 JAVA ASSIGNMENT

EXCEPTION
.Exceptional event.
. Error that occurs during runtime.

. Cause normal program flow to be disrupted.

. Examples-

- Divide by zero errors.

- Accessing the elements of an array beyond its range .
- Invalid Input.

. An exception can occur for many different reasons, including the

following:

- A user has entered invalid data.

- A file that has needs to be opened cannot be found.
- A network connections has been lost in the middle of
communication, or the JVM has run out of memory.

“If the exception object is not handled properly, it will display the
error and will terminate the program”.

. EXCEPTION TYPES
. Exception are of two types-

-Built-in Exceptions

-User Defined Exceptions

 Built -in Exceptions
. Built -in exceptions are the exception which are available in Java
libraries. These exceptions are suitable to explain certain error
situations. Below is the list of important built-in Exceptions in Java.

1) Arithmetic Exception
It is thrown when an exceptional condition has occurred in an
arithmetic operation.
2) ARRAYINDEXOUTOFBOUNDEXCEPTION
It is thrown to indicate that an array has been accessed with an
illegal index. The index is either negative or greater than or
equal to size of the array.
3) Class Not Found Exception
This Exception is raised when we try to access a class whose
definition is not found.
4) File Not Found Exception
This Exception is raised when a file is not accessible or does not
open.
5) IO Exception
It is thrown when an input – output operation failed or
interrupted.
6) Interrupted Exception
It is thrown when a thread is waiting, sleeping, or doing some
processing, and it is interrupted.
7) Null Pointer Exception
This exception is raised when referring to the members of a null
object. Null represents nothing.
Example-
// Java program to demonstrate Arithmetic exception
Class Arithmetic Exception _ Demo
Public static void main (string args [ ] )
{
Try {
Int a = 30, b = 0 ;
 Int c = a/b; // cannot divide by zero
System.out.println ( “Result = “ + c );
}
Catch ( Arithmeticexception e) {
System .out.println(“ Cant’t divide a number
by 0”);

User -defined Exception

Sometimes, the built -in exceptions in java are not able to
describe a certain situation. In such cases, user can also create
exceptions which are called ‘user -defined Exception’.
Following steps are followed for the creation of user- defined
exception.
. The user should create an exception class as a subclass of
exception class. Exception class, the user should also make his
class a subclass of it.
. We can write a default constructor in his own exception class.
. We can also create a parameterized constructor with a string
as a parameter. We can call super class (exception) constructor
from this and send the string there.
. To raise exception of user-defined type, we need to create an
object to his exception class and throw it using throw clause as-
My exception me = new exception(“Except ion details”);
Throw me;
. The following program illustrates how to create own exception
class My exception.

.EXCEPTION BLOCK
There are two Block of exception in Java -
they are
 1) Try Block- It is used to enclose the code that might
throw an exception. It must be used within the
method.
If an exception occurs at the particular statement of
try block, the rest of the block code will not be
executed. So, it is recommended not to keeping the
code in try block that will not throw an exception.
Java try must be followed by either catch or finally
block.
Syntax of Java try-catch
Try {
//code that may throw an exception
} catch(Exception_class_Name ref){ }
2) Catch Block- It is used to handle the exception by
declaring the type of exception within the
parameter. The declared exception must be the
parent class exception ( Exception) or the
generated exception type. However, the good
approach is to declare the generated type of
exception.
The catch block must be used after the try block
only. You can use multiple catch block with a single
try block

VARIOUS COMMON EXCEPTION

An exception is an abnormal condition that occurs in a code

sequence during the execution of a program.
Some common exception are

CHECKED EXCEPTIONS

Checked exception are mandatory to handle. They are direct

subclasses of the Exception.

IOEXCEPTION

A method throws an IO Exception or a direct subclass of it when any

Input/output operation fails.

Types uses of these I/O operations include –

. Working with the file system or data streams using java.io package.

. creating network applications using java.net package.

FILE NOT FOUND EXCEPTION

File not found exception is a common type of IO exception while

working with the file system.

INTERRRUPTED EXCEPTION
Whenever a java thread calls join(),sleep(), or wait() it goes into
either the WAITING state or the TIMED_WAITING state.

In addition, a thread can interrupt another thread by calling another

thread’s interrupt () method.

