EXERCISE # 1

(C) No change in temperature takes place

whether heat is taken in or given out
Q.1 When a hot liquid is mixed with a cold liquid, (D) All of the above
the temperature of the mixture – Q
Sol.[C] Q = mS T  T =
(A) First decrease then becomes constant. mS
(B) First increases then become constant. S 
(C) Continuously increases.
 T  0 for any Q
(D) Is undefined for some time and then
becomes nearly constant.
Sol.[D] Can't say for some time

Q.2 Utensils used for efficient cooking should Q.6 A copper block of mass 2.5 kg is heated in a
have- furnace to a temperature of 500ºC and then
(A) Large heat capacity placed on large ice block. The maximum
(B) Small heat capacity amount of ice that can melt is (Specific heat
(C) Medium heat capacity of copper = 0.39 Jg–1 º C–1, latent heat of
(D) Any heat capacity
fusion of water = 335 Jg–1)
Sol.[B] So that absorb less heat
(A) 1.2 kg (B) 1.455 kg
(C) 1 kg (D) 2.5 kg
Q.3 An electric heater of power 1000W raises the
Sol.[B] mILf = mcsc Tc
temperature of 5 kg of a liquid from 25ºC to
m c SC TC
31ºC in 2 minutes. Heat capacity of the liquid  mI =
is – Lf
(A) 2 × 104 J/ºC (B) 1 × 104 J/ºC 2.5  0.39  (500  0)
= = 1.455 Kg
(C) 3 × 104 J/ºC (D) 4 × 104 J/ºC 335
Sol.[A] 1000 × (2 × 60) = Q = CT = C (31 – 25)
 C = 2 × 104 J /ºC Q.7 When vapour condenses into liquid -
(A) It absorbs heat
Q.4 The water equivalent of a 400 g copper (B) It liberates heat
calorimeter (specific heat = 0.1 cal/g°C) (C) Its temperature increases
(A) 40 g (B) 4000 g (D) Its temperature decreases
(C) 200 g (D) 4 g Sol.[B] Phase Change so T = 0
Sol.[A] Water equivalent, W = ms = 400 × 0.1 = 40
gm Q.8 Heat required to convert one gram of ice at 0ºC
into steam at 100ºC is (given Lsteam = 536 cal/gm,
Lice = 80 cal/g) -
Q.5 If specific heat of a substance is infinite, it
(A) 100 calorie (B) 0.01 kilocalorie
means –
(C) 716 calorie (D) 1 kilocalorie
(A) Heat is given out
Sol.[C] Q = mLf + mSw(100) + mLv
(B) Heat is taken in
= 1[80 + 100 + 536] cal = 716 cal
CALORIMETRY 1
 Sol. True
Heat lost by 1 kg water at 10°C to convert to
Q.9 Work done in converting one gram of ice at water at 0°C.
–10ºC into steam at 100ºC is – Q1 = 1 × 4200 × 10 = 42000 J = 0.42 ×
(A) 3045 J (B) 6056 J 105
(C) 721 J (D) 616 J Heat gained by 1 kg ice at 0°C to convert to
Sol.[C] water at 0°C = Q2 = 1 × 3.36 × 105 J
Clearly Q1 < Q2. Hence it means entire ice
1
Q = [1 × × 10 + 1 × 80 + 1 × 1 × 100 + 1 × cannot be melted, only some part of it melts
2
and final temperature is 0°C
536]
= 721 cal = 3028.2 J

Q.13 The variation of temperature of a material as

Q.10 A bullet moving with a uniform velocity v,
heat is given to it at a constant rate is shown
stops suddenly after hitting the target and the
in figure. The material is in solid state at the
whole mass melts be m, specific heat S, initial
point O. The state of the particle at P
temperature 25ºC, melting point 475ºC and
is ......................
the latent heat L. Then v is given by –

1 mv 2
(A) mL = mS (475 – 25) + .
2 J
mv 2
(B) mS (475 – 25) + mL =
2J
Sol. At P, a change is state is taking place from
mv 2
(C) mS (475 – 25) + mL = solid to liquid. Hence state of substance is
J
mv 2
(D) mS (475 – 25) – mL =
2J
1 1 
Sol.[B]  mv 2  = MS T + MLf
J 2 

Q.11 When heat is supplied to a body, its

temperature must always rise.
Sol. False
Temperature may also remain constant as for
example on supplying heat to ice at 0°C, its
temperature remains constant until it converts
to water at 0°C.

Q.12 When 1 kg of ice at 0ºC is mixed with 1 kg of

water at 10ºC, the resulting temperature is
zero.
CALORIMETRY 2
 EXERCISE # 2
with Heat (Q) supplied to it. At O, the
substance is in solid state. Which of the
following interpretation from the graph is
Q.1 The ratio of specific heat capacity to molar correct –
heat capacity of a body –
(A) Is a universal constant
(B) Depends on the mass of the body
(C) Depends on the molecular weight of the
body
(D) Is dimensionless
Sol.[C] Specific heat capacity of a body
Q (A) T2 is the melting point of the solid
s= (m = mass of body)
m
(B) BC represents the change of state from
Q solid to liquid.
Molar heat capacity of body = c =
m (C) (Q2 – Q1) represent the latent heat of
(n = No. of moles of body) fusion of the substance.
Q (D) (Q3 – Q1) represents the latent heat of
 Q 
c= m = M 
  m  vaporisation of the liquid.
M Sol.[C] The graph suggests the following
(M = molar mass of body) processes :
s 1 Substance in solid state
c = Ms  
c M (below melting point)

