Assignment # 01

Frequency Distribution
1. The percentage (rounded to the nearest whole percent) of persons from each state completing
4 years or more of college is listed below. Organize the data into a grouped frequency
distribution with 5 classes. Also construct a histogram.

Percentage of persons completing 4 years of college

23 25 24 34 22 24 27 37 33 24
26 23 38 24 24 17 28 23 30 25
30 22 33 24 28 36 24 19 25 31
34 31 27 24 29 28 21 25 26 15
26 22 27 21 25 28 24 21 25 26
Find each of these from the group data.
a. Mean c. Variance
b. Modal class d. Standard deviation
2. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) count of 20 randomly selected patients is given here in
milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl). Construct an ungrouped frequency distribution for the data.
17 18 13 14 12 17 11 20 13 18 19
17 14 16 17 12 16 15 19 22
Construct a histogram, a frequency polygon, and an ogive and analyze the results.
3. Twelve batteries were tested to see how many hours they would last. The frequency distribution
is shown here.
Hours Frequency
1–3 1
4–6 4
7–9 5
10–12 1
13–15 1
Find Mean, Modal class, Mode and Mid-Range. Also construct the histogram of the distribution
and comments on the shape/skewness of the distribution.
4. If the average number of textbooks in professors’ offices is 16, the standard deviation is 5, and
the average age of the professors is 43, with a standard deviation of 8, which data set is more
variable? (Ans: text books: 31.25/Professors age:18.60)
5. A survey of bookstores showed that the average number of magazines carried is 56, with a
standard deviation of 12. The same survey showed that the average length of time each store
had been in business was 6 years, with a standard deviation of 2.5 years. Which is more variable,
the number of magazines or the number of years? (Ans: magazines: 21.43/ length of time:41.67)
6. The In an advertisement, a retail store stated that its employees averaged 9 years of service. The
distribution is shown here. Using the weighted mean, calculate the correct average.

Number of employees Years of service

8 2

2 6

3 10
 Assignment # 02
The Multiplication Rules

7. A Harris poll found that 46% of Americans say they suffer great stress at least once a week. If
three people are selected at random, find the probability that all three will say that they suffer
great stress at least once a week. (Ans: 0.097)
8. Box 1 contains 2 red balls and 1 blue ball. Box 2 contains 3 blue balls and 1 red ball. A coin is
tossed. If it falls heads up, box 1 is selected and a ball is drawn. If it falls tails up, box 2 is selected
and a ball is drawn. Find the probability of selecting a red ball. (Ans: 11/24)

Conditional Probability
9. A box contains black chips and white chips. A person selects two chips without replacement. If
the probability of selecting a black chip and a white chip is 15/56, and the probability of
selecting a black chip on the first draw is 3/8, find the probability of selecting the white chip on
the second draw, given that the first chip selected was a black chip. (Ans: 5/7)
10. Of the 216 players on major league soccer rosters, 80.1% are U.S. citizens. If 3 players are
selected at random for an exhibition, what is the probability that all are U.S. citizens?
11. In 2006, 86% of U.S. households had cable TV. Choose 3 households at random. Find the
probability that
a. None of the 3 households had cable TV
b. All 3 households had cable TV
c. At least 1 of the 3 households had cable TV
12. In a recent year 8,073,000 male students and 10,980,000 female students were enrolled as
undergraduates. Receiving aid were 60.6% of the male students and 65.2% of the female
students. Of those receiving aid, 44.8% of the males got federal aid and 50.4% of the females
got federal aid. Choose 1 student at random. (Hint: Make a tree diagram.) Find the probability
that the student is
a. A male student without aid
b. A male student, given that the student has aid
c. A female student or a student who receives federal aid
13. Urn 1 contains 5 red balls and 3 black balls. Urn 2 contains 3 red balls and 1 black ball. Urn 3
contains 4 red balls and 2 black balls. If an urn is selected at random and a ball is drawn, find the
probability it will be red.
14. In a pizza restaurant, 95% of the customers order pizza. If 65% of the customers order pizza and
a salad, find the probability that a customer who orders pizza will also order a salad.
 15. The Gift Basket Store had the following premade gift baskets containing the following
combinations in stock.

