols (for example, XON-XOFF, ACK-NACK)
(9) Reliability requirements
(10) Criticality of the application
(11) Safety and security considerations

This section captures non-functional requirements in the customers language. A more formal
presentation of these will occur in section 3.
2.5 Assumptions and Dependencies

List each of the factors that affect the requirements stated in the SRS. These factors are not
design constraints on the software but are, rather, any changes to them that can affect the
requirements in the SRS. For example, an assumption might be that a specific operating
system would be available on the hardware designated for the software product. If, in fact,
the operating system were not available, the SRS would then have to change accordingly.

This section is catch-all for everything else that might influence the design of the system and
that did not fit in any of the categories above.
2.6 Apportioning of Requirements.

Identify requirements that may be delayed until future versions of the system. After you look
at the project plan and hours available, you may realize that you just cannot get everything

Page 10 of 19 f
 SIXTH SENSE MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED

done. This section divides the requirements into different sections for development and
delivery. Remember to check with the customer – they should prioritize the requirements
and decide what does and does not get done. This can also be useful if you are using an
iterative life cycle model to specify which requirements will map to which interation.

3. Specific Requirements

This section contains all the software requirements at a level of detail sufficient to enable
designers to design a system to satisfy those requirements, and testers to test that the system
satisfies those requirements. Throughout this section, every stated requirement should be
externally perceivable by users, operators, or other external systems. These requirements
should include at a minimum a description of every input (stimulus) into the system, every
output (response) from the system and all functions performed by the system in response to
an input or in support of an output. The following principles apply:

(1) Specific requirements should be stated with all the characteristics of a good SRS
 correct
 unambiguous
 complete
 consistent
 ranked for importance and/or stability
 verifiable
 modifiable
 traceable
(2) Specific requirements should be cross-referenced to earlier documents that relate
(3) All requirements should be uniquely identifiable (usually via numbering like 3.1.2.3)
(4) Careful attention should be given to organizing the requirements to maximize readability
(Several alternative organizations are given at end of document)

Before examining specific ways of organizing the requirements it is helpful to understand the
various items that comprise requirements as described in the following subclasses. This
section reiterates section 2, but is for developers not the customer. The customer buys in
with section 2, the designers use section 3 to design and build the actual application.

Remember this is not design. Do not require specific software packages, etc unless the
customer specifically requires them. Avoid over-constraining your design. Use proper
terminology:
The system shall… A required, must have feature
The system should… A desired feature, but may be deferred til later
The system may… An optional, nice-to-have feature that may never make it to
implementation.

Page 11 of 19 f
 SIXTH SENSE MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED

Each requirement should be uniquely identified for traceability. Usually, they are numbered
3.1, 3.1.1, 3.1.2.1 etc. Each requirement should also be testable. Avoid imprecise statements
like, “The system shall be easy to use” Well no kidding, what does that mean? Avoid
“motherhood and apple pie” type statements, “The system shall be developed using good
software engineering practice”

Avoid examples, This is a specification, a designer should be able to read this spec and build
the system without bothering the customer again. Don’t say things like, “The system shall
accept configuration information such as name and address.” The designer doesn’t know if
that is the only two data elements or if there are 200. List every piece of information that is
required so the designers can build the right UI and data tables.

3.1 External Interfaces

This contains a detailed description of all inputs into and outputs from the software system. It
complements the interface descriptions in section 2 but does not repeat information there.
Remember section 2 presents information oriented to the customer/user while section 3 is
oriented to the developer.

It contains both content and format as follows:

 Name of item
 Description of purpose
 Source of input or destination of output
 Valid range, accuracy and/or tolerance
 Units of measure
 Timing
 Relationships to other inputs/outputs
 Screen formats/organization
 Window formats/organization
 Data formats
 Command formats
 End messages

3.2 Functions

Functional requirements define the fundamental actions that must take place in the software
in accepting and processing the inputs and in processing and generating the outputs. These
are generally listed as “shall” statements starting with "The system shall…

These include:

Page 12 of 19 f
 SIXTH SENSE MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED

 Validity checks on the inputs

 Exact sequence of operations
 Responses to abnormal situation, including
 Overflow
 Communication facilities
 Error handling and recovery
 Effect of parameters
 Relationship of outputs to inputs, including
 Input/Output sequences
 Formulas for input to output conversion

It may be appropriate to partition the functional requirements into sub-functions or sub-

processes. This does not imply that the software design will also be partitioned that way.