Q.2 The specific heat of a substance is given by Substance at its melting point
C = a + bT, where a = 1.12 kJ kg –1c–1 and 
b = 0.016 kJ – kg c–1k–1. The amount of heat Substance in liquid state at melting point
required to raise the temperature of 1.2 kg of 
the material from 280 K to 312 K is – Substance at its boiling point
(A) 205 kJ (B) 215 kJ 
(C) 225 kJ (D) 235 kJ Substance at its boiling point in vapour state
Sol.[C] Heat required 
312 312
Substance at some higher temperature in
=Q=  mCdT =  (1.2)(a  bT)dT
280 280
vapour state
312
Clearly T2 is boiling point of substance. BC
 bT 2  represents the increase in temperature
= 1.2 aT  
 2  remaining in same liquid state. Q3 – Q1
280
= 1.2 [1.12 (312 – 280) represent heat required to change temperature
0.016 of substance from its melting point to its
+ {(312)2 – (280)2}] boiling point. But Q1 – Q2 represents heat
2
released when substance changes from liquid
0.016
= 1.2 [1.12 × 32 + × (97344 – 78400)] state to solid state at its melting point, i.e.
2 latent heat of fusion.
= 1.2 [35.84 + 0.008 × 18944]
= 224.8704 KJ = 225KJ
Q.4 A calorimeter (of water equivalent 50g)
contains 250g of water and 50g of ice at 0ºC.
Q.3 The accompanying graph shows the variation
of temperature (T) of one kilogram material
 30 g of water at 80ºC is added to it. The final 540 cal/g and 80 cal/g, then the final
condition of the system will be – temperature is–
(A) The temperature of the system will be (A) 0ºC (B) 50ºC
4.2ºC (C) 30ºC (D) 100ºC
(B) The temperature of the system will still be Sol.[D] Heat gained by ice at 0°C to convert to water
0ºC and the entire ice will melt. at 100°C
(C) The temperature will be 0ºC and half of
Q1 = 6 × 80 + 6 × 1 × 100 = 1080 cal
the ice will melt.
(D) The temperature will be 0ºC and 30g of Heat lost by steam to condense to water at
ice will melt 100°C = 5× 540 = 2700 cal = Q2
Sol.[D] Heat required by ice to convert to water at
As Q1 < Q2 , it means ice will convert to
0°C
Q1 = 50 × 80 = 4000 cal water at 100°C but entire steam will not
Heat lost by water to convert to 0°C water condense. Hence final temperature is 100°C.
Q2 = 30 × 1 × 80 = 2400 cal
As Q2 < Q1, so this means entire ice cannot Q.7 In a heating experiment, it was noted that the
melt. Hence final temperature will be 0°C temperature of liquid in a beaker rose at 4.0 K
and some amount of ice will melt. Let m gm per minute just before it began to boil, and
mass of ice melts. that 40 minute later, all the liquid had boiled
m × 80 = 2400  m = 30 gm away.
For this liquid, what is the numerical ratio :
Q.5 Ten gm of ice at – 20ºC is dropped into a
specific heat capacity
calorimeter containing 10 gm of water at specific latent heat of vaporisation
10ºC; the specific heat of water is twice that
1 1 1 1
of ice. When equilibrium is reached the (A) (B) (C) (D)
10 40 160 640
calorimeter will contain –
Sol.[C] Let power of source supplying the heat
(A) 20 gm of water
(B) 20 gm of ice For 1 min, change in temperature = T = 4K
(C) 10 gm of ice and 10 gm of water Heat supplied in 1 min = P × 1
(D) 5 gm ice and 15 gm water
So, P × 1 = msT = ms (4)
Sol.[C] Heat gained by ice to convert from –20°C to
0°C P = 4 ms
Q1 = ms = 10 × 0.5 × 20 = 100 cal. ... (1)
Heat liberated by water to come to 0°C For boiling, heat supplied = mL
= 10 × 1 ×10 P (40) = mL
Q2 = 100 cal
mL
As Q1 = Q2, it means heat liberated by water is P= ... (2)
40
just sufficient to take ice to 0°C temperature
but it cannot melt the ice. By (1) and (2),
Hence final temperature is 0°C and mixture mL s 1
contains 10 gm ice and 10 gm water. 4ms = ; 
40 L 160

Q.6 5 g of steam at 100ºC is passed into 6 g of ice

Q.8 Cooling water enters the heat exchanger in
at 0ºC. If the latent heats of steam and ice are
the turbine hall of a nuclear power station at
 6ºC and leaves at 14ºC. The specific heat Heat lost = Heat gained
capacity of water is 4200 J kg–1 K–1. If the 20 × 1 × (40 – T) = 20 × 1 × (T – 30)
rate of heat removal by the water is 6.72 × 10 9
1400
J per minute, what is the rate of water flow ? 800 + 600 = 40°T  T = = 35°C
40
6.72  10 9
(A) kgs–1 So this raises temperature by 5°C
4200  8
6.72  10 9  60 when 4g water at 80°C is added then
(B) kgs–1
4200  8 heat lost = heat gained
6.72  10 9 4 × 1 × (80 – T) = 20 × 1× (T – 30)
(C) kgs–1
4200  8  60
920 = 24T  T = 38.3°C
4200  8
(D) kgs–1 So, this raises the temperature by 38.33°C.
6.72  10 9  60
Sol.[C] Let mkg water flows per second
Q.10 Hailstone at 0ºC falls from a height of 1 km
Now in 60 sec (1 minute), heat removed on an insulating surface converting whole of
= 6.72 × 109 J its kinetic energy into heat. What part of it
will melt ?
6.72  10 9
Now in 1 sec heat removed = J (Given : g = 10 m/s2, Lf = 3.3 × 105)
60
1 1
Heat gained by water in 1 sec (A) (B)
33 8
= m × 4200 × (14 – 6) 1
(C) ×10–4 (D) All of it will melt
= m × 4200 × 8 J 33
By principle of calorimetry, Sol.[A] Initial potential energy of hailstone = Mgh
Just before reaching the ground this potential
Heat lost = Heat gained
energy will convert into kinetic energy.
6.72  10 9 So, required kinetic energy which converts to
= m × 4200 × 8
60 heat energy = Mgh
Let m mass of hailstone melts, so
6.72  10 9
 m= kgs–1 m gh
4200  8  60 Mgh = mL  = =
M L