Cookies Mugs Candy

Coffee 20 13 10

Tea 12 10 12

Choose 1 basket at random. Find the probability that it contains

a. Coffee or candy
b. Tea given that it contains mugs
c. Tea and cookies
16. The probability that Samantha will be accepted by the college of her choice and obtain a
scholarship is 0.35. If the probability that she is accepted by the college is 0.65, find the
probability that she will obtain a scholarship given that she is accepted by the college.
17. At a large factory, the employees were surveyed and classified according to their level of
education and whether they attend a sports event at least once a month. The data are shown in
the table.

Educational level
Sports event High school graduate Two-year college Four-year college
degree degree
Attend 16 20 24
Do not attend 12 19 25
If an employee is selected at random, find the probability that
a. The employee attends sports events regularly, given that he or she graduated from
college (2- or 4-year degree)
b. Given that the employee is a high school graduate, he or she does not attend sports
events regularly

Counting Rules
18. How many ways can an adviser choose 4 students from a class of 12 if they are all assigned the
same task? How many ways can the students be chosen if they are each given a different task?
19. An investigative agency has 7 cases and 5 agents. How many different ways can the cases be
assigned if only 1 case is assigned to each agent?
20. There are 7 women and 5 men in a department. How many ways can a committee of 4 people
be selected? How many ways can this committee be selected if there must be 2 men and 2
women on the committee? How many ways can this committee be selected if there must be at
least 2 women on the committee?
21. In a board of directors composed of 8 people, how many ways can one chief executive officer,
one director, and one treasurer be selected?
22. A parent-teacher committee consisting of 4 people is to be formed from 20 parents and 5
teachers. Find the probability that the committee will consist of these people. (Assume that the
selection will be random.)
a. All teachers
b. 2 teachers and 2 parents
c. All parents
d. 1 teacher and 3 parents
23. A package contains 12 resistors, 3 of which are defective. If 4 are selected, find the probability of
getting
a. 0 defective resistors
b. 1 defective resistor
c. 3 defective resistors
24. Roughly 1 in 6 students enrolled in higher education took at least one online course last fall.
Choose 5 enrolled students at random. Find the probability that
a. All 5 took online courses
b. None of the 5 took a course online
c. At least 1 took an online course
 Assignment # 03
Probability Distributions
25. The probabilities that a bakery has a demand for 2, 3, 5, or 7 birthday cakes on any given day are
0.35, 0.41, 0.15, and 0.09, respectively. construct a probability distribution for the data and
draw a graph for the distribution.
26. A person pays $2 to play a certain game by rolling a single die once. If a 1 or a 2 comes up, the
person wins nothing. If, however, the player rolls a 3, 4, 5, or 6, he or she wins the difference
between the number rolled and $2. Find the expectation for this game. Is the game fair?
(Ans: -33.3 cents; no)
27. A concerned parents group determined the number of commercials shown in each of five
children’s programs over a period of time. Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation for
the distribution shown.

