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Structural Dynamics - SDOF - Pps

This document introduces single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structural dynamics systems. It discusses key concepts like degrees of freedom, Newton's laws of motion, and the equations of motion. The equations of motion are developed for an SDOF system subjected to both external loads and base excitation. Solutions to the equations of motion are presented for undamped free vibration, determining the natural frequency and obtaining the natural mode shapes from the initial conditions.

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Sai Kumar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
138 views

Structural Dynamics - SDOF - Pps

This document introduces single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structural dynamics systems. It discusses key concepts like degrees of freedom, Newton's laws of motion, and the equations of motion. The equations of motion are developed for an SDOF system subjected to both external loads and base excitation. Solutions to the equations of motion are presented for undamped free vibration, determining the natural frequency and obtaining the natural mode shapes from the initial conditions.

Uploaded by

Sai Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Structural Dynamics:

Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) Systems


Structural Engineer’s Geotechnical Engineer’s
View of the World View of the World
Basic Concepts

• Degrees of Freedom
• Newton’s Law
• Equation of Motion (external force)
• Equation of Motion (base motion)
• Solutions to Equations of Motion
– Free Vibration
– Natural Period/Frequency
Degrees of Freedom

The number of variables required to describe the motion of the


masses is the number of degrees of freedom of the system

Continuous systems – infinite


number of degrees of freedom

Lumped mass systems – masses can be


assumed to be concentrated at specific
locations, and to be connected by massless
elements such as springs. Very useful for
buildings where most of mass is at (or attached
to) floors.
Degrees of Freedom

Single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems

Vertical translation Horizontal translation Horizontal translation Rotation


Newton’s Law
Consider a particle with mass, m, moving in
one dimension subjected to an external load,
F(t). The particle has:
position  u
velocity  u m
acceleration  u

F(t)
According to Newton’s Law:

d
mu   F (t )
dt

If the mass is constant:


d
mu   m d u   mu  F (t )
dt dt
Equation of Motion (external load)

Dashpot Mass

External load
Spring

Dashpot force
External load
Spring force

From Newton’s Law, F = mü


Q(t) - fD - fS = mü
Equation of Motion (external load)

Viscous resistance Elastic resistance

mu  cu  ku  Q(t )


Equation of Motion (base motion)

Newton’s law is expressed in terms of absolute velocity and


acceleration, üt(t). The spring and dashpot forces depend on
the relative motion, u(t).

mut  cu  ku
m(u  ub )  cu  ku
m(u  ub )  cu  ku  0
mu  cu  ku  mub
Solutions to Equation of Motion

mu  cu  ku  Q(t )


Four common cases
Free vibration: Q(t) = 0
Undamped: c = 0
Damped: c ≠ 0
Forced vibration: Q(t) ≠ 0
Undamped: c = 0
Damped: c ≠ 0
Solutions to Equation of Motion
Undamped Free Vibration

mu  ku  0
Solution:

u(t )  a sin ot  b cos ot


where

k
o  Natural circular frequency
m

How do we get a and b? From initial conditions


Solutions to Equation of Motion
Undamped Free Vibration

u(t )  a sin ot  b cos ot

Assume initial displacement (at t = 0) is uo. Then,

uo  a sin o (0)  b cos o (0)


uo  a(0)  b(1)
uo  b
Solutions to Equation of Motion

Assume initial velocity (at t = 0) is uo. Then,

u  ao cos ot  bo sin ot


uo  ao cos o (0)  bo sin o (0)
uo  ao (1)  bo (0)
uo  ao
uo
a
o

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