3.3 Performance Requirements

This subsection specifies both the static and the dynamic numerical requirements placed on
the software or on human interaction with the software, as a whole. Static numerical
requirements may include:
(a) The number of terminals to be supported
(b) The number of simultaneous users to be supported
(c) Amount and type of information to be handled
Static numerical requirements are sometimes identified under a separate section entitled
capacity.

Dynamic numerical requirements may include, for example, the numbers of transactions and
tasks and the amount of data to be processed within certain time periods for both normal and
peak workload conditions.

All of these requirements should be stated in measurable terms.

For example,

95% of the transactions shall be processed in less than 1 second

rather than,

An operator shall not have to wait for the transaction to complete.

(Note: Numerical limits applied to one specific function are normally specified as part of the
processing subparagraph description of that function.)

Page 13 of 19 f
 SIXTH SENSE MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED

3.4 Logical Database Requirements

This section specifies the logical requirements for any information that is to be placed into a
database. This may include:

 Types of information used by various functions

 Frequency of use
 Accessing capabilities
 Data entities and their relationships
 Integrity constraints
 Data retention requirements

If the customer provided you with data models, those can be presented here. ER diagrams (or
static class diagrams) can be useful here to show complex data relationships. Remember a
diagram is worth a thousand words of confusing text.

3.5 Design Constraints

Specify design constraints that can be imposed by other standards, hardware limitations, etc.

3.5.1 Standards Compliance

Specify the requirements derived from existing standards or regulations. They might include:
(1) Report format
(2) Data naming
(3) Accounting procedures
(4) Audit Tracing

For example, this could specify the requirement for software to trace processing activity. Such
traces are needed for some applications to meet minimum regulatory or financial standards.
An audit trace requirement may, for example, state that all changes to a payroll database must
be recorded in a trace file with before and after values.

3.6 Software System Attributes

There are a number of attributes of software that can serve as requirements. It is important
that required attributes by specified so that their achievement can be objectively verified.
The following items provide a partial list of examples. These are also known as non-functional
requirements or quality attributes.

Page 14 of 19 f
 SIXTH SENSE MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED

These are characteristics the system must possess, but that pervade (or cross-cut) the design.
These requirements have to be testable just like the functional requirements. Its easy to start
philosophizing here, but keep it specific.

3.6.1 Reliability

Specify the factors required to establish the required reliability of the software system at time
of delivery. If you have MTBF requirements, express them here. This doesn’t refer to just
having a program that does not crash. This has a specific engineering meaning.

3.6.2 Availability

Specify the factors required to guarantee a defined availability level for the entire system such
as checkpoint, recovery, and restart. This is somewhat related to reliability. Some systems run
only infrequently on-demand (like MS Word). Some systems have to run 24/7 (like an e-
commerce web site). The required availability will greatly impact the design. What are the
requirements for system recovery from a failure? “The system shall allow users to restart the
application after failure with the loss of at most 12 characters of input”.

3.6.3 Security

Specify the factors that would protect the software from accidental or malicious access, use,
modification, destruction, or disclosure. Specific requirements in this area could include the
need to:
 Utilize certain cryptographic techniques
 Keep specific log or history data sets
 Assign certain functions to different modules
 Restrict communications between some areas of the program
 Check data integrity for critical variables

3.6.4 Maintainability

Specify attributes of software that relate to the ease of maintenance of the software itself.
There may be some requirement for certain modularity, interfaces, complexity, etc.
Requirements should not be placed here just because they are thought to be good design
practices. If someone else will maintain the system

3.6.5 Portability

Specify attributes of software that relate to the ease of porting the software to other host
machines and/or operating systems. This may include:

Page 15 of 19 f
 SIXTH SENSE MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED

 Percentage of components with host-dependent code

 Percentage of code that is host dependent
 Use of a proven portable language
 Use of a particular compiler or language subset
 Use of a particular operating system

Once the relevant characteristics are selected, a subsection should be written for each,
explaining the rationale for including this characteristic and how it will be tested and
measured. A chart like this might be used to identify the key characteristics (rating them High
or Medium), then identifying which are preferred when trading off design or implementation
decisions (with the ID of the preferred one indicated in the chart to the right). The chart
below is optional (it can be confusing) and is for demonstrating tradeoff analysis between
different non-functional requirements. H/M/L is the relative priority of that non-functional
requirement.

ID Characteristic H/M/L 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 Correctness
2 Efficiency
3 Flexibility
4 Integrity/Security
5 Interoperability
6 Maintainability
7 Portability
8 Reliability
9 Reusability
10 Testability
11 Usability
12 Availability

Definitions of the quality characteristics not defined in the paragraphs above follow.

