A Technical seminar report

on

GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

In partial fulfillment of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology

in

Computer Science and Engineering

by

C.DIKSHITH KUMAR (157R1A0516)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CMR TECHNICAL CAMPUS

(Accredited by NBA, Permanently Affiliated to JNTUH, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
Recognized Under Section 2(f) & 12(B) of the UGC Act.1956,

Kandlakoya (V), Medchal Road, Hyderabad-501401.

2018-2019
 CMR TECHNICAL CAMPUS
(Accredited by NBA, Permanently Affiliated to JNTUH, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)

Recognized Under Section 2(f) & 12(B) of the UGC Act.1956,

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Seminar Report entitled with "GI-FI TECHNOLOGY" is a record
of bonafide work carried out by the C. DIKSHITH KUMAR with bearing hall ticket
number(157R1A0516) during the academic year 2018-19 in partial fulfillment of the award of the
degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering.

Seminar Coordinators Seminar Supervisor

1. B. Krishna MD. RAFEEQ

(Assoc.Professor) (Assoc.Professor)

2. JSVRS Sastry

(Asst.Professor)

Head of the Department

Dr. K. Srujan Raju

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I wish to express our deep and sincere feeling of gratitude towards our great
institution, CMR Technical Campus for providing us with opportunity of fulfillment of our long-
cherished goal of becoming BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
AND ENGINEERING . I am very much thankful to our Director Dr. A. Raji Reddy and our
HoD Dr.K. Srujan Raju having provided me an excellent academic atmosphere in the institution. It
is with the immense pleasure that we would like to express our gratitude to our guides MR. B. Krishna
and Mr. JSVRS Sastry, Department of CSE who has guided us a lot and encouraged us in every step
seminar work.We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our Chairman Shri. Ch. Gopal Reddy
for his encouragement throughout the course of this seminar.

I also thank all the staff members and friends who assisted me.

C.DIKSHITH KUMAR

(157R1A0516)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO TOPIC PAGE NO

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Objective 2

1.2 Purpose 3

1.3 Disadvantages of Bluetooth and Wi-Fi 4

1.4 Scope 5

1.5 Organization of Documentation 5

2 Literature survey 6

2.1 Currently using Technologies 6

2.1.1 Bluetooth 6

2.1.2 Wi-Fi 6

2.1.3 Bluetooth vs Wi-Fi 6

3 Working Principle 7

4 Technologies used 8

5 Analysis 11

5.1 What is Gi-Fi 12

5.2 Working in Gi-Fi 12

5.2.1 Time Division Duplex 12

5.2.2 Ultra-Wide4 Band Frequency range 13

5.2.3 Features 13
 5.2.4 Applications 14

5.2.5 Future enhancements 18

6 Conclusion 19

7 References 19
ABSTRACT
Gi-Fi will helps to push wireless communications to faster drive. For many years cables
ruled the world. Optical fibers played a dominant role for its higher bit rates and faster
transmission. But the installation of cables caused a greater difficulty and thus led to wireless
access. The foremost of this is Bluetooth which can cover 9-10mts. Wi-Fi followed it having
coverage area of 91mts. No doubt, introduction of Wi-Fi wireless networks has proved a
revolutionary solution to “last mile” problem. However, the standard's original limitations for
data exchange rate and range, number of channels, high cost of the infrastructure have not yet
made it possible for Wi-Fi to become a total threat to cellular networks on the one hand, and
hard-wire networks, on the other. But the man’s continuous quest for even better technology
despite the substantial advantages of present technologies led to the introduction of new, more
up-to-date standards for data exchange rate i.e., Gi-Fi.
Gi-Fi or Gigabit Wireless is the world's first transceiver integrated on a single chip that
operates at 60GHz on the CMOS process. It will allow wireless transfer of audio and video
data up to 5 gigabits per second, ten times the current maximum wireless transfer rate, at one-
tenth of the cost, usually within a range of 10 meters. It utilizes a 5mm square chip and a 1mm
wide antenna burning less than 2 watts of power to transmit data wirelessly over short
distances, much like Bluetooth.
The development will enable the truly wireless office and home of the future. As the
integrated transceiver is extremely small, it can be embedded into devices. The breakthrough
will mean the networking of office and home equipment without wires will finally become a
reality.
There are many usage scenarios that can be addressed by Gi-Fi. The following are some
mobility usage applications of Gi-Fi.

