if

 the  
true  
test  is  
true  

Basic  if  statement  construct   execute  the  

false   controlled  
statements  

execute  the  
statements  
a2er  the  if-­‐statement  
 Can  you  spot  the  problem  in  this  code?  
Scanner console = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print(”How many magazines did you sell? ");
int percent = console.nextInt();
if (totalSales >= 50) {
System.out.println(”Congratualtions, you win an iPad");
}
if (totalSales >= 35) {
System.out.println("Congratualtions, you win an iPod");
}
if (totalSales >= 25) {
System.out.println("Congratualtions, you win a stylus");
}
if (totalSales >= 15) {
System.out.println("Congratualtions, you win a gift card");
} else {
System.out.println(”Keep up the good work!");
}
...
 suppose you
sold 72
A  closer   no  
>=50?  
magazines

look  at  the   yes  

control   you  get  an  iPad  

flow  
no  
>=35?  

yes  

you  get  an  iPod  

 Change   no  
the  tests,   >=50?  

making   yes  

each  one   you  get  an  iPad  

more   no   50  >  
sold  
explicit   >=35?  
yes  

you  get  an  iPod  

 What  we  really  want…  
Scanner console = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print(”How many magazines did you sell? ");
int percent = console.nextInt();
if (totalSales >= 50) {
Greater  than  or  equal  to  50  -­‐you
System.out.println(”Congratualtions,  iPad  win an iPad");
}
if (totalSales >= 35) {
Otherwise,  if  greater  than  or  equal  tyou
System.out.println("Congratualtions, o  35  
win -­‐  iPod  
an iPod");
}
if (totalSales >= 25) {
Otherwise,  if  greater  than  or  equal  tyou
System.out.println("Congratualtions, o  25  win
-­‐  stylus  
a stylus");
}
if (totalSales >= 15) {
System.out.println("Congratualtions, you win a gift card");
} else {
System.out.println(”Keep up the good work!");
}
...
 BeLer,  but  poor  style  
if (totalSales >= 50) {
System.out.println(”Congratulations, you have won an iPod");
} else {
if (totalSales >= 35) {
System.out.println("Congratulations, you have won an iPod");
} else {
if (totalSales >= 25) {
System.out.println("Congratulations, you have won a stylus");
} else {
if (totalSales >= 15) {
System.out.println("Congratulations, you have won a gift card");
} else {
System.out.println(”Keep up the good work!");
}
}
}
}
 Try  the  mulN-­‐branch  if/else
Instead  of  deeply  nesNng  several  tests,  use  else-­‐if  statements  
Test  the  else-­‐if  when  no  other  test  has  been  true  thus  far  
if (test) {
statement(s);
} else if (test) {
statement(s); if  test  is   true  
} else { true  

statement(s); true  
if  test  is  
} true  

Here three statements can be

controlled with two tests
 Try  the  mulN-­‐branch  if/else
•  Example:  
if (inputX > 0) {
System.out.println("Positive");
} else if (inputX < 0) {
System.out.println("Negative"); if  test  is   true  
} else { true  

System.out.println("Zero"); true  
if  test  is  
} true  

There are three statements to execute, one

for each condition. Two tests will suffice.
Suppose  there  are  three  statements,  one  for  each  condiNon  and  a  
third  case  where  no  statement  should  be  executed.    This  model  
will  not  accommodate  that  situaNon  

we have one more case

that should bypass all
statements
 MulN-­‐branch  if/else if
•  If  the  set  of  condiNonals  ends  in  else,  one  code  path  must  be  taken.  
•  If  the  set  of  condiNonals  ends  with  if,  the  program  might  not  execute  any  
path;  there  is  a  bypass.  
if (test) {
if  test    
statement(s); true  
} else if (test) {
if  test    
statement(s); true  
} else if (test) {
if  test    
statement(s); true  
}  
 MulN-­‐branch  if/else/if
if  test    
true  

if  test    
true  

if  test    
true  
Example:  
if (grade == ‘A’) {

System.out.println("You are eligible for the Dean’s list!");

} else if (grade == ‘B’) {

System.out.println("You are eligible for the Honors list!");

} else if (grade == ‘C’) {

System.out.println("You still have time to raise your

grade.");

}
 Review  if  statements  
•  Devise  scenarios  for  different  types  of  if  statements  
•  Consider  
–  How  many  different  outcomes?  
–  Should  there  be  a  path  where  no  statement  is  executed?  
–  Can  you  use  well  designed  tests  to  combine  condiNons  and  
eliminate  if  branches?  
–  Can  you  reduce  redundancy?  
 Returning  to  our  game  problem  
•  Three  condiNons:  every  player  falls  into  one  of  
these  condiNons  
NE  
–  NW,  purple   True   or   False  
SW?  
–  SE,  red   False   True  
SE?  
–  SW,  NE,  green  
•  if/else  if/else  
•  try  wriNng  this  code  
Assume  a  player’s  posiNon  is  given  as  x,y  coordiantes  p1.x  and  
p1.y    

Note  that    
   posiNve  x  *  posiNve  y  =  posiNve  result,  NE,  green  
   negaNve  x  *  negaNve  y  =  posiNve  result,  SW,  green  
   posiNve  x  *  negaNve  y  =  negaNve  result,  SE,  red  
   negaNve  x  *  posiNve  y  =  negaNve  result,  NW,  purple  
    posiNve  x  *  posiNve  y  =  posiNve  result,  NE,  green  
   negaNve  x  *  negaNve  y  =  posiNve  result,  SW,  green  
   posiNve  x  *  negaNve  y  =  negaNve  result,  SE,  red  
   negaNve  x  *  posiNve  y  =  negaNve  result,  NW,  purple  

int position = p1.x * p1.y;

if (position >= 0) {
p1.color = green;
} else if (p1.x > 0) { Only players with
negative location
p1.color = red;
will test the p1.x
} else { therefore the only
p1.color = purple; two cases left are
} red or purple