Q.9 Which of the following would raise the 10  1000 1

5
=
temperature of 20 g of water at 30ºC most, 3.3  10 33
when added to water ? (Specific heat of
copper is 0.1 calg–1ºC–1) Q.11 If there are no heat losses, the heat released
(A) 20 g of water at 40ºC by the condensation of x g of steam at 100ºC
(B) 10 g of water at 27ºC into water at 100ºC can be used to convert y g
(C) 1 kg of copper at 25ºC of ice at 0ºC into water at 100ºC. Then the
(D) 4 g of water at 80ºC ratio y : x is nearly–
Sol.[D] Only a substance at higher temperature will (A) 1 : 1 (B) 2 : 1
be able to raise temperature of water at 30°C (C) 3 : 1 (D) 2.5 : 1
Sol.[C] Heat released in condensation of xg steam to
so option (B) and (C) are rejected.
water at100°C = x × 540 = 540 x
When 20 g of water at 40°C is added then
 Heat required to convert yg ice at 0°C to Heat required to raise temperature of
water at 100°C = y × 80 + y × 1 × 100 = 180y calorimeter by 8°C = Heat required to raise
By principle of calorimetry, heat lost = Heat temperature of 4.5 g water by 8°C.
gained 4.5 × 1 × 8 = 36 cal
540 x = 180 y Heat required to melt 15 gm is placed in
y 540 calorimeter = m × L = 15 × 80 = 1200 cal
= =3:1
x 180

Q.12 2 kg of ice at –20ºC is mixed with 5 kg of

water at 20ºC in an insulating vessel having a
Q.14 The heat capacity of a body depends on–
negligible heat capacity. Calculate the final
(A) the heat given
mass of water remaining in the container.
(B) the temperature raised
It is given that the specific heats of water and
(C) the mass of the body
ice are 1 kcal/kg/ºC and 0.5 kcal/kg/ºC while
(D) the material of the body
the latent heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg.
Sol.[C,D] Heat capacity = ms
(A) 7 kg (B) 6 kg
It depends on mass (m) of the body and its
(C) 4 kg (D) 2 kg
specific heat (s), i.e. material
Sol.[B] Heat gained by ice to convert to 0°C ice
Q1 = 2 × 103 × 0.5 × 20 = 20000 cal Q.15 If heat is supplied to a solid, its temperature–
Heat liberated by water to reach 0°C water (A) must increase
Q2 = 5 × 103 × 1 × 20 = 100000 cal (B) may increase
Heat gained by ice to become water at 0°C (C) may remain constant
Q3 = 2 × 103 × 80 = 160000 cal (D) may decrease
As Q1 + Q3 > Q2, this means entire ice will Sol.[B,C] Temperature may increase for eg. on
reach to 0°C but entire ice cannot melt. Let m supplying heat to water at 20°C.
mass of ice melts. Temperature may remain constant. For e.g. on
supplying heat to ice at 0°C
Excess heat = Q2 – Q1 = 80000 cal
 m × 80 = 80000  m = 1000 gm = 1 kg Q.16 The temperature of a solid object is observed
So finally water present = 5 + 1 = 6 kg to be constant during a period. In this period–
(A) heat may have been supplied to the body
Q.13 The water equivalent of copper calorimeter is (B) heat may have been extracted from the
4.5 g. The specific heat of copper is 0.09 cal body
g–1 ºC–1. Which of the following is incorrect ? (C) no heat is supplied to the body
(A) Mass of calorimeter is 0.5 kg (D) no heat is extracted from the body
(B) Thermal capacity of calorimeter is 4.5 Sol.[A,B] If heat is supplied to ice at 0°C even then
calºC–1 its temperature remains constant until it
(C) Heat required to raise the temperature of converts to water at 0°C.
the calorimeter by 8ºC will be 36 cal If heat is extracted from water at 0°C even
(D) Heat required to melt 15 g of ice placed in then its temperature remains constant until it
the calorimeter will be 1200 cal (consider converts to ice at 0°C.
only ice) Above examples show that heat may have
been supplied or extracted from the body.
Sol.[D] Water equivalent = W = ms  4.5 = m (0.09)
4.5
 m= = 50g = 0.05 kg Q.17 The temperature of an object is observed to
0.09
rise in a period. In this period–
Thermal capacity = ms = W = 4.5 cal/°C (A) heat is certainly supplied to it
 (B) heat is certainly not supplied to it So all is water  100ºC)
(C) heat may have been supplied to it
(D) work may have been done on it
Sol.[C,D] On supplying heat temperature may remain (R)
constant or it may increase. But as it is given
that temperature is increasing heat may have
been supplied or work may have been done on So only vapour (100ºC)
it.
An example of increasing temperature by (S)
doing work is rubbing of hands. On rubbing
of hands they become hot as work done in
rubbing is converted to heat. So only water

Q.19 Three liquids A, B and C are in three separate

containers. Temperature at A, B and C are
10ºC, 15ºC and 20ºC. Mass of each liquid is
same. Relation among specific heat capacity
Q.18 Column-I Column-II of A, B and C are SA = 2SB = 4SC
Column-I Column-II
(A) Final mixture contain (P) 1 kg of ice at –50ºC
(A) Thermal energy of (P) When liquid A and B
only water is mixed with 1×10–2kg
A changes are mixed
of water at 0ºC (B) Thermal energy of (Q) When liquid A and
(B) Final mixture contain (Q) 1 kg of ice at 0º B changes C are mixed
1 (C) Final temperature is (R) When liquid B and C
only ice with kg of steam
3 35
ºC are mixed
at 100ºC 3
(D) Final temperature is (S) When all three liquids
1
(C) Final mixture contain (R) kg of water at 90
3 ºC are mixed
only steam 100ºC with 1.8 kg of 7
steam of 200ºC Sol. A  P,Q, S; B  P,R,S; C  P, D  S
(D) Final temperature is (S) 1 kg of ice at 0ºC (P) mAsATA + mBsBTB = (mAsA + mBsB) T
100ºC with 1 kg of water at
s A TA  s B TB 20  15 35
100ºC T= = =
sA  sB 3 3
Sol. A  Q, S; B  P; C  R; D  Q,R
ºC
10  4  20
(Q) T = = 12ºC
5
(P) Water (0°C)
2  15  20 50
(R) T = = ºC
3 3
So all is Ice 4  10  2  15  20 90
(S) T = = ºC
7 7