Household appliances:
Consumers could typically download a high definition movie from a kiosk in a matter
of seconds to a music player or smart phone and having got home could play it on a home
theatre system or store it on a home server for future viewing, again within a few seconds, high
speed internet access, streaming content download (video on demand, HDTV, home theater,
etc.), real time streaming and wireless data bus for cable replacement It makes the WIRELESS
HOME AND OFFICE OF THE FUTURE. Within five years, we expect Gi-Fi to be the
dominant technology for wireless networking. By that time, it will be fully mobile, as well as
providing low- cost, high broadband access, with very high-speed large files swapped within
seconds which will develop wireless home and office of future. If the success of Wi-Fi and the
imminent wide usage of Wi-MAX is any indication, Gi-Fi potentially can bring wireless
broadband to the enterprise in an entirely new way.
 LIST OF FIGURES

S.NO NAME PAGE NO.

1 Fig. 1.1 Gi-Fi 5

2 Fig. 3.1 Time Division Duplex 8

3 Fig 4.1 Operation at 60 GHz 10

4 Fig 5.1 The Gi-Fi integrated chip 12

 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

Wi-Fi (ieee-802.11b) and Wi-Max (ieee-802.16e) have captured our attention. As there
are no recent developments which transfer data at faster rate as video information transfer taking
lot of time.

This leads to introduction of Gi-Fi technology. It offers some advantages over Wi-Fi, a
similar wireless technology, in that it offers faster information rate in Gbps, less power
consumption and low cost for short range transmissions.

Gi-Fi which is developed on an integrated wireless transceiver chip. In which a small

antenna used and both transmitter- receiver integrated on a single chip. which is fabricated using
the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)process. Because of Gi-Fi transfer of
large videos, files will be within seconds

Gi-Fi or gigabit wireless refers to a wireless communication at a data rate of more than one
billion bits (gigabit) per second. By 2004 some trade press used the term "Gi-Fi" to refer to faster
versions of the IEEE 802.11 standards marketed under the trademark Wi-Fi. In 2008 researchers
at the University of Melbourne demonstrated a transceiver integrated on a single integrated
circuit (chip) that operated at 60 GHz on the CMOS process. It will allow wireless transfer of
audio and video data at up to 5 gigabits per second, ten times the current maximum wireless
transfer rate, at one-tenth the cost. Researchers chose the 57–64 GHz unlicensed frequency band
since the millimeter-wave range of the spectrum allowed high component on-chip integration as
well as the integration of very small high gain arrays. The available 7 GHz of spectrum results in
very high data rates, up to 5 gigabits per second to users within an indoor environment, usually
within a range of 10 meters. Some press reports called this "Gi-Fi". It was developed by
Melbourne University-based laboratories of NICTA (National ICT Australia
Limited), Australia’s Information and Communications Technology Research Centre of
Excellence. In 2009, the Wireless Gigabit Alliance was formed to promote the technology. It
used the term "WiGig" which avoided trademark confusion.

Gi-Fi or gigabit wireless is the world’s first transceiver integrated on a single chip that
operates at 60GHz on the cmos process. It will allow wireless transfer of audio and video data at
up to 5gigabits per second, ten times the current maximum wireless transfer rate, at one- tenth
the cost.

1
OBJECTIVE:

The reason for pushing into Gi-Fi technology is because of slow rate, high power
consumption, low range of frequency operations of earlier technologies i.e., Bluetooth and Wi-
Fi. See the comparisons and features of those two technologies

NETWORK EVOLUTION:
Communication technology can be divided into two types.1) wired technology and 2)
wireless technology. The evolution of wireless technology will lead to the GI-FI technology. The
following diagram will give the network evolution.

Gi-Fi which is developed on an integrated wireless transceiver chip. In which a small antenna
used and both transmitter- receiver integrated on a single chip. which is fabricated using the
complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)process. Because of Gi-Fi transfer of large
videos, files will be within seconds

This leads to introduction of Gi-Fi technology. It offers some advantages over Wi-Fi, a
similar wireless technology, in that it offers faster information rate in Gbps, less power
consumption and low cost for short range transmissions.

