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Comparative Study of Spatial Domain Image Steganography Techniques

This document compares techniques for embedding secret information in video files in the spatial and frequency domains. It presents two algorithms: one embeds data in pixel values directly, while the other transforms frames using wavelets before embedding in the frequency bands. The algorithms are tested and evaluated based on metrics like PSNR, MSE, and BER. While both techniques work, embedding in the frequency domain is more efficient as it hides data across the entire frame rather than individual pixels. There is potential to improve frequency domain techniques by targeting specific regions of interest.

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Naveen Pasupuleti
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64 views

Comparative Study of Spatial Domain Image Steganography Techniques

This document compares techniques for embedding secret information in video files in the spatial and frequency domains. It presents two algorithms: one embeds data in pixel values directly, while the other transforms frames using wavelets before embedding in the frequency bands. The algorithms are tested and evaluated based on metrics like PSNR, MSE, and BER. While both techniques work, embedding in the frequency domain is more efficient as it hides data across the entire frame rather than individual pixels. There is potential to improve frequency domain techniques by targeting specific regions of interest.

Uploaded by

Naveen Pasupuleti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Comparative Study of Spatial Domain Image Steganography Techniques

Abstract:

Steganography is a technique for embedding digital information inside another digital medium such
as text, images, audio signals or video signals, without revealing its presence in the medium. In
video steganography, a video file will be used as a cover medium within which any secret message
can be embedded. In steganography, the secret information can be hidden either directly by altering
the pixel values of the images in the spatial domain or in the frequency components of the images
after transforming the images into frequency domain by using transformation algorithms such as
DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform), DWT(Discrete Wavelet Transform) and IW(Integer Wavelet
Transform).. In this paper, secret data are embedded inside a video file using both the methods,
spatial and frequency, and the outcomes are analysed and compared. Results are compared based
on PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), MSE (Mean Square Error), BER (Bit Error Rate) and
Standard Deviation. The findings of this study are given as suggestions for further enhancement.

Existing System:

In Video steganography message can be embedded in a video of any format, either compressed or
uncompressed. The most commonly used format is Audio Video Interleave (AVI) files. suggested
a method to hide the data in a video file using LSB substitution method. In this algorithm, data are
stored in all the pixels of a frame sequentially. A hacker may retrieve the message without much
difficulty. algorithm to hide the data in a grey scale frame of a video in IWT domain. In this
algorithm, the data are hidden in all frequency bands. A method for video Steganography with LSB
substitution.In this method, data are hidden at random locations based on polynomial equations.
technique to hide a grey scale image inside another grey scale image by using 2 level IWT. All
these methods were referred and two algorithms were developed to hide data inside a video file.

Proposed System:

Two algorithms for video steganography in spatial and frequency domains have been suggested
and the coding was written and executed in MATLAB. These algorithms have been tested with
sample data. The results are analysed and the comparison report is presented in this paper. One
method is designed to embed the secret data in the spatial domain (RGB channels) of the video
frame, whereas the other one hides the data in the frequency coefficients of the video frame. In
both the algorithms, sizes of the secret message hidden and a number of bits embedded per pixel
are same. For embedding the message, LSB substitution method is adopted in both the algorithms.
The four least significant bits are replaced by the secret bits.

a)Data Embedding in Spatial domain

b)Data Embedding in Frequency domain

a)Data Embedding in Spatial domain :

The algorithm for embedding the secret message in the RGB channels of a video frame, directly
by modifying the pixel values is given here. This algorithm is implemented using Audio Video
Interleave (AVI) files Read the secret message and convert it into array of characters.

b)Data Embedding in Frequency domain


This algorithm is also implemented in an AVI file. A frame is extracted from the video file and
the frame is transformed by haar wavelet. The haar wavelet transforms the frame into four
frequency bands namely AC, HC, VC and DC.

Software Requirements:

 Operating System:Windows 10/8/7


 Software: MatLab

Hardware Requirements:

 System : Pentium IV 2.4 GHz.


 Hard Disk : 40 GB.
 Floppy Drive : 1.44 Mb.
 Monitor : 15 VGA Colour.
 Mouse : Logitech.
 Ram : 512 Mb.

Conclusion:

As stated in the introduction two algorithms were developed and their performances are evaluated
based on the standard measures such as PSNR, MSE, BER and standard deviation. There is no
much difference between hiding of data in the spatial domain and in the frequency domain, but
still, the efficiency of hiding data in the frequency domain is higher than spatial domain
technique. The efficiency of hiding data in frequency domain can be enhanced further by
embedding the data in the selected regions, Region Of Interest (ROI), instead of hiding it in all
frequencies. There is a scope for the researchers to enhance the performance and the efficiency of
video steganography by using some innovative techniques.

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