Number of commercials (X) 5 6 7 8 9

Probability P(X) 0.2 0.25 0.38 0.10 0.07
The Binomial Distribution
28. R. H. Bruskin Associates Market Research found that 40% of Americans do not think that having
a college education is important to succeed in the business world. If a random sample of five
Americans is selected, find these probabilities.
a. Exactly 2 people will agree with that statement.
b. At most 3 people will agree with that statement.
c. At least 2 people will agree with that statement.
d. Fewer than 3 people will agree with that statement.
29. The percentage of couples where both parties are in the labor force is 52.1. Choose 5 couples at
random. Find the probability that
a. None of the couples have both persons working
b. More than 3 of the couples have both persons in the labor force
c. Fewer than 2 of the couples have both parties working
30. Fifty three percent of all persons in the U.S. population have at least some college education.
Choose 10 persons at random. Find the probability that
a. Exactly one-half have some college education
b. At least 5 do not have any college education
c. Fewer than 5 have some college education
31. R. H. Bruskin Associates Market Research found that 40% of Americans do not think that having
a college education is important to succeed in the business world. If a random sample of five
Americans is selected, find these probabilities.
a. Exactly 2 people will agree with that statement. (0.346)
b. At most 3 people will agree with that statement. (0.913)
c. At least 2 people will agree with that statement. (0.663)
d. Fewer than 3 people will agree with that statement. (0.683)
32. Thirty-two percent of adult Internet users have purchased products or services online. For a
random sample of 200 adult Internet users, find the mean, variance, and standard deviation for
the numbers who have purchased goods or services online.
The Poisson Distribution
33. A recent study of robberies for a certain geographic region showed an average of 1 robbery per
20,000 people. In a city of 80,000 people, find the probability of the following.
a. 0 robberies
b. 1 robbery
c. 2 robberies
d. 3 or more robberies
34. A copy machine randomly puts out 10 blank sheets per 500 copies processed. Find the
probability that in a run of 300 copies, 5 sheets of paper will be blank.
35. The average number of phone inquiries per day at the poison control center is 4. Find the
probability it will receive 5 calls on a given day. Use the Poisson approximation.
Normal Distributions
36. The average admission charge for a movie is $5.81. If the distribution of movie admission
charges is approximately normal with a standard deviation of $0.81, what is the probability that
a randomly selected admission charge is less than $3.50?
37. The average annual salary for all U.S. teachers is $47,750. Assume that the distribution is normal
and the standard deviation is $5680. Find the probability that a randomly selected teacher earns
a. Between $35,000 and $45,000 a year (Ans: 0.3031)
b. More than $40,000 a year (Ans: 0.09131)
c. If you were applying for a teaching position and were offered $31,000 a year, how
would you feel (Ans: 0.0016, not too happy)
38. The average credit card debt for college seniors is $3262. If the debt is normally distributed with
a standard deviation of $1100, find these probabilities.
a. That the senior owes at least $1000 (Ans: 0.9803)
b. That the senior owes more than $4000 (Ans: 0.2206)
c. That the senior owes between $3000 and $4000 (Ans: 0.3742)
39. The average length of a hospital stay for all diagnoses is 4.8 days. If we assume that the lengths
of hospital stays are normally distributed with a variance of 2.1, then 10% of hospital stays are
longer than how many days? Thirty percent of stays are less than how many days?
40. Americans drank an average of 23.2 gallons of bottled water per capita in 2004. If the standard
deviation is 2.7 gallons and the variable is normally distributed, find the probability that a
randomly selected American drank more than 25 gallons of bottled water. What is the
probability that the selected person drank between 18 and 26 gallons?
The Normal Approximation to the Binomial
Distribution
41. Two out of five adult smokers acquired the habit by age 14. If 400 smokers are randomly
selected, find the probability that 170 or more acquired the habit by age 14.
42. The percentage of Americans 25 years or older who have at least some college education is
53.1%. In a random sample of 300 Americans 25 years old or older, what is the probability that
more than 175 have at least some college education?
43. According to recent surveys, 60% of households have personal computers. If a random sample
of 180 households is selected, what is the probability that more than 60 but fewer than 100
have a personal computer?
 Assignment # 04
Confidence Intervals
44. A sample of the reading scores of 35 fifth-graders has a mean of 82. The standard deviation of
the population is 15.
a. Find the 95% confidence interval of the mean reading scores of all fifth-graders.
b. Find the 99% confidence interval of the mean reading scores of all fifth-graders.
45. A study of 35 golfers showed that their average score on a particular course was 92. The
standard deviation of the population is 5.
a. Find the best point estimate of the mean.
b. Find the 95% confidence interval of the mean score for all golfers.