2
 WIRED WIRELESS
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY

Wi- Fi BLUETOOTH

WiMAX Gi-Fi

A. WI-MAX
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is the common name
associated to the IEEE 802.16a/REVd/e standards. These standards are issued by the
IEEE802.16 subgroup that originally covered the Wireless Local Loop (WLL) technologies with
radio spectrum from 10 to 66 GHz. Recently, these specifications were extended below 10GHz.
Harmonize standards and certify interoperability between equipment from different vendors.
Standardized Interoperable solutions will result in mass volume and bring down costs, promote
and establish a brand for the technology.

Wi-Fi style access will be limited to a 4-to-6-mile radius (perhaps 25 square miles or65 square
km of coverage, which is similar in range to a cell-phone zone). Through the stronger line-of
sight antennas, the WiMAX transmitting station would send data to WiMAX-enabled computers
or routers set up within the transmitter’s 30-mile radius (3,600 square miles or 9,300 square km
of coverage). This is what allows WiMAX to achieve its maximum range.

3
B. Gi-Fi
Gi-Fi or gigabit wireless is the world’s first transceiver integrated on a single chip that
operates at 60GHz on the cmos process. It will allow wireless transfer of audio and video data at
up to 5gigabits per second, ten times the current maximum wireless transfer rate, at one- tenth
the cost. NICTA researchers have chosen to develop this technology in the 57-64GHz
unlicensed frequency band as the millimeter-wave range of the spectrum makes possible high
component on-chip integration as well as allowing for the integration of very small high gain
arrays. The available 7GHz of spectrum results in very high data rates, up to 5 gigabits per
second to users within an indoor environment, usually within a range of 10 meters. It satisfies
the standards of IEEE 802.15.3C. A new silicon chip developed in Melbourne is predicted to
revolutionize the way household gadgets like televisions, phones and DVD players talk to each
other. The tiny five- millimeter-side chip can transmit data through a wireless connection at a
breakthrough five gigabits per second over distances of up to 10 meters. An entire high-
definition movie could be transmitted to a mobile phone in a few seconds, and the phone could
then upload the movie to a home computer or screen at the same speed. This means his team is
ahead and stood in front of the competition in terms of price and power demand. His chip uses
only a tiny one-millimeter-wide antenna and less than two watts of power, and would cost less
than $10 to manufacture.

DISADVANTAGES OF BLUETOOTH AND Wi-Fi:

From above table we can conclude that the bit rates of Bluetooth are 800Kbps and Wi-Fi
has 11Mbps.Both are having power consumptions 5mw and 10mw. And lower frequency of
operation 2. 4GHz.For transferring large number of videos, audios, data files take hours of time.
So, to have higher data transfer rate at lower power consumption we move onto Gi-
Fi technology.

PURPOSE:

Gi-Fi will helps to push wireless communications to faster drive. For many years cables
ruled the world. Optical fibers played a dominant role for its higher bit rates and faster
transmission. But the installation of cables caused a greater difficulty and thus led to wireless

4
access. The foremost of this is Bluetooth which can cover 9-10mts. Wi-Fi followed it having
coverage area of 91mts.However, the standard’s original limitations for data exchange rate and
range, number of channels, high cost of the infrastructure have not yet made it possible for Wi-Fi
to become a total threat to cellular networks on the one hand, and hard-wire networks, on the
other. But the man’s continuous quest for even better technology despite the substantial
advantages of present technologies led to the introduction of new, more up-to-date standards for
data exchange rate i.e., Gi-Fi. Wi-Fi (ieee-802.11b) and Wi-Max (ieee-802.16e) have captured
our attention. As there are no recent developments which transfer data at faster rate as video
information transfer taking lot of time. This leads to introduction of Gi-Fi technology. It offers
some advantages over Wi-Fi, a similar wireless technology, in that it offers faster information
rate in Gbps, less power consumption and low cost for short range transmissions. Gi-Fi or
Gigabit Wireless is the world’s first transceiver integrated on a single chip that operates at
60GHz on the CMOS process. It will allow wireless transfer of audio and video data up to 5
gigabits per second, ten times the current maximum wireless transfer rate, at one-tenth of the
cost, usually within a range of 10 meters. It utilizes a 5mm square chip and a 1mm wide antenna
burning less than 2 watts of power to transmit data wirelessly over short distances, much like
Bluetooth.

SCOPE:
The development will enable the truly wireless office and home of the future. As the
integrated transceiver is extremely small, it can be embedded into devices. The breakthrough will
mean the networking of office and home equipment without wires will finally become a reality.