(Q)
 EXERCISE # 3
required to convert 50 g of ice at 0°C to water
at 0°C
Q.1 Two solid bodies of equal masses are heated = m × L = 50 × 80 = 4000 cal
at a uniform rate under identical conditions. If mass of vessel be M then heat lost by
The change in temperature in the two cases is vessel
shown graphically. What are their melting = M × s ×  = M × 0.1 × (350 – 0)
points ? = 35 M cal
Find the ratio of their specific heats in solid By principle of calorimetry,
and latent heats. Heat lost = Heat gained
35 M = 3000 + 4000  M = 200 g

Q.3 A solid material is supplied with heat at a

constant rate. The temperature of the material
is changing with the heat input as shown in
the graph in figure. Study the graph carefully
and answer the following questions.
Sol. As is indicated by the graph, the substance
(i) What do the horizontal regions AB and CD
I and II, experience their first latent heat at
represent ?
60°C and 40°C.
(ii) If CD is equal to 2AB then what
conclusion you can draw.
(iii) What does the slope of DE represent?
(iv) The slope of OA > the slope of BC what
does this indicate?

 Melting point of I = 60°C

Melting point of II = 40°C

Q.2 Ice of mass 600 g and at temperature –10 ºC

is placed into a copper vessel heated to
Sol. (i) AB represent change of state from solid
350 ºC. As a result, the vessel now contains to
550 g ice mixed with water. Find the mass of liquid state at constant temperature.
the vessel. The specific heat of copper c = 0.1 CD represent change of state from liquid
cal g–1 ºC–1. Specific latent heat of ice = 80 to
gaseous state at constant temperature
cal g–1, specific heat of ice = 0.5 cal g–1 ºC–1.
(ii) It indicates that,
Sol. As finally ice is present along with water. It
Latent heat of vaporisation of liquid
means final temperature of mixture is 0°C.
= 2 × Latent heat of fusion of solid
Heat required to raise temperature of ice from
( Q = mL)
(iii) DE represent the rise in temperature of
–10°C to 0°C = ms = 600 × 0.5 × (0 – (– gaseous state of solid
10)) = 3000 cal. Q
As finally 550 g ice is left, it means 50 g of Q = msgasT  = msgas
T
ice melts due to heat produced. Thus, heat
 T 1 4. Heat gained by water to increase the
or = = temperature of (10 × 103g) water from
Q ms gas
20°C to 80°C
1
= mwater × swater × (80 – 20)
Heat capacity of gaseous state
= 10 × 103 × 1 × 60 = 60 × 104 cal
Hence, slope of DE indicates the
reciprocal of heat capacity of gaseous By principle of calorimetry,
state of substance. Heat lost = Heat gained
(iv) During OA,  = mssolid T 50 m + 540 m + 20 m = 60 × 104
T 1 60  10 4
 = m= = 1000 g = 1kg/h
Q ms solid 600
During BC, Q = msliquid T
T 1 Q.5 If 10% of the energy released due to the
 = ms
Q liquid freezing of 1kg of water at 0 ºC, were utilized
During BC, Q = msliuqid T to lift a 100 kg man, how high could he be
T 1 lifted ? [ g = 10 m/s2, Lf = 3.36 × 105 J/kg ]
 = ms
Q liquid
Sol. Let height to which man is lifted be 'h'. Heat
Slope of OA > Slope of BC
lost to convert 1 kg water at 0°C into 1 kg ice
1 1
> at 0°C
ms solid ms liquid
= m × L = 1 × 3.36 × 105 = 3.36 × 105 J
sliquid > ssolid 10% of this heat energy is used to lift the mass,
Hence it indicates that specific heat capacity
so,
of substance in liquid state is greater than the
specific heat capacity in solid state. 10
× 3.36 × 105 = mgh
100
Q.4 In an industrial process 10 kg of water per 3.36 × 104 = 100 × 10 × h
hour is to be heated from 20 ºC to 80 ºC. To
3.36  10 4
do this, steam at 150 ºC is passed from a h= = 3.36 × 10 = 33.6 m
boiler into a copper coil immersed in water. 10 3
The steam condenses in the coil and is
returned to the boiler as water at 90 ºC. How Q.6 Equal volumes of three liquids of densities
many kg of steam is required per hour ? 1, 2 and 3, specific heat capacities c 1, c2
Specific heat of steam = 0.46 cal/g ºC. and c3 and temperatures t1, t2 and t3,
Latent heat of steam = 540 cal/g.
respectively are mixed together, What is the
Sol. Let mass of steam required per hour be m
gram. Now process takes place in following 4 temperature of the mixture? Assume no
steps: change in volume on mixing.
1. Heat lost in converting m gm steam at Sol. Let volume of each liquid be V and final
150°C to m gm steam at 100°C
temperature be T.
= m × 1 × (150 – 100) = 50 m cal.
Net heat involved in process = 0
2. Heat lost in converting m gram steam at
100°C to m gm water at 100°C Heat gained by I + Heat gained by II + Heat
= m × 540 = 540 m cal gained by III = 0
3. Heat lost to decrease the temperature of m1c1 (t – t1) + m2c2 (t – t2) + m3c3 ( t – t3) = 0
water obtained from 100°C to 90°C V1c1(t – t1) + V2 c2 (t – t2) + V3 c3 (t – t3) = 0