c. Find the 95% confidence interval of the mean score if a sample of 60 golfers is used
instead of a sample of 35.
46. A survey of 35 individuals who passed the seven exams and obtained the rank of Fellow in the
actuarial field finds the average salary to be $150,000. If the standard deviation for the
population is $15,000, construct a 95% confidence interval for all Fellows.
47. The prices (in dollars) for a particular model of digital camera with 6.0 megapixels and an optical
3X zoom lens are shown below for 10 online retailers. Estimate the true mean price for this
particular model with 95% confidence.
225 240 215 206 211 210 193 250 225 202
48. A meteorologist who sampled 13 thunderstorms found that the average speed at which they
traveled across a certain state was 15 miles per hour. The standard deviation of the sample was
1.7 miles per hour. Find the 99% confidence interval of the mean.
49. The national average for the number of students per teacher for all U.S. public schools in
15.9.Arandom sample of 12 school districts from a moderately populated area showed that the
mean number of students per teacher was 19.2 with a variance of 4.41. Estimate the true mean
number of students per teacher with 95% confidence.
50. For a group of 10 men subjected to a stress situation, the mean number of heart beats per
minute was 126, and the standard deviation was 4. Find the 95% confidence interval of the true
mean.
51. The approximate costs for a 30-second spot for various cable networks in a random selection of
cities are shown below. Estimate the true population mean cost for a 30-second advertisement
on cable network with 90% confidence.
14 55 165 9 15 66 23 30 150
22 12 13 54 73 55 41 78
Hypothesis Testing
52. An increase in walking has been shown to contribute to a healthier life-style. A sedentary
American takes an average of 5000 steps per day (and 65% of Americans are overweight). A
group of health-conscious employees of a large health care system volunteered to wear
pedometers for a month to record their steps. It was found that a random sample of 40 walkers
 took an average of 5430 steps per day, and the population standard deviation is 600 steps. At 
= 0.05 can it be concluded that they walked more than the mean number of 5000 steps per day?
53. It has been reported that the average credit card debt for college seniors is $3262. The student
senate at a large university feels that their seniors have a debt much less than this, so it
conducts a study of 50 randomly selected seniors and finds that the average debt is $2995, and
the population standard deviation is $1100. With  = 0.05, is the student senate correct?
54. The mean annual expenditure per 25- to 34-year-old consumer for health care is $1468. This
includes health insurance, medical services, and drugs and medical supplies. Students at a large
university took a survey, and it was found that for a sample of 60 students, the mean health care
expense was $1520, and the population standard deviation is $198. Is there sufficient evidence
at = 0.01 to conclude that their health care expenditure differs from the national average of
$1468? Is the conclusion different at  = 0.05?
55. The average salary for public school teachers for a specific year was reported to be $39,385. A
random sample of 50 public school teachers in a particular state had a mean of $41,680, and the
population standard deviation is $5975. Is there sufficient evidence at the  = 0.05 level to
conclude that the mean salary differs from $39,385?
t Test for a Mean
56. According to the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association, cat owners spend an
average of $179 annually in routine veterinary visits. A random sample of local cat owners
revealed that 10 randomly selected owners spent an average of $205 with s $26. Is there a
significant statistical difference at  = 0.01?
57. A state executive claims that the average number of acres in western Pennsylvania state parks is
less than 2000 acres. A random sample of five parks is selected, and the number of acres is
shown. At  = 0.01, is there enough evidence to support the claim?
959 1187 493 6249 541
58. The U.S. average for state and local taxes for a family of four is $4172. A random sample of 20
families in a northeastern state indicates that they paid an annual amount of $4560 with a
standard deviation of $1590. At  = 0.05, is there sufficient evidence to conclude that they pay
more than the national average of $4172?
59. A researcher estimates that the average height of the buildings of 30 or more stories in a large
city is at least 700 feet. A random sample of 10 buildings is selected, and the heights in feet are
shown. At  = 0.025, is there enough evidence to reject the claim?
485 511 841 725 615 520 535 635 616 582
60. The average undergraduate cost for tuition, fees, and room and board for two-year institutions
last year was $13,252. The following year, a random sample of 20 two-year institutions had a
mean of $15,560 and a standard deviation of $3500. Is there sufficient evidence at the  = 0.01
level to conclude that the mean cost has increased?
61. The average family size was reported as 3.18. A random sample of families in a particular school
district resulted in the following family sizes:
5 4 5 4 4 3 6 4 3 3 5
6 3 3 2 7 4 5 2 2 2 3
 5 2
At  = 0.05, does the average family size differ from the national average?