ORGANIZATON OF DOCUMENTATION:

Chapter 1: Describes the introduction part of Gi-Fi technology. Chapter 2 describes the
reason for pushing into Gi-Fi technology and currently using technologies i.e., Wi-Fi and
Bluetooth. Chapter 3 describes about the next generation wireless technology, Gi-Fi. This
chapter also includes the fundamental technologies in 802.15.3c and working in Gi-Fi. Chapter 4
Describes the conclusion for this paper. CHAPTER 5 Shows the references used

5
 CHAPTER-2

LITERATURE SURVEY

CURRENTLY USING TECHNOLOGIES:

2.1.1 Bluetooth

Bluetooth is an open wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short
distances (using short wavelength radio transmissions) from fixed and mobile devices, creating
personal area networks (PANs) with high levels of security. Created by telecoms vendor
Ericsson in 1994, it was originally conceived as a wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables. It
can connect several devices, overcoming problems of synchronization. Today Bluetooth is
managed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group. Bluetooth uses a radio technology called
frequency-hopping spread spectrum, which chops up the data being sent and transmits chunks of
it on up to 79 bands (1 MHz each) in the range 2402-2480 MHz This is in the globally
unlicensed Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) 2.4 GHz short-range radio frequency band.

2.1.2 Wi-Fi:

Wi-Fi technology builds on IEEE 802.11 standards. Wi-Fi allows the deployment of local
area networks (LANs) without wires for client devices, typically reducing the costs of network
deployment and expansion. Spaces where cables cannot be run, such as outdoor areas and
historical buildings, can host wireless LANs. As of 2010 manufacturers are building wireless
network adapters into most laptops. The price of chipsets for Wi-Fi continues to drop, making it
an economical networking option included in even more devices. Wi-Fi has become widespread
in corporate infrastructures. Different competitive brands of access points and client network-
interfaces can inter-operate at a basic level of service. Products designated as "Wi-Fi Certified"
by the Wi-Fi Alliance are backwards compatible. "Wi-Fi" designates a globally operative set of
standards: unlike mobile phones, any standard Wi-Fi device will work anywhere in the world.

2.1.3 Bluetooth Vs Wi-Fi

Bluetooth and Wi-Fi are different standards for wireless communication.

2.1.4 Applications of Bluetooth vs. Wi-Fi

Bluetooth technology is useful when transferring information between two or more

devices that are near each other when speed is not an issue, such as telephones, printers, modems
and headsets. It is best suited to low-bandwidth applications like transferring sound data with
telephones (i.e. with a Bluetooth headset) or byte data with hand-held computers (transferring
files). Wi-Fi is better suited for operating full-scale networks because it enables a faster
connection, better range from the base station, and better security than Bluetooth.

6
2.1.5 Disadvantages of Bluetooth and Wi-Fi:

From above table we can conclude that the bit rates of Bluetooth are 800Kbps and Wi-Fi
has 11Mbps.Both are having power consumptions 5mw and 10mw. And lower frequency of
operation 2. 4GHz.For transferring large number of videos, audios, data files take hours of time.
So, to have higher data transfer rate at lower power consumption we move onto Gi-Fi
technology.

7
 CHAPTER-3

WORKING PRINCIPLE USED IN GI-FI

In this we will use time division duplex for both transmission and receiving. Here data files
are up converted from IF range to RF60Ghz range by using 2 mixers and we will feed this to a
power amplifier, which feeds millimeter wave antenna. The incoming RF signal is first down
converted to an IF signal cantered at 5 GHz and then to normal data ranges. Here we will use
heterodyne construction for this process to avoid leakages due to direct conversion and due to
availability of 7 GHz spectrum the total data will be will be transferred within seconds.

Time -Division Duplex

Time-Division Duplex (TDD) is the application of time-division multiplexing to separate
outward and return signals. It emulates full duplex communication over a half-duplex
communication link. As uplink traffic increases, more channel capacity can dynamically be
allocated to that, and as it shrinks it can be taken away.

Time division duplex (TDD) refers to duplex communication links where uplink is separated
from downlink by the allocation of different time slots in the same frequency band. It is a
transmission scheme that allows asymmetric flow for uplink and downlink data transmission.
Users are allocated time slots for uplink and downlink transmission. This method is highly
advantageous in case there is an asymmetry of uplink and downlink data rates. TDD divides a
data stream into frames and assigns different time slots to forward and reverse transmissions,
thereby allowing both types of transmissions to share the same transmission medium.