= m × 1 × 10 = 10 m cal
(1c1 + 2c2 + 3c3) t = 1c1t1 + 2c2t2 + 3c3t3
 1 c 1 t 1   2 c 2 t 2   3 c 3 t 3 and the ice reflects 90% of the radiation, how
t= much ice will melt per hour?
1c1   2 c 2   3 c 3
Sol. Heat received per m2 in sec = 1400 J
Heat received on 50 m2 in 1 sec
Q.7 The temperatures of equal masses of three
= 1400 × 50 = 7 × 104 J
different liquids A, B and C are 12 ºC, 19 ºC
Heat received per 50m2 in 3600 sec
and 28 ºC respectively, The temperature when
= 3600 × 7 × 104 = 252 × 106 J
A and B are mixed is 16 ºC and when B and
Useful heat received per 50 m2 in 3600 sec
C are mixed is 23 ºC, what would be the
10
temperature when A and C are mixed ? =  252  10 6 = 252 × 105 J
100
Sol. Let mass of each liquid be m
Liquid mass Specific Heat Initial Now 80 × 4200 J of heat melts = 1 kg ice
temp. 252 × 105 J of heat melts
A m sA 12°C 1
= × 252 × 105 kg ice
B m sB 19°C 80  4200
C m sC 28°C = 75 kg ice at 0°C
When A and B are being mixed, B being at
higher temperature loses heat and A gains Q.9 0.020 kg of ice and 0.10 kg of water at 0 ºC
heat. are in a container. Steam at 100 ºC is passed
By principle of calorimetry, until all the ice is just melted. How much
msB (19 – 16) = msA(16 – 12) water is now in the container ? (Specific
3 latent heat of steam = 2.3 × 10 6 J kg–1;
3sB = 4sA  sA = s B
4 latent heat of ice= 3.4 × 105 J kg–1; specific
When B and C are mixed, then C being at heat capacity of water=4.2 × 103 J kg–1 ºC–1)
higher temperature loses heat and B gains
heat. By principle of calorimetry, Sol. As the ice just melts it means equilibrium
msC (28 – 23) = msB (23 – 19) temperature = 0°C or final temperature = 0°C.
4 Heat required to convert 0.02 Kg ice at 0°C to
5sC = 4sB  sC = sB water at 0°C = 0.02 × 3.4 × 10 5 = 6800 J.
5
Let m gram steam condenses to 0°C water.
When A and C are mixed let final temperature
be T. As C is at higher temperature, it loses So, heat lost by steam
heat and A gains heat = m × Lsteam + ms
By principle of calorimetry, = m × 2.3 × 106 + m × 4.2 × 103× 100
msC = msA  = 27.2 m × 105
4 3 As heat gained = heat lost
s B (28 – T) = s B (T – 12)
5 4 So 6800 = 27.2 m × 105
28  T 3 5 15 m = 250 × 10–5 kg = 0.0025 kg
 =  =
T  12 4 4 16 So, final amount of water
448 – 16T = 15T – 180 = 0.02 + 0.1 + 0.0025
448  180 = 0.1225 kg
 T= = 20.2°C
31
So, final temperature when A and C are Q.10 1 kg of ice at 0 ºC is mixed with 1 kg of
mixed is 20.2°C. steam at 100 ºC. What will be the
composition of the system when thermal
Q.8 The surface of a pond of area 50 m2 is equilibrium is reached? Latent heat of fusion
covered with ice at 0 ºC. If the earth receives of ice = 3.36 × 105 J/kg and latent heat of
1400 watt of solar radiation per square meter vaporization of water = 2.26 × 106 J/kg.
Sol. Heat required by ice at 0°C to convert to msT ms(0   i )
water at 0°C = 1 × 3.36 × 105 J = 3.36 × 105 J P = = = –
t 1
Heat released by steam at 100°C to convert to
water at 100°C = 1× 2.26 × 106 = 2.26 × 106 J msi ...(1)
Heat required to convert water at 0°C to water During AB, Pt = mLice
at 100°C = 1 × 4200 × 100 = 4.2 × 105 J
mL ice
So net heat required to convert ice at 0°C to  P= ...
4
water at 0°C = (3.36 + 4.2) × 105
= 7.56 × 105 J (2)
This heat is less than heat released by steam, During BC, Q = mswater 
so this means final temperature will be
 Pt = mswater 
100°C and some steam will condense to
water at 100°C by absorbing 7.56 × 10 5 J ms water ( f  0)
P=
heat. If m kg is mass of steam condensed. 2
7.56 × 105 = m × 2.26 × 106 ...(3)
m = 0.3345 kg
ms water  f mL ice
Final composition = (1 + 0.3345) kg water By (2) and (3), =
2 4
+ 0.6655 kg steam
= 1.3345 kg water + 0.6655 kg steam 1 L ice 1 3.36  10 5
f = = × =
2 S water 2 4200
Q.11 A certain amount of ice is supplied heat at a
constant rate for 7 minute. For the first 1 40°C
minute, the temperature rises uniformly with
time, then it remains constant for the next 4 Q.12 How many gram of ice at –14 ºC are needed
minute and again rises at a uniform rate for to cool 200 g of water from 25 ºC to 10 ºC ?
the last 2 minute. Explain physically these [ cice = 0.5 cal/g ºC and LF for ice = 80 cal/g].
observation and calculate the final
temperature. Latent heat of ice = 336 × 10 3 J Sol. Heat liberated by water to reach 10°C

kg–1 and cwater = 4200 J kg–1 K–1. = 200 × 1 × 15 = 3000 Cal

Let m gram of ice is required
Sol. Process:
So heat gained by ice
Ice at some temperature (below 0°C)
m  0.5  14 m  80
= to become ice at 0C + latent heat

ice at 0°C m  1 10
+ to become water at 10C = 97 m
 By principle of calorimetry,
water at some final temperature Heat lost = Heat gained
3000 = 97 m m = 30.927 g