• Correctness - extent to which program satisfies specifications, fulfills user’s mission

objectives
• Efficiency - amount of computing resources and code required to perform function
• Flexibility - effort needed to modify operational program
• Interoperability - effort needed to couple one system with another
• Reliability - extent to which program performs with required precision
• Reusability - extent to which it can be reused in another application
• Testability - effort needed to test to ensure performs as intended
• Usability - effort required to learn, operate, prepare input, and interpret output

Page 16 of 19 f
 SIXTH SENSE MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED

THE FOLLOWING (3.7) is not really a section, it is talking about how to organize requirements
you write in section 3.2. At the end of this template there are a bunch of alternative
organizations for section 3.2. Choose the ONE best for the system you are writing the
requirements for.
3.7 Organizing the Specific Requirements

For anything but trivial systems the detailed requirements tend to be extensive. For this
reason, it is recommended that careful consideration be given to organizing these in a manner optimal
for understanding. There is no one optimal organization for all systems. Different classes of systems
lend themselves to different organizations of requirements in section 3. Some of these organizations are
described in the following subclasses.

3.7.1 System Mode

Some systems behave quite differently depending on the mode of operation. When
organizing by mode there are two possible outlines. The choice depends on whether
interfaces and performance are dependent on mode.

3.7.2 User Class

Some systems provide different sets of functions to different classes of users.

3.7.3 Objects

Objects are real-world entities that have a counterpart within the system. Associated with
each object is a set of attributes and functions. These functions are also called services,
methods, or processes. Note that sets of objects may share attributes and services. These
are grouped together as classes.

3.7.4 Feature

A feature is an externally desired service by the system that may require a sequence of inputs
to effect the desired result. Each feature is generally described in as sequence eof stimulus-
response pairs.

3.7.5 Stimulus

Some systems can be best organized by describing their functions in terms of stimuli.

3. 7.6 Response

Page 17 of 19 f
 SIXTH SENSE MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED

Some systems can be best organized by describing their functions in support of the generation
of a response.

3.7.7 Functional Hierarchy

When none of he above organizational schemes prove helpful, the overall functionality can be
organized into a hierarchy of functions organized by either common inputs, common outputs,
or common internal data access. Data flow diagrams and data dictionaries can be use dot
show the relationships between and among the functions and data.

3.8 Additional Comments

Whenever a new SRS is contemplated, more than one of the organizational techniques given
in 3.7 may be appropriate. In such cases, organize the specific requirements for multiple
hierarchies tailored to the specific needs of the system under specification.

Three are many notations, methods, and automated support tools available to aid in the
documentation of requirements. For the most part, their usefulness is a function of
organization. For example, when organizing by mode, finite state machines or state charts
may prove helpful; when organizing by object, object-oriented analysis may prove helpful;
when organizing by feature, stimulus-response sequences may prove helpful; when organizing
by functional hierarchy, data flow diagrams and data dictionaries may prove helpful.

In any of the outlines below, those sections called “Functional Requirement i” may be
described in native language, in pseudocode, in a system definition language, or in four
subsections titled: Introduction, Inputs, Processing, Outputs.

4. Change Management Process

Identify the change management process to be used to identify, log, evaluate, and update the
SRS to reflect changes in project scope and requirements. How are you going to control
changes to the requirements. Can the customer just call up and ask for something new?
Does your team have to reach consensus? How do changes to requirements get submitted to
the team? Formally in writing, email or phone call?

5. Document Approvals

Identify the approvers of the SRS document. Approver name, signature, and date should be
used.

Page 18 of 19 f
 SIXTH SENSE MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED

6. Supporting Information

The supporting information makes the SRS easier to use. It includes:

 Table of Contents
 Index
 Appendices

The Appendices are not always considered part of the actual requirements specification and
are not always necessary. They may include:

(a) Sample I/O formats, descriptions of cost analysis studies, results of user surveys
(b) Supporting or background information that can help the readers of the SRS
(c) A description of the problems to be solved by the software
(d) Special packaging instructions for the code and the media to meet security, export,
initial loading, or other requirements

When Appendices are included, the SRS should explicitly state whether or not the Appendices
are to be considered part of the requirements.

Tables on the following pages provide alternate ways to structure section 3 on the specific requirements.
You should pick the best one of these to organize section 3 requirements.

Page 19 of 19 f