8
 CHAPTER-4

TECHOLOGIES USED
This mm Wave WPAN will operate in the new and clear band including 57-64 GHz
unlicensed band defined by FCC 47 CFR 15.255. The millimeter-wave WPAN will allow high
coexistence (close physical spacing) with all other microwave systems in the 802.15 family of
WPANs.

Two Technologies that help realize GWLAN are,

• Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)

• System-On-a-Package (SOP)

Multiple Input Multiple Outputs

MIMO wireless is an emerging cost-effective technology that offers substantial leverages in
making 1Gbps wireless links a reality. We can in principle, meet the 1Gbps data rate
requirement if the product of bandwidth (measured in Hz) and spectral efficiency (measured in
bps/Hz) equals 10^9.

MIMO wireless constitutes a technological breakthrough that will allow Gbps speeds in NLOS
wireless networks. The performance improvements resulting from the use of MIMO systems are
due to • 1. Array gain

• 2. Diversity gain
• 3. Spatial Multiplexing Gain
• 4. Interference Reduction

System-On-A-Package
SOP approach for the next-generation wireless solution is a more feasible option than

SOC. Recent development of materials and processes in packaging area makes it possible to
bring the concept of SOP into the RF world to meet the stringent needs in wireless
communication area.

Wireless devices implementing complex functionality require a large amount of circuitry and
consequently, require a large conventional package or MCM real estate. SOP goes one step
beyond Multi-Chip Module (MCM) by enhancing overall performances and adding more
functionality

9
OPERATION AT 60 GHZ
Here we will use millimeter wave antenna which will operate at 60 GHz frequency which is
unlined band Because of this band we are achieving high data rates energy propagation in the
60 GHz band has unique characteristics that make possible many other benefits such as excellent
immunity to co-channel interference, high security, and frequency re-use.

Point-to-point wireless systems operating at 60 GHz have been used for many years for
satellite-to-satellite communications. This is because of high oxygen absorption at 60 GHz (10-
15 dB/Km). As shown in the figure 5.1.1 the absorption attenuates 60 GHz signals over distance,
so that signals cannot travel far beyond their intended recipient. For this reason, 60GHz is an
excellent choice for covert communication.

Ultra-Wide Band Frequency Usage

A technology with high bit rate, high security and faster data transmission. It is a zero-carrier
technique with low coverage area. So, we have low power consumption. These features are
Ultra-Wideband is a technology for transmitting information spread over a large bandwidth
(>500 MHz) that should, be able to share spectrum with other users. Regulatory settings of FCC
are intended to provide an efficient use of scarce radio bandwidth while enabling both high data
rate personal-area network (PAN) wireless connectivity and longer-range, low data rate
applications as well as radar and imaging systems.

Features
• High level of frequency re-use enabled – communication needs of multiple customers within
a small geographic region can be satisfied
• It is also highly portable-we can construct where ever we want.
• It deploys line of sight operation having only shorter coverage area, it has more flexible
architecture.
• Multi-gigabit wireless technology that removes the need for cables between consumer
electronic devices.

10
• More than 100 times faster than current short-range wireless technologies.
• Allows wireless streaming of uncompressed high-definition content.
• Operates over a range of 10 meters without interference.
• Entire transmission system can be built on a cost-effective single silicon chip

Comparison of Gi-Fi and Existing Technologies

Characteristics Bluetooth Wi-Fi Gi-Fi

Specification IEEE,
Bluetooth SIG NICTA
Authority WECA
Development
1998 1990 2004
Start date
Mobile phones,
PDAs, Mobile phones,
Notebook
Consumer, Home Devices,
Computers,
Primary Electronics PDAs, Consumer,
Desktop
Devices Office Electronics, Office,
Computers,
Industrial, Industrial, automation
Servers
automation Devices Devices

Power Consumption 5 mw 10 mw < 2 mw

Data Transfer Rate 800 Kbps 11 Mbps 5 Mbps

Range 10 Meters 100 Meters 10 Meters

Frequency 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz 57-64 GHz

11
 CHAPTER-5

ANALYSIS
5.1 WHAT IS Gi-Fi?