Q.13 A copper calorimeter of mass 100 g contains

200 g of a mixture of ice and water. Steam at
100 ºC under normal pressure is passed into
During OA, Q = msT  Pt = msT the calorimeter and the temperature of the
where P = power of source supplying heat mixture is allowed to rise to 50 ºC. If the
mass of the calorimeter and its contents is
 now 330 g. What was the ratio of ice and m ice 0.08839 0.08839
= = =
water in the beginning ? Neglect heat losses. m water 0.2  0.08839 0.1116
Given 0.792
Specific heat capacity of copper
= 0.42 × 103 J kg–1 K–1 Q.14 A vessel contains 0.2 kg water at 70ºC. When
Specific heat capacity of water 0.05 kg ice at 0ºC is dropped into the vessel,
= 4.2 × 103 J kg–1 K–1 the temperature of the vessel falls to 40ºC.
When 0.08 kg more ice is added, the
Latent heat of fusion of ice
temperature of the vessel is reduced to 10ºC.
= 3.36 × 105 J kg–1 Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion of
Latent heat of condensation of steam ice and also the water equivalent of the
= 22.5 × 105 J kg–1 vessel.
Sol. Let there was m kg ice and (0.2 – m) kg water
initially. Also as they are in equilibrium, Sol. Let water equivalent of vessel be w and
initial temperature is 0°C. specific latent heat of fusion of ice be L.
Finally the total mass becomes 330 g and When 0.05 kg ice at 0°C is dropped, final
initial total was 300 g. It means 30g of steam temperature = 40°C
have condensed to water.
Heat gained by ice to change from 0°C to
Now, heat gained by ice at 0°C to convert to
40°C water
ice at 50°C = m × 3.36 × 10 5 + × m × 4.2
= 0.05 L + 0.05 × 4200 (40 – 0)
×103 ×50
= 0.05 L + 8400
Heat gained by water at 0°C to convert to
water at 50°C = (0.2 – m) ×4.2 ×103 ×50 Heat lost by (water + calorimeter) to change
Heat gained by calorimeter in rising its its temperature from 70°C to 40°C
temperature from 0°C to 50°C = (0.2 + w) × 4200 × (70 – 40)
= 0.1 × 0.42 × 103 × 50 = 126000 (0.2 + w)
Heat lost by steam to convert to water at 50°C By principle of calorimetry,
5 3
= 0.03 × 22.5 × 10 + 0.03 × 4.2 × 10 × 50 Heat lost = Heat gained
As per principle of calorimetry, 126000 (0.2 + w) = 0.05 L + 8400 ...... (1)
Total heat lost = Total heat gained Now, total amount of water present in vessel
5 3
0.03 × 22.5 × 10 + 0.03 × 4.2 × 50 × 10 = 0.2 + 0.05 = 0.25 kg
5 3
= m × 3.36 × 10 + m × 4.2 × 10 × 50 + If again 0.08 kg of ice is added to vessel its
3 3
(0.2 – m) × 4.2 × 10 × 50 + 0.1 × 0.42 × 10 × 50 temperature falls from 40°C to 10°C
6 6
[0.2 × 0.21 × 10 – 0.21 × 10 × m Heat required to convert 0.08 kg ice at 0°C to
5 6
+ 3.36 × 10 m + 0.21 × 10 m] water at 10°C
= 0.675 × 105 + 6.3 × 103 – 0.21 × 104 = 0.08 L + 0.08× 4200 × (10 – 0)
3.36 × 105 m = (67.5 + 6.3 – 2.1 – 42) × 103 = 0.08 L + 3360
3
29.7  10 Heat lost by water in vessel
m= 5
= 0.08839 Kg
3.36  10 = (0.25 + w) × 4200 × (40–10)
= 126000 (0.25 + w)
126000 (0.25 + w) = 0.08 L + 3360 ..... (2)
Subtracting (1) from (2) we get,
 6300 = 0.03 L – 5400 Heat required by ice to reach 100°C
L = 378000 J/kg = 3.78 × 105 J/kg = 200 × 80 + 200 × 1 × 100
By (2), 126000 w = 2100 = 36000 cal
w = 1.67 × 10–3 Kg So net heat required by calorimeter and its
contents to reach 100°C = 36000 + 31000
Q.15 A liquid of density 850 kg m -3 flows through
= 67000 cal
a calorimeter at the rate of 7.44 × 10 –6m3 per
Q2 = 67000 cal
second. Heat is added by means of a 300 watt
electric heating coil and a temperature As this heat (Q2) is less than net heat evolved
difference of 30ºC is established in the steady by steam at 100°C to convert to water at
conditions between the inflow and outflow 100°C(Q1). So this means few part of steam
points. Find the specific heat capacity of the
absorbs heat and converts to water and final
liquid.
temperature is 100°C.

Sol. Heat added by coil in 1 second = 300 J

In 1 second amount of liquid flowing
= 850 × 7.44 × 10–6 kg Passage (Question 17 to 19)
Long long ago, In the northern part of Russia
Heat gained by coil = ms
where water is available in the form of ice. To
= 850 × 7.44 × 10–6 × s×30
drink water people devise some mechanical kind
of instrument to prepare water from ice.
 300 = 850 × 7.44 × 30×10–6×s First they put ice into a pocket which is made by
300 skin of animal whose heat capacity is negligible
s= –6
J/kg K
30  850  7.44  10 and put the system on the ground. With some
s = 1581.277 J/Kg K mechanical arrangement they lift a heavy stone of
mass 50 kg upto a height of 2.1 m and released so
that it falls free under gravity and strikes to ice
Q.16 A calorimeter contains a mixture of 250 g of
which is kept in animal skin pocket. The loss in
water and 200 g of ice at 0 ºC. The water
potential energy in this process goes into the ice in
equivalent of the calorimeter is 60 g. Now
the form of heat. This process is repeated till the
300 g of steam at 100 ºC is passed through whole ice is melted and raised to required
this mixture, then calculate the final temperature. Time taken in one complete cycle of
temperature of the mixture [ Latent heat of lifting the stone for 2.1 m and falling it on the ice
steam = 536 cal/g and Latent heat of ice = 80 is termed as time period for the process. Under
cal/g ] the given observation answer the following
questions.
Sol. Heat evolved by steam at 100°C to convert to
(g = 10 m/s2, Lf = 3.36 × 105)
water at 100°C = 300 × 536 = 160800 cal
Q1 = 1.608 × 105 cal Q.17 If time period is 2 sec then amount of ice at
Heat required by water + calorimeter to reach 0ºC melted in 1 minute is (All loss in energy
100 °C = (250 + 60) × 1 × 100 = 31000 cal goes to ice)
 (A) 90 gm (B) 93.75 gm Sol.[A] If animal skin is not perfectly non conducting
(C) 95 gm (D) 98 gm then it will also conduct some heat, i.e. some
heat will also be gained by it. Hence we will
Sol.[B] In 1 time period loss in potential energy have to supply more heat in addition to heat
= mstone g h = 50 × 10 × 2.1 to be supplied to melt ice. Thus time will
So in 2 sec, total energy supplied to ice increase.

