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Data Sheet

This document reports on an experiment involving the titration of an acid and base to determine concentrations. Students standardized a sodium hydroxide solution and used it to titrate hydrochloric acid of an unknown concentration. The results were used to calculate molarities and purities, and qualitative analysis identified a sample as a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate based on different indicator colors changes.

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kyle javier
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327 views

Data Sheet

This document reports on an experiment involving the titration of an acid and base to determine concentrations. Students standardized a sodium hydroxide solution and used it to titrate hydrochloric acid of an unknown concentration. The results were used to calculate molarities and purities, and qualitative analysis identified a sample as a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate based on different indicator colors changes.

Uploaded by

kyle javier
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Javier Kyle Terrenze L.

Date Performed: 11/20/2018


Mabilangan Shaniah D.
Course/Section: CHM131L-A01 Date Submitted:11/26/2018
Group No: 7 Instructor: Mr. Edgar Magas

Experiment 3 : Acid-Base Titration

Data and Results:

Table 5.1 Standardization of NaOH


Condition I II
Weight of KHP, g 0.3676 g 0.2760 g
Final buret reading of NaOH, mL 42.50 mL 32.60 mL
Initial buret reading of NaOH, mL 0.50 mL 0.0 mL
Volume of NaOH used, mL 42.00 mL 32.60 mL
Concentration of NaOH, N 0.0429 N 0.0415 N
Average N ± Average d 0.0422 ± 1.4 x 10-3

N = (Molarity of NaOH)(#n equivalent per mole)

Table 5.2 Comparison of Standard Solutions


Conditions I II
HCL solution
Final volume reading, mL 25.10 mL 32.5 mL
Initial volume reading, mL 1.0 mL 1.20 mL
Volume used, mL 24.4 mL 31.30 mL
NaOH solution
Final volume reading, mL 26.10 mL 22.50 mL
Initial volume reading, mL 0.50 mL 1.30 mL
Volume used, mL 25.60 mL 21.20 mL
Ratios
1.000 mL HCl 1.05 mL NaOH 0.68 mL NaOH
Average ± average d 0.865 ± 0.185
1.000 mL NaOH 0.953 mL HCl 1.476 mL HCl
Average ± average d 2.429 ± 1.2145
Normality of HCl solution 0.0738 N 0.0432 N
Average N ± average d 0.0585 N ± 0.0153
Table 5.3 Purity of KHP
I II
Weight of KHP, g 1.2489 g 1.5453 g
Final buret reading, mL 37.00 mL 45.50 mL
Initial buret reading, mL 0.00 mL 0.20 mL
Volume used of NaOH, mL 37.00 mL 45.30 mL
Concentration of NaOH, N 0.1653 N 0.1671 N
Mass of KHP in the sample 1.249 g 1.5450 g
% purity of KHP sample 100.0% 99.98%

%purity = (Normality of NaOH)(Volume used)(EW of KHP) / mass of KHP sample *100


=( (0.1653N) (0.037 L) (204.223 g/eq) / 1.2489g )*100
= 100.0 % (trial 1)

=((0.1671N) (0.0453L) (204.223g/eq) / 1.5453)*100


=100.0% (trial 2)

Table 5.4 Qualitative Analysis


Sample label: A Vph Vmo
Initial volume reading of HCