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Pill Camera

The document describes a pill camera, which is a capsule-shaped device used to take images of the inside of the gastrointestinal tract. It contains a camera, lights, transmitter and batteries. As it passes through the digestive system, it takes thousands of images which are transmitted to a receiver and can be compiled into a video for doctors to examine for conditions like cancer or ulcers. A newer model called the Sayaka improves image quality by mounting the camera on the side and using magnets to spin it 360 degrees to capture close-up images of the intestinal walls.

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111 views7 pages

Pill Camera

The document describes a pill camera, which is a capsule-shaped device used to take images of the inside of the gastrointestinal tract. It contains a camera, lights, transmitter and batteries. As it passes through the digestive system, it takes thousands of images which are transmitted to a receiver and can be compiled into a video for doctors to examine for conditions like cancer or ulcers. A newer model called the Sayaka improves image quality by mounting the camera on the side and using magnets to spin it 360 degrees to capture close-up images of the intestinal walls.

Uploaded by

mca mce
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Pill camera

Abstract
The aim of Pill Camera technology is to make products in a
large scale for cheaper prices and increased quality. The current
technologies have attained a part of it, but the manufacturing
technology is at macro level.

The future lies in manufacturing product right from the


molecular level. Research in this direction started way back in
eighties. At that time manufacturing at molecular and atomic
level was laughed about. But due to advent of nanotecnlogy we
have realized it to a certain level. One such product
manufactured is PILL CAMERA, which is used for the
treatment of cancer, ulcer and anemia. It has made revolution in
the field of medicine. This tiny capsule can pass through our
body, without causing any harm.
Description of Pill Camera:
The device, called the given Diagnostic Imaging System, comes
in capsule form and contains a camera, lights, transmitter and
batteries. The capsule has a clear end that allows the camera to
view the lining of the small intestine. Capsule endoscopy
consists of a disposable video camera encapsulated into a pill
like form that is swallowed with water. The wireless camera
takes thousands of high-quality digital images within the body
as it passes through the entire length of the small intestine. The
latest pill camera is sized at 26*11 mm and is capable of
transmitting 50,000 color images during its traversal through the
digestive system of patient.

Video chip consists of the IC CMOS image sensor which is used


to take pictures of intestine .The lamp is used for proper
illumination in the intestine for taking photos. Micro actuator
acts as memory to store the software code that is the
instructions. The antenna is used to transmit the images to the
receiver. For the detection of reliable and correct information,
capsule should be able to designed to transmit several
biomedical signals, such as pH, temp and pressure. This is
achieved with the help of Soc.external reference crystal or clock.
The decoder IC receives the serial stream and interprets the
serial information as 4 bits of binary data. Each bit is used for
channel recognition of the control signal from outside the body.
Since the CMOS image sensor module consumes most of the
power compared to the other components in the telemetry
module, controlling the ON/OFF of the CMOS image sensor is
very important.
Moreover, since lightning LED’s also use significant
amount of power, the individual ON/OFF control of each LED
is equally necessary. As such the control system is divided into 4
channels in the current study. A high output current amplifier
with a single supply is utilized to drive loads in capsule.
Though nanotechnology has not evolved to its full capacity
yet the first rung of products have already made an impact on
the market. In the near future most of the conventional
manufacturing processes will be replaced with a cheaper and
better manufacturing process "nanotechnology". Scientists
predict that this is not all nanotechnology is capable of.
They even foresee that in the decades to come, with the
help of nanotechnology one can make hearts, lungs, livers and
kidneys, just by providing coal, water and some impurities and
even prevent the aging effect. Nanotechnology has the power to
revolutionize the world of production, but it is sure to increase
unemployment.
Nanotechnology can be used to make miniature explosives,
which would create havoc in human lives. Every new
technology that comes opens new doors and horizons but closes
some. The same is true with nanotechnology too
How It Works: The Endoscope Camera in a Pill
Pop this pill, and eight hours later, doctors can examine a high-
resolution video of your intestines for tumors and other
problems, thanks to a new spinning camera that captures images
in 360 degrees. Developed by the Japanese RF System Lab, the
Sayaka endoscope capsule enters clinical trials in the U.S. this
month.
Down the Hatch
The patient gulps down the capsule, and the digestive process
begins. Over the next eight hours, the pill travels passively down
the esophagus and through roughly 20 to 25 feet of intestines,
where it will capture up to 870,000 images. The patient feels
nothing.

Power Up
The Sayaka doesn't need a motor to move through your gut, but
it does require 50 milliwatts to run its camera, lights and
computer. Batteries would be too bulky, so the cam draws its
power through induction charging. A vest worn by the patient
contains a coil that continuously transmits power.

Start Snapping
When it reaches the intestines, the Sayaka cam begins capturing
30 two-megapixel images per second (twice the resolution of
other pill cams). Fluorescent and white LEDs in the pill
illuminate the tissue walls.

Spin For Close-Ups


Previous pill cameras place the camera at one end, facing
forward, so the tissue walls are visible only in the periphery of
their photos. Sayaka is the first that gets a clearer picture by
mounting the camera facing the side and spinning 360 degrees
so that it shoots directly at the tissue walls. As the outer capsule
travels through the gut, an electromagnet inside the pill reverses
its polarity. This causes a permanent magnet to turn the inner
capsule and the image sensor 60 degrees every two seconds. It
completes a full swing every 12 seconds—plenty of time for
repeated close-ups, since the capsule takes about two minutes to
travel one inch.
Offload Data
Instead of storing each two-megapixel image internally, Sayaka
continually transmits shots wirelessly to an antenna in the vest,
where they are saved to a standard SD memory card.

Deliver Video
Doctors pop the SD card into a PC, and software compiles
thousands of overlapping images into a flat map of the intestines
that can be as large as 1,175 megapixels. Doctors can replay the
ride as video and magnify a problem area up to 75-fold to study
details.

Leave the Body


At around $100, the cam is disposable, so patients can simply
flush it away.
More How It Works:
1. A hybrid with motors in the wheels
2. The toy dinosaur that thinks for itself
3. A lightweight, fuel-sipping jet engine
4. An HD camcorder that steadies shaky hands
5. A [laser cannon that melts tanks from the air
6. An [earbud with a subwoofer inside
7. Flash memory that can take a dropkick
8. A satellite that can photograph home plate from 425 miles
up.

Results
The camera used in capsule endoscopy takes thousands of
color photos as it passes through your digestive tract. The
images saved on the recorder are transferred to a computer with
special software that strings the images together to create a
video. Your doctor watches the video to look for abnormalities
within your digestive tract.

It might take a few days to a week or longer to receive the


results of your capsule endoscopy. Your doctor will then share
the results with you.

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