JAVA MEANS DURGASOFT

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Introduction
In general by using Java technology we are able to design following 2 types of
applications.

Java

Standalone Applications Enterprise Applications

CUI App GUI App Web App Distributed App

1. Standalone Applications:
These are the java applications, which will be designed without using Client-Server
Architecture.

There are 2 types of Standalone applications.

1. CUI Applications
2. GUI Applications

Q: What are the differences between CUI Applications and GUI Applications?

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Ans: CUI Applications are the standalone applications, which will be designed in such a way
to take input and to provide output by using Command prompt, where Command prompt is
acting as user interface and it able to support character data. So that the java application
which will design on the basis of command prompt i.e. character user interface is called as
CUI application.

GUI Applications are the standalone applications, which will be designed in such a way to
take input and to provide output by using a collection of Graphic component, where the
collection of Graphic components is acting as an user interface and it able to support GUI
component so that the java application which will be design on the basis of Graphical user
interface is called as GUI Application.

2. Enterprise Applications:
These are the java applications, which will be designed on the basis of Client-Server
Architecture. There are 2 types of Enterprise applications.

1. Web Applications
2. Distributed Applications

Q: What are the differences between Web Applications and Distributed

Applications?

Ans: 1. Web Application is the server side application, it will be designed without disturbing
its application logic over multiple number of JVM’s.

Distributed application is the server side application it will be designed by disturbing

application logic over multiple number of JVM’s.

2. In general web applications will be designed by using a set of server side technologies
called as Web technologies like CGI, Servlets, JSP’s and so on.
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Distributed applications will be designed by using a set of technologies called as

Distributed technologies like Socket programming, RMZ, EJB’s, Webservices and so on.

3. The main purpose of web applications is to generate dynamic response from server
machine, but the main purpose of distributed applications is to establish distributed
communication between local machine and remote machine in order to access the remote
services.

4. In general web applications will provide services for web clients, but distributed
applications will provide services for any type of clients.

5. In general web applications will be executed by using both web servers and application
servers, but distributed applications will be executed by using only application servers.

1. Web Applications:
Web Application is a collection of web components, it will be executed by using web
containers like Servlet Container to execute servlets, Jsp Container to execute JSP’s and so
on.

2. Distributed Applications:
Distributed Application is a collection of distributed components, it will be executed by
using the distributed containers like EJB’s Container to execute EJB’s.

At the beginning stages of the computer we have Client-Server architecture, where the
purpose of server is to hold up some resources and to share that resources to all the clients
as per the client request.

In the above context, when we send a request from client to server for a particular
resource then server will identify requested resource, pick up the content and send that
content as response to client without performing any particular action at server. In this case
the response which was generated by server is called as static response.

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As per the application requirements we need to generate dynamic response from server,
for this we need to execute the application at server called as Web Application. To design

web applications at server side we need a set of server side technologies called as Web
Technologies.

To design web applications we will use web technologies like CGI, Servlets, Jsp’s, Perl,
PHP and so on. Therefore, the main purpose of servlets and jsp’s is to design web
applications at server in order to generate dynamic response from server.

Q: To design web applications at server we have already CGI Technology then

what is the requirement to go for servlets?

Ans: CGI is the server side technology designed on the basis of C technology and Scripting.
C technology is the process based technology, it will make CGI technology as process based
technology.

If we deploy any CGI application at server side then container will create a separate
process for each and every request. If we increase number of requests automatically CGI
container will generate number of processes at server.

Basically process is a heavy weight component, to handle single process system has to
consume a lot of system memory and execution time.

Due to the above reason to handle the multiple number of processes at a time server
machine may get burden, due to this reason server may generate delayed responses to the
client request, it will reduce the performance of server side application.

In the above context, to increase the performance of the server side application we have
to use an alternative server side technology i.e. Servlets.

P1

Client
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req1

req2 P2
Client

reqn
Client

Pn

CGI Container

Server

Servlet is the server side technology designed on the basis of java technology. Java
technology is a Thread based technology, it will make servlets as Thread based
technologies.

If we deploy any servlet application at server then for every client request servlet container
will generate a separate thread on the respective servlet object.

In the above context, if we increase number of requests even container will create number
of threads instead of processes.

When compared to process thread is light weight, to handle multiple number of requests
i.e. thread server machine may not get burden, it may provide quick responses for the
client request, it may increase the performance of server side application.

t1 t2 ..... tn

Client req1 Servlet

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req2
Client
Servlet object

reqn
Client
Servlet Container

Server

Q: What are the differences between servlets and jsps?

Ans: 1. If we want to design web applications by using Servlets we must require very good
java stuff.

To design web applications by using Jsp technology it is not required to have java
knowledge, it is sufficient to have presentation skills.

Note: The main intention to introduce Jsp technology is to reduce java code as much as
possible in web applications.

