Scribd
Upload
208 views

Trig & Hyperbolic-Trig

Trigonometric functions are defined using a unit circle, while hyperbolic trig functions use a unit hyperbola. Both are used to parameterize curves and define related functions. They share many properties like basic identities, even/odd properties, and derivatives, but hyperbolic functions grow exponentially instead of oscillating.

Uploaded by

thehighlife1080
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
208 views

Trig & Hyperbolic-Trig

Trigonometric functions are defined using a unit circle, while hyperbolic trig functions use a unit hyperbola. Both are used to parameterize curves and define related functions. They share many properties like basic identities, even/odd properties, and derivatives, but hyperbolic functions grow exponentially instead of oscillating.

Uploaded by

thehighlife1080
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Comparing Trig and Hyperbolic Trig Functions

By the Maths Learning Centre, University of Adelaide

Trigonometric Functions Hyperbolic Trigonometric Functions


Definition using unit circle: Definition using unit hyperbola:
If a point is an arc length of t anticlockwise around If a line segment from the origin to the unit
1
the unit circle from (1,0), then that point is hyperbola sweeps out an area of 2 𝑡 between (1,0)
(cos 𝑡 , sin 𝑡). and a particular point as it moves upwards, then
(Note the line segment from the origin to the unit that point is (cosh 𝑡 , sinh 𝑡).
1
circle sweeps out an area of 2 𝑡.)

Parameterising a curve: Parameterising a curve:


If we use all values of 𝑡, the points (cos 𝑡 , sin 𝑡) If we use all values of 𝑡, the points (cosh 𝑡 , sinh 𝑡)
form the circle with equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1. form the right-hand branch of the hyperbola with
equation 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 1.

Defining other functions: Defining other functions:

sin 𝑥 1 sinh 𝑥 1
tan 𝑥 = cosec 𝑥 = tanh 𝑥 = cosech 𝑥 =
cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cosh 𝑥 sinh 𝑥
1 1 1 1
sec 𝑥 = cot 𝑥 = sech 𝑥 = coth 𝑥 =
cos 𝑥 tan 𝑥 cosh 𝑥 tanh 𝑥

Basic identities Basic identities


(cos 𝑥)2 + (sin 𝑥)2 = 1 (cosh 𝑥)2 − (sinh 𝑥)2 = 1
1 + (tan 𝑥)2 = (sec 𝑥)2 1 − (tanh 𝑥)2 = (sech 𝑥)2
(cot 𝑥)2 + 1 = (cosec 𝑥)2 (coth 𝑥)2 − 1 = (cosech 𝑥)2

Double angle identities Double area identities


sin(2𝑥) = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 sinh(2𝑥) = 2 sinh 𝑥 cosh 𝑥
cos(2𝑥) = (cos 𝑥)2 − (sin 𝑥)2 cosh(2𝑥) = (cosh 𝑥)2 + (sinh 𝑥)2
= 2(cos 𝑥)2 − 1 = 2(cosh 𝑥)2 − 1
= 1 − 2(sin 𝑥)2 = 1 + 2(sinh 𝑥)2

1
Comparing Trig and Hyperbolic Trig Functions
By the Maths Learning Centre, University of Adelaide

Trigonometric Functions Hyperbolic Trigonometric Functions


Odd and even properties Odd and even properties
cos 𝑥 is an even function cosh 𝑥 is an even function
sin 𝑥 is an odd function sinh 𝑥 is an odd function
tan 𝑥 is an odd function tanh 𝑥 is an odd function

Values at zero Values at zero


cos(0) = 1 sin(0) = 0 tan(0) = 0 cosh(0) = 1 sinh(0) = 0 tanh(0) = 0

Derivatives Derivatives
𝑑 𝑑
cos 𝑥 = − sin 𝑥 cosh 𝑥 = sinh 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
sin 𝑥 = cos 𝑥 sinh 𝑥 = cosh 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
tan 𝑥 = (sec 𝑥)2 tanh 𝑥 = (sech 𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Derivatives of inverse functions Derivatives of inverse functions


𝑑 −1 𝑑 1
arccos 𝑥 = acosh 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 1
𝑑 1 𝑑 1
arcsin 𝑥 = asinh 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 √1 + 𝑥 2
𝑑 1 𝑑 1
arctan 𝑥 = atanh 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑥2

Maclaurin Series Maclaurin Series


𝑥3 𝑥5 𝑥7 𝑥3 𝑥5 𝑥7
sin 𝑥 = 𝑥 − + − +⋯ sinh 𝑥 = 𝑥 + + + +⋯
3! 5! 7! 3! 5! 7!
𝑥2 𝑥4 𝑥6 𝑥2 𝑥4 𝑥6
cos 𝑥 = 1 − + − +⋯ cosh 𝑥 = 1 + + + +⋯
2! 4! 6! 2! 4! 6!

Relationship to 𝒆𝒙 Relationship to 𝒆𝒙
𝑒 𝑖𝑥 = cos 𝑥 + 𝑖 sin 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 = cosh 𝑥 + sinh 𝑥
𝑒 𝑖𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑖𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
cos 𝑥 = cosh 𝑥 =
2 2
𝑒 𝑖𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑖𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
sin 𝑥 = sinh 𝑥 =
2𝑖 2

You might also like