Gi-Fi or gigabit wireless is the world’s first transceiver integrated on a single chip that
operates at 60GHz on the CMOS process. It will allow wireless transfer of audio and video data
at up to 5 gigabits per second, ten times the current maximum wireless transfer rate, at one-tenth
the cost. NICTA researchers have chosen to develop this technology in the 57-64GHz unlicensed
frequency band as the millimeter-wave range of the spectrum makes possible high component
on-chip integration as well as allowing for the integration of very small high gain arrays. The
available 7GHz of spectrum results in very high data rates, up to 5 gigabits per second to users
within an indoor environment, usually within a range of 10 meters. It satisfies the standards of
IEEE 802.15.3C.

The Gi-Fi integrated wireless transceiver chip developed at the National ICT Research
Centre, Australia. A new silicon chip developed in Melbourne is predicted to revolutionize the
way household gadgets like televisions, phones and DVD players talk to each other. The tiny
five-millimeter-a-side chip can transmit data through a wireless connection at a breakthrough
five gigabits per second over distances of up to 10 meters. An entire high-definition movie from
a video shop kiosk could be transmitted to a mobile phone in a few seconds, and the phone could
then upload the movie to a home computer or screen at the same speed. The "Gi-Fi" was
unveiled today at the Melbourne University-based laboratories of NICTA, the national
information and communications technology research center. Hotly contested area Short-range
wireless technology is a hotly contested area, with research teams around the world racing to be
the first to launch such a product. Professor Skafiadas said his team is the first to demonstrate a
working transceiver-on-a-chip that uses CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor)
technology - the cheap, ubiquitous technique that prints silicon chips. This means his team is
head and shoulders in front of the competition in terms of price and power demand. His chip uses
only a tiny one-millimeter-wide antenna and less than two watts of power, and would cost less
than $10 to manufacture. It uses the 60GHz "millimeter wave" spectrum to transmit the data,

12
which gives it an advantage over Wi-Fi (wireless internet). Wi-Fi's part of the spectrum is
increasingly crowded, sharing the waves with devices such as cordless phones, which leads to
interference and slower speeds. But the millimeter wave spectrum (30 to 300 GHz) is almost
unoccupied, and the new chip is potentially hundreds of times faster than the average home Wi-
Fi unit. However, Wi-Fi still benefits from being able to provide wireless coverage over a greater
distance. Victoria's minister for information and communication technology, Theo Theophanous,
said it showed Victoria was at the cutting edge of IT innovation. He praised the 27-member team
which worked on the development of the chip. The high-powered team included 10 PhDs
students from the University of Melbourne and collaborated with companies such as computer
giant IBM during the research.

FUNDAMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES IN 802.15.3C:

This mm Wave WPAN will operate in the new and clear band including 57-64 GHz
unlicensed band defined by FCC 47 CFR 15.255. The millimeter-wave WPAN will allow high
coexistence (close physical spacing) with all other microwave systems in the 802.15 family of
WPANs.

5.2 WORKING IN GI-FI:

Here we will use time division duplex for both transmission and receiving. we will data
files are up converted from IF range to RF60Ghz range by using 2 mixers. we will be fed this to
a power amplifier, which feeds millimeter wave antenna.
The incoming RF signal is first down converted to an IF signal centered at 5 GHz and then to
normal data ranges, here we will use heterodyne principle for this process to avoid leakages due
to direct conversion due to availability of 7Ghz spectrum the total data will be will be transferred
within seconds.

5.2.1 Time-division duplex

Time-Division Duplex (TDD) is the application of time-division multiplexing to separate

outward and return signals. It emulates full duplex communication over a half-duplex
communication link. Time division duplex has a strong advantage in the case where the
asymmetry of the uplink and downlink data speed is variable. As uplink traffic increases, more
channel capacity can dynamically be allocated to that, and as it shrinks it can be taken away. For
radio systems that aren't moving quickly, another advantage is that the uplink and downlink
radio. Here we will use time division duplex for both transmission and receiving. We will data
files are up converted from IF range to RF60Ghz range by using 2 mixers. we will be fed this to
a power amplifier, which feeds millimeter wave antenna. The incoming RF signal is first down
converted to an IF signal centered at 5 GHz .and then to normal data ranges, here we will use
heterodyne construction for this process to avoid leakages due to direct conversion due to
availability of 7Ghz spectrum the total data will be will be transferred within seconds.

WHY 60 GHZ...?

13
 Here we will use millimeter wave antenna which will operate at 60Ghz frequency which
is unlined band. Because of this band we are achieving high data rates energy propagation in the
60 GHz band has unique characteristics that make possible many other benefits such as excellent
immunity to co-channel interference, high security, and frequency re-use.