50 × 10 × 2.1
In 1 minute (60 sec), total energy supplied to
ice

50  10  2.1  60
=
2
If m mass of ice melts then
50  10  2.1  60
m × 3.36 × 105 =
2  3.36  10 5
m = 0.09375 kg = 93.75 gm

Q.18 In what time 1 kg of ice at –10ºC will be

converted to water at 10ºC If time period is
2 sec. (Assume 50% loss in energy goes to
ice)
(A) 25.33 minute (B) 30.33 minute
(C) 33.33 minute (D) 40 minutes
Sol.[A] Heat required to convert ice at – 10°C to
water at 10°C = 1 × 2100 × (0 – (10) + 1 ×
4200 × 80
+ 1 × 4200× (10 – 0) =
399000 J
Now in 2 sec, heat developed = mstone gh
= 50 × 10 × 2.1 = 1050 J
1050
Heat supplied in time t =  t = 525 t
2
50
  525t = 399000
100
399000  2
t = = 1520 sec = 25.33
525
min

Q.19 If animal skin pocket is not perfectly non-

conducting then the time calculated in Q.18
will be –
(A) increase
(B) decrease
(C) does not depend on pocket nature
(D) may be increase or decrease it depends on
time period
 EXERCISE # 4
The remaining heat = Q = Q1 – Q2 = 0.8 × 105
cal
will melt a mass m of ice where
Q.1 A block of ice at – 10ºC is slowly heated and Q 0.8  10 5
m= = = 1000 g = 1 kg
converted to steam at 100ºC. Which of the L 80
So the temperature of the mixture will be 0°C
following curves represents the phenomenon
mass of water in it is 5 + 1 = 6 kg and mass
qualitatively – [IIT– of ice = 2 – 1 = 1 kg
2000]
Q.3 Calorie may be defined as amount of heat
energy required to raise the temp of 1 gram
(A) (B)
water by 1ºC from- [IIT - 2005]
(A) 13.5ºC to 14.5ºC at 76 mm of Hg
(B) 3.5ºC to 4.5ºC at 76 mm of Hg
(C) 98.5ºC to 99.5ºC at 760 mm of Hg
(C) (D)
(D) 14.5 ºC to 15.5ºC at 760 mm of Hg
Sol.[D] As per old definition of calorie it is the heat
Sol.[A] The process occurring are the following : required to raise temperature of 1g of water at
(A) Conversion of ice at (– 10°C) to ice at 14.5°C to 15.5°C at 760 mm of Hg.
0°C, Q = ms (T – (–10))
 Q = msT + ms (10) Q.4 Water of volume 2 L in a container is heated
Q varies linearly with T with a coil of 1 kW at 27ºC. The lid of the
(B) Conversion of ice at 0°C to water at 0°C container is open and energy dissipates at rate
Q = mL  Q does not vary with T
(C) Conversion of water at 0°C to water at of 160 J/s. In how much time temperature
100°C, Q = ms(T – 0)  Q = msT, will rise from 27ºC to 77ºC ?
 Q increases with T [Given specific heat of water is 4.2 kJ/kg]
(D) Conversion of water at 100°C to steam at [IIT- 2005]
100°C  Q = mLvaporization, Q does not
vary with T (A) 8 min 20 s (B) 6 min 2 s
(C) 7 min (D) 14 min
Q.2 2Kg ice at – 20ºC is mixed with 5 kg water at Sol.[A] Q = (1000 – 160) × t
20ºC. Then final amount of water in the = 20 × (4.2 × 103) × (77 – 27)
mixture would be Given , specific heat of ice 2  4200  50
t= = 500 sec
= 0.5/gºC specific heat of water = 1 cal/gºC, 840
Latent heat of fusion of ice = 80 cal/g-
(A) 4kg (B) 6 kg t = 8 min 20 sec.
(C) 3kg (D) 7kg [IIT- 2003]
Sol.[B] Heat released by 5 kg water when its Q.5 An ice cube of mass 0.1 kg at 0ºC is placed in
temperature falls from 20°C to 0°C is
an isolated container which is at 227ºC. The
Q1 = ms = (5 × 103) (1) (20)
= 105 cal specific heat S of the container varies with
When 2 kg ice at – 20°C comes to a temperature T according to the empirical
temperature of 0°C, it takes an energy relation S = A + BT, where A = 100 cal/kg-K
Q2 = ms = (2 × 103) (0.5) (20) and B = 2 × 10–2 cal/kg-K2. If the final
= 0.20 × 105 cal
 temperature of the container is 27ºC, passed through the ice. Find the final
determine the mass of the container. temperature of mixture.
[Latent heat of fusion for water = 8 × 10 4 [Given:Lfusion=80 cal/g, Lvaporization = 540 cal/g,
cal/kg, specific heat of water = 103 cal/kg-K] Sice = 0.5 cal/g, SW = 1 cal/g ] [IIT- 2006]
[IIT- 2001] Sol. Q1
0.05 kg steam at 373 K  0.05 kg water at 373 K
Sol. Here the equilibrium temperature is
0.05 kg water at 373 K Q
2 0.05 kg water at 273 K