2. In web applications, we will prefer to use Servlets to pick up the request and process the
request.

But we will prefer to use Jsp’s to generate dynamic response to the client with very good
look and feel.

Note: In web applications, we will utilize Servlets to provide controller logic, integration
logic, validation logic, implementing business logic and so on. But we will prefer to use Jsp
technology only to provide presentation part.

3. In case of Servlets, we are unable to separate both presentation logic and business logic,
but in case of Jsp’s we are able to separate presentation logic and business logic because in

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Jsp pages we are able to use html tags to prepare presentation logic and we are able to use
Jsp tags to prepare business logic.

4. If we perform any modifications on the existed Servlets then we have to perform

recompilation and reloading on to the server explicitly.

If we perform any modifications on the existed Jsp’s then it is not required to perform
recompilation and reloading because Jsp pages are auto compiled and auto loaded.

5. If we want to design any web application on the basis of MVC architecture then we have
to use a servlet as controller and a set of Jsp pages as view part.

Model

request Servlet
JavaBeans
EJBs
Client
Jdbc
DB
response HBn
Jsps

Server

Note 1: Struts is a web application framework designed on the basis of MVC architecture,
where we have to use ActionServlet as controller and we have to use a set of Jsp pages as
view part.

Note 2: JSF(Java Server Faces) is a web application framework, where we have to use
FacesServlet as a controller and a set of Jsp pages as view part.

Enterprise:
Enterprise is a business organization, a group of organizations running under a single label.

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Enterprise Application:
It is a software application, which will be designed for a particular enterprise in order to
simplify the internal business processing.

To design enterprise applications we have to use the following 3 layers.

1. User Interface Layer

2. Business Processing Layer
3. Data Storage and Access Layer

1. User Interface Layer:

User Interface Layer is the top most layer in enterprise application, it will provide starting
point for the customers to interact with enterprise application.

The main purpose of User Interface Layer in enterprise applications is

1. To improve look and feel for the enterprise applications.

2. To accept user details in order to execute server side application.
3. To provide very good environment for client side validations with Javascript
functions.
4. To specify different types of requests at client browser like get, post, head and so
on.

To prepare User Interface Layer in enterprise application we will use a separate logic is
called as Presentation Logic.

To prepare presentation logic in enterprise applications we have to use technologies like

AWT, SWING, HTML, JSP, Velocity and so on.

2. Business Processing Layer:

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Business Processing Layer is the heart of the enterprise application, it will provide very
good environment to define and execute all the business rules and regulations which are
required by the client.

To prepare Business Processing Layer in enterprise application we will use a separate logic
is called as Business Logic.

In enterprise application development,to prepare Business logic we have to use technologies

like Servlets, Jsp's, JavaBeans, EJBs and so on.

3. Data Storage and Access Layer:

This layer is the bottom most layer in enterprise applications.

The main purpose of this layer is to provide data persistency in enterprise application.

Data Storage and Access Layer will provide very good environment to provide the basic
database operations(CRUD) as per the enterprise application requirement.

To prepare Data Storage and Access Layer we will use a separate logic called as
Persistence Logic.

In enterprise application development,to prepare persistence logic we have to use

technologies like Jdbc, EJB-Entity Beans Hibernate, JPA and so on.

To design enterprise application we need to define the degree of enterprise application,

for this we have to use system architectures.

1-Tier Architecture

2-Tier Architecture

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n-Tier Architecture

1-Tier Architecture:
To design enterprise application if we use 1-tier architecture then we have to provide
User Interface Layer, Business Processing Layer and Data Storage and Access Layer within a
single machine.

1-Tier architecture is highly recommended for standalone applications.

In 1-Tier architecture, a single machine we have to use to accommodate the complete

application so that a single machine resources may not be sufficient to execute applications,
it may reduce the performance of enterprise application.

1-Tier architecture will not provide any environment to handle multiple number requests,
it is able to provide less sharability.

U.I.L

B.P.L
DB
D.S.A.L

1-Tier Architecture

2-Tier Architecture:
To design any enterprise application it is minimum to use 2-Tier architecture. The best
example for 2-Tier architecture is Client-Server architecture.

2-Tier architecture will allow to design and execute the application in 2 layers of
machines.

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In case of 2-Tier architecture, tier-1 will manage User Interface Layer and tier-2 will
manage Business Processing Layer and Data Storage and Access Layers.

2-Tier architecture will provide loosely coupled design when compared with 1-Tier
architecture.

2-Tier architecture will provide very good environment to handle multiple number of
requests and it is able to improve sharability.

B.P.L

U.I.L
DB
D.S.A.L

Client-Tier/Tier-1 Server-Tier/Tier-2

2-Tier Architecture

Note: As part of the enterprise application development always it is suggestible to use

Tiered architectures because it will improve sharability, able to provide more loosely coupled
design and so on, but we should not increase number of tiers in enterprise applications
without having the requirement otherwise maintenance problems will be increased.

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