z Test for a Proportion

62. A recent survey found that 68.6% of the population owns their homes. In a random sample of
150 heads of households, 92 responded that they owned their homes. At the  = 0.01 level of
significance, does that suggest a difference from the national proportion?
63. It has been found that 50.3% of U.S. households own stocks and mutual funds. A random sample
of 300 heads of households indicated that 171 owned some type of stock. At what level of
significance would you conclude that this was a significant difference?
64. Nationally, at least 60% of Ph.D. students have paid assistantships. A college dean feels that this
is not true in his state, so he randomly selects 50 Ph.D. students and finds that 26 have
assistantships. At  = 0.05, is the dean correct?
 Assignment # 05
Correlation & Regression
65. The yearly data have been published showing the number of releases for each of the
commercial movie studios and the gross receipts for those studios thus far. Based on these data,
can it be concluded that there is a relationship between the number of releases and the gross
receipts?

No. of releases (x) 361 270 306 22 35 10 8 12 21

Gross receipts (y)(million $) 3844 1962 1371 1064 334 241 188 154 125

66. A researcher wants to see if there is a relationship between the number of new productions on
Broadway in any given year and the attendance for the season. The data below were recorded
for a selected number of years. Based on these data, can you conclude a relationship between
the number of new productions in a season and the attendance?

No. of new 54 67 60 54 61 60 50 37
productions
Attendance 7.4 8.2 7.1 8.8 9.6 11 8.4 7.4
(millions)
67. Data for per capita state debt and per capita state tax are as follows:
Per capita debt (x) 1924 907 1445 1608 661
Per capita tax (y) 1685 1838 1734 1842 1317
Find y’ when x = $1500 in per capita debt.

68. A researcher wishes to determine if there is a relationship between the number of day care
centers and the number of group day care homes for counties in Pennsylvania. If there is a
significant relationship, predict the number of group care homes a county has if the county has
20 day care centers.
Day care centers (x) 5 28 37 16 16 48
Group day care homes (y) 2 7 4 10 6 9

69. A study is conducted to determine the relationship between a driver’s age and the number of
accidents he or she has over a 1-year period. The data are shown here. If there is a significant
relationship, predict the number of accidents of a driver who is 28.
Driver’s age (x) 16 24 18 17 23 27 32
No. of accidents (y) 3 2 5 2 0 1 1
Test for Goodness of Fit
70. The population distribution of federal prisons nationwide by serious offenses is the following:
violent offenses, 12.6%; property offenses, 8.5%; drug offenses, 60.2%; public order offenses—
weapons, 8.2%; immigration, 4.9%; other, 5.6%. A warden wants to see how his prison
compares, so he surveys 500 prisoners and finds 64 are violent offenders, 40 are property
offenders, 326 are drug offenders, 42 are public order offenders, 25 are immigration offenders,
and 3 have other offenses. Can the warden conclude that the percentages are the same for his
prison? Use  = 0.05.
71. USA TODAY reported that 21% of loans granted by credit unions were for home mortgages, 39%
were for automobile purchases, 20% were for credit card and other unsecured loans, 12% were
for real estate other than home loans, and 8% were for other miscellaneous needs. To see if her
credit union customers had similar needs, a manager surveyed a random sample of 100 loans
and found that 25 were for home mortgages, 44 for automobile purchases, 19 for credit card
and unsecured loans, 8 for real estate other than home loans, and 4 for miscellaneous needs. At
 = 0.05, is the distribution the same as reported in the newspaper?
72. A survey was targeted at determining if educational attainment affected Internet use. Randomly
selected shoppers at a busy mall were asked if they used the Internet and their highest level of
education attained. The results are listed below. Is there sufficient evidence at the 0.05 level of
significance that the proportion of Internet users differs for any of the groups?
Graduated college + Attended college Did not attend

44 41 35

Test for Independence

73. A survey at a ballpark shows this selection of snacks purchased. At  = 0.10, is the snack chosen
independent of the gender of the consumer?
Snack
Gender Hot dog Peanuts Popcorn
Male 12 21 19
Female 13 8 25

74. An instructor wishes to see if the way people obtain information is independent of their
educational background. A survey of 400 high school and college graduates yielded this
information. At  = 0.05, test the claim that the way people obtain information is independent
of their educational background.
Television Newspapers Other sources
High school 159 90 51
College 27 42 31
Answer:

1.