Point-to-point wireless systems operating at 60 GHz have been used for many years for
satellite-to-satellite communications. This is because of high oxygen absorption at 60 GHz (10-
15 dB/Km). This absorption attenuates 60 GHz signals over distance, so that signals cannot
travel far beyond their intended recipient. For this reason, 60GHz is an excellent choice for
covert communications

Oxygen Attenuation vs. Frequency

5.2.2 ULTRA WIDE BAND FREQUENCY USAGE:

UWB, a technology with high bit rate, high security and faster data transmission. It is
a zero-carrier technique with low coverage area. So, we have low power consumption. These
features are Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is a technology for transmitting information spread over a
large bandwidth (>500 MHz) that should, be able to share spectrum with other users. Regulatory
settings of FCC are intended to provide an efficient use of scarce radio bandwidth while enabling
both high data rate personal-area network (PAN) wireless connectivity and longer-range, low
data rate applications as well as radar and imaging systems

5.2.3FEATURES OF Gi-Fi:

The Gi-Fi standard has been developed with many objectives in mind. These are
summarized below:

1. High Speed of Data Transfer:

The main invention of Gi-Fi to provide higher bit rate. As the name itself indicates data
transfer rate is in Giga bits per second. Speed of Gi-Fi is 5 Gbps. which is 10 times the present

14
data transfer. Because of wider availability of continuous 7 GHz spectrum results in high data
rates.

2. Low Power Consumption:

As the large amount of information transfer it utilizes milli watts of power only. It
consumes only 2-watt power for data transfer of gigabits of information. where as in present
technologies it takes 10 mwatt power. which is very high.

3. High Security:

Point-to-point wireless systems operating at 60 GHz have been used for many years by
the intelligence community for high security communications and by the military for satellite-to
satellite communications. The combined effects of O2 absorption and narrow beam spread result
in high security and low interference

4. Cost-effective:

Gi-Fi is based on an open, international standard. Mass adoption of the standard, and the
use of low-cost, mass-produced chipsets, will drive costs down dramatically, and the resultant
integrated wireless trans receiver chip which transfers data at high speed low power at low price
$10 only. which is very less as compare to present systems. As go on development the price will
be decreased.

Other features:

High level of frequency re-use enabled – communication needs of multiple customers

within a small geographic region can be satisfied. It is also highly portable-we can construct
where ever we want. It deploys line of sight operation having only shorter coverage area, it has
more flexible architecture.

5.2.4 APPLICATIONS:

There are many usage scenarios that can be addressed by Gi-Fi. The following are some
mobility usage applications of Gi-Fi.
Ø In wireless pan networks:

15
Ø Inter-vehicle communication system :

Ø Huge data file transmission:

It will transfer gigabits of information with in seconds
Ø Broadcasting video signal transmission system in sports stadium :

16
 ● Ad-hoc information distribution with Point-to-Point network extension:

Easy and immediate construction of temporal broadband network such as in

exhibition-site for…Advertisement information distribution or Contents downloading
service
Ø mm-Wave video-signals transmission system

● Media access control (MAC) and imaging and others:

17
Results
In recent years, new wireless local area networks (WLANs) such as Wi-Fi and wireless
personal area networks (WPAN) such as Bluetooth have become available. Wireless USB, which
matches the same range but roughly the same 480Mbps peak speed of its wired equivalent. In
new trends Gi-Fi wireless technology has been developed and can be replacement for
technologies such as Bluetooth and ultra-wideband (UWB). The process of Gi-Fi would use a
chip that transmits at an extremely high 60GHz frequency versus the 5GHz used for the fastest
forms of Wi-Fi. The sheer density of the signal would allow a chip to send as much as 5 gigabits
per second. While the spectrum would limit the device to the same 33-foot range as Bluetooth or
UWB, it could theoretically transfer an HD movie to a cell phone in seconds. Mixing and signal
filtering used in Gi-Fi technology would keep the signal strong versus the longer-ranged but
slower and more drop prone Wi-Fi option of today. The chip in Gi-fi would likely cost is less.