UNCHECKED EXCEPTIONS
For unchecked exceptions, the compiler doesn’t check during the
compilation process. Hence, it isn’t mandatory for the method to
handle these exceptions.

All unchecked exceptions extend the class run time Exception.

NULL POINTER EXCEPTION
If an application attempts to use null where it actually requires an
object instance, the method will throw a null pointer exception.

There are different scene where illegal uses if null causes Null pointer
exception. Let’s consider some of them.

Calling a method of the class that has no object instance.

ARRAY INDEX OUT OF BOUNDS EXCEPTIO

An array stores its elements in contiguous fashion. Thus, we can
access its elements via indices.

However, if a piece of code tries to access an illegal index of an array,

the respective method throws an array index out of bound exception.

STRING INDEX OUT OF BOUND EXCEPTION

The string class in Java provides the methods to access a particular
character array out of the string. When we use these methods,
internally it converts the string into a character array.

Again, there could be an illegal use of indexes on this array. In such

cases, these methods of string class throw the string index out of
bound exception.

This exception indicates that the index is either greater than or equal
to the size of the string. String index out of Bounds exception extends
index out of bound exception.

NUMBER FORMAT EXCEPTION

Quite often an application ends up with numeric data in a String. In
order to interpret this data as numeric. Java allow the conversion of
String to numeric types. The wrapper classes such as Integer. Float,
etc. contains utility methods for this purpose.

However, if the string doesn’t have an appropriate format during the

conversion, the method throws a Number format exception.

CLASS CAST EXCEPTION

Java allows typecasting between the objects in order to support
inheritance and polymorphism. We can either up cast an object or
downcast it.

In up casting, we cast an object to its supertype. And in down casting,

we can cast an object to one of its subtypes.

ILLEGAL ARGUMENT EXCEPTION

A method throws an illegal argument exception if we call it with
some illegal or inappropriate arguments.

ILLEGAL STATE EXCEPTION

Illegal state exception signals that a method’s been involved at an
illegal or inappropriate time.

RUN TIME EXCEPTION

Runtime exception is the superclass of those exception that can be

thrown during the normal operation of the Java virtual machine. A
method is not required to declare in its throw clause any subclasses
of Runtime Exception that might be thrown during the execution of
the method but not caught.

Runtime and its subclasses are unchecked exceptions .Unchecked

exceptions do not need to be declared in a method or construct’s
throw clause if they can be executed of the method or constructor
and propagate outside the method or constructor boundary.

COMPILE TIME EXECUTION

1) Compile time is when the program is compiled.
2) It is when your code started to compile by JVM and it will check
for the syntax error in the code everything is done in compile is
processed by the JVM.
3) The program need not satisfy any invariants. In facts, it needn’t
be a well-formed program at all. You could feed this html to the
compiler and watch it barf.
4) Syntax errors, Type checking errors, compiler crashes can go
wrong in compile time.
5) It is the instance where the code you entered is converted to
execution.
EXCEPTION KEYWORDS
1) Try
2) Catch
3) Finally
4) Throw
5) Throws

1) Try Block- It is used to enclose the code that might

throw an exception. It must be used within the
method.
If an exception occurs at the particular statement of
try block, the rest of the block code will not be
executed. So, it is recommended not to keeping the
code in try block that will not throw an exception.
Java try must be followed by either catch or finally
block.
Syntax of Java try-catch
 Try {
//code that may throw an exception
} catch(Exception_class_Name ref){ }
2) Catch Block- It is used to handle the exception by
declaring the type of exception within the
parameter. The declared exception must be the
parent class exception ( Exception) or the
generated exception type. However, the good
approach is to declare the generated type of
exception.
The catch block must be used after the try block
only. You can use multiple catch block with a single
try block
3) FINALLY BLOCK- It is a block that is used to
execute important code such as closing connection,
stream etc. Java finally block is always executed
whether exception is handled or not. It block
follows try or catch block.
4)THROW- The throw keyword in java is used to
explicitly throw an exception from a method or any
block of code. We can throw either checked or
unchecked exception. It is mainly used to throw
custom exceptions.
5) THROWS- It is a keyword in java which is used
in the signature of method to indicate that this
method might throw one of the listed type
exceptions. The caller to these methods has to
handle the exception using a try- catch block.