273 + 27 = 300 K
0.43 kg ice at 253 K Q
3 0.43 kg water at 273 K

Also according to the principle of calorimetry 0.043 kg ice at 273 K Q

4 0.43 kg water at 273 K

Heat lost by container = Heat gained by ice. (1)

Q1 = (50) (540) = 27000 cal = 27 Kcal
Q2 = (50) (1) (100) = 5000 cal = 5 Kcal
Heat lost by Container
Let dQ be the heat lost when the temperature Q3 = (430) (0.5) (20) = 4300 cal = 4.3 Kcal
decreases by dT at any instant when the Q4 = (430) (80) = 34400 cal = 34.4 Kcal
temperature of the container is T. Since Q1 + Q2 > Q3 but Q1 + Q2 < Q3 + Q4
 dQ = mS.dT
ice will come to 273 K from 253 K, but
Where m is the mass of the container and
whole ice will not melt.
S = A + BT is specific heat at the temperature
Therefore temperature of the mixture is 273
 dQ = m(A + BT)dT
On integrating we get K
300

Q =
500
 m(A  BT)dT = Q.7 A piece of ice (heat capacity = 2100 Jkg –1ºC–1
and latent heat = 3.36 × 10 8 J kg–1) of mass m
300 grams is at –5ºC at atmospheric pressure. It
 BT 2 
m AT   is given 420 J of heat so that the ice starts
 2 
500 melting. Finally when the ice-water mixture
= – 21600 m (heat lost) is in equilibrium, it is found that 1 gm of ice
Heat gained by ice has melted. Assuming there is no other heat
This heat is to be divided into two parts exchange in the process, the value of m is ?
[IIT- 2010]
(i) 0° Ice ° water
Sol. The amount of heat required to raise the temp
(ii) 0° water  27° water from –5°C to 0°C.
Q1 = mL = 0.1 × 80000 = 8000 cal Q1 = m × 2100 × 10–3 × 5 = 10.5 m Joule
The amount of heat required to melt 1 gm
Q2 = msT = 0.1 × 103 × 27 = 2700 cal ice = 10–3 × 3.36 × 105 = 336 J
 Q1 + Q2 = 8000 + 2700 = 10, 700 Cal .... (2) 420 = 336 + 10.5 m
10.5 = 84
From (1) and (2)
m = 8 gm. Ans.
21600 m = 10, 700
 m = 0.495 Kg

Q.6 A thermally insulated container has 0.43 kg of

ice at –20ºC. Steam (0.05 kg) at 373 K is
 EXERCISE # 5(ARCHIVES)
(melting point of lead = 327 ºC, specific heat
of lead = 0.03 cal/g-ºC, latent heat of fusion
of lead = 6 cal/g, J = 4.2 J/cal) [IIT- 1981]
Q.1 Steam at 100ºC is passed into 1.1 kg of water
contained in a calorimeter of water equivalent Sol. let v then
0.02 kg at 15ºC till the temperature of the 75 1
calorimeter and its contents rises to 80ºC. The × mv2 = [ms (327 – 27) + mLf] J
100 2
mass of the steam condensed in kg is –
8
[IIT- 1986] v2 = [0.03 × 300 + 6] × 4.2
3
(A) 0.130 (B) 0.065
v = 12.56 m/sec
(C) 0.260 (D) 0.135
Sol.[A] Heat gained by (water + calorimeter) to raise
Q.3 The temperature of 100 g of water is to be
its temperature from 15°C to 80°C
= (mwater + w) × s ×  raised from 24 ºC to 90 ºC by adding steam to

= (1.1 + 0.02) × 4200 × (80–15) it. Calculate the mass of the steam required
= 1.12 × 4200 × 65 J for this purpose. [IIT- 1996]
Let mass of steam condensed be mKg Sol. Heat gained by water in rasing its temperature
Heat lost by steam to convert to water at from 24°C to 90°C is = ms
100°C
= 100 × 1 × (90 – 24) = 6600 cal
= m × L = m × 540 × 4200 J
Heat lost by steam as its temperature drops
Heat lost by above water to reach to 80°C
from 100°C to 90°C
water
= m × 4200 × 20 J
m  L  ms
By principle of calorimetry
Heat lost = Heat gained
=
During state For change
1.12 × 4200 × 65 change of temp. from
= m × 540 × 420 + m × 4200 × 20
1.12 × 4200 × 65 = 4200 (540 m + 20 m)
100C to 90C
= m × 540 × m × 1 × 10
72.8
m= = 0.13 kg = 550 m
560
As per principle of calorimetry

Q.2 A lead bullet just melts when stopped by an Heat lost = Heat gained
obstacle. Assuming that 25 percent of the heat  6600 = 550 m
is absorbed by the obstacle, find the velocity 6600
m= = 12 g
of the bullet if its initial temperature is 27ºC. 550
Q.4 A calorimeter of water equivalent 140 g
contains 860 g of water at 25 ºC. If 350 g of
ice at 0ºC are added to the water how much of
ice will remain unmelted. Now how much
steam at 100ºC must be passed into the mixture
to raise the temperature to 40ºC. (Lv = 540 cal/g,
Lf = 80 cal/g)
Sol. Heat lost by (water + calorimeter) to reach
0°C = (140 + 860) × 1× 25 = 25000 cal
Let m mass of ice melt
25000
 m= = 312.5 gm
80
 Ice remaining unmelted
= 350 – 312.5 = 37.5 g
Now to raise temperature to 40°C
Heat gained by water + calorimeter
= (860 + 312.5 + 140) × 1× 40
Heat gained by ice
= 37.5 × 80 + 37.5 × 1 × 40
If m gram of steam is required,
Heat lost by steam to convert to water at 40°C
= m × 540 + m × 1 × 60 = 600 m
By principle of calorimetry,
Heat lost = Heat gained
600 m = 52500 + 3000 + 1500
m = 95 g