Benefits of GI-FI Technology:

The most important benefits of the Gi-Fi technology are as follows:

Removing Cables
For many years cables ruled the world. Optical fibers played a dominant role for its higher bit
rates and faster transmission. But the installation of cables caused a greater difficulty and thus
led to wireless access. The standard’s original limitations for data exchange rate and range and
high cost of the infrastructures have not yet made it possible for Wi-Fi to become a good replace
for the cables. Gi-Fi technology Removes need for cables to connect consumer electronics
devices and all the devices can be connected in order to transmit the data wirelessly.
Cost of Chip is low
Gi-Fi’s chip uses only a tiny one-millimeter-wide antenna and less than 2mili watts of power.
Low-cost chip allows technology to be readily incorporated into multiple devices. The chip in
Gi-fi would likely cost less to build. Then a small design would allow cell phones and other
small devices to add the technology without significantly drive up the price. Gi-Fi is based on an
open, international standard. Mass adoption of the standard, and the use of low-cost, mass-

18
produced chipsets, will drive costs down dramatically, which is very less in compare to present
technologies.
Privacy and Security
Encryption technology in Gi-Fi ensures privacy and security of content. About 70 per cent of
firms have deployed their WLAN in a secure firewall zone but are still using the old WEP
protocol, which does not protect.
Flexibility
One of the problems with wire connections and cables is complexity for connecting, but in
the Gigabit wireless technology simplicity is one of the features. Simple connection improves the
consumer experience. The benefits related to the Gi-fi technology that can be achieved by the
deployment and use of this technology.

5.2.5 IN FUTURE:
As the range is limited to shorter distances only we can expect the broad band with same
speed and low power consumption.
A completely integrated single chip transceiver has been fabricated, tested and demonstrated
in Gi-Fi chip and a transceiver with integrated phased array antenna on 65nm CMOS technology
has been sent for fabrication. Gi-Fi technology demonstrates the world’s first fully integrated
transceiver on CMOS technology operating at 60 GHz and provides new technique for
integrating antennas on CMOS.

Demonstrations of Gi-Fi technology can be arranged showing the huge potential it has to
change the way consumers use their in-home electronic devices. The Gi-Fi team is looking for
partners interested in commercializing its 60GHz chips and with growing consumer adoption of
High-Definition (HD) television, low cost chip and other interesting features of this new
technology it can be predicted that the anticipated worldwide market for this technology is vast.
Within next few years, we expect Gi-Fi to be the dominant technology for wireless networking.
By providing low-cost, high broadband access, with very high-speed large files swapped within
seconds it could develop wireless home and office of future. As the integrated transceiver is
extremely small, it can be embedded into devices. The breakthrough will mean the networking
of office and home equipment without wires will finally become a reality. The Gi-Fi integrated
transceiver chip may be launched by the starting of next year by NICTA. Due to the less cost of
chip so many companies are coming forward to launch the chip. The potential of mm wave
range for ultra-fast data exchange has prompted many companies like Intel, LG, Panasonic,
Samsung, Sony& Toshiba to form wireless HD. Specifically wireless HD has a stated goal of
enabling wireless connectivity for streaming high definition content between source devices and
high definition devices.

19
 CHAPTER-6
CONCLUSION

Gi-Fi technology is defined that will allow wireless transfer of audio and video data up to 5
gigabits per second, ten times the current maximum wireless transfer rate, at one-tenth of the
cost, usually within a range of 10 meters that operates at 60GHz on the CMOS process. This
technology removes cables that for many years curled the world and provides high speed data
transfer rate. The comparison that is performed between Gi-Fi and existing wireless technologies
in this paper shows that these features along with some other benefits such as Low-cost chip, No
Frequency Interference, Low Power Consumption and High Security that are explained in detail
in this paper, makes it suitable to replace the existing wireless technologies for data transmission
between devices that are placed in the short distances from each other. Gi-Fi technology has
much number of applications and can be used in many places and devices such as smart phones,
wireless pan networks, media access control and mm-Wave video-signals transmission systems.
This chip could also replace HDMI cables and develop wireless home and office of future.
Finally, some of the future works related to Gi-Fi has given and it is conspicuous that more
research should be done in the field of this new wireless technology and its applications.

Within five years, we expect Gi-Fi to be the dominant technology for wireless networking.
By that time, it will be fully mobile, as well as providing low-cost, high broadband access, with
very high-speed large files swapped within seconds which will develop wireless home and office
of future.
If the success of Wi-Fi and the imminent wide usage of WiMAX is any indication, Gi-Fi
potentially can bring wireless broadband to the enterprise in an entirely new way.

20
 CHAPTER-7
REFERENCES
➢ Http://www.google.com

➢ Http://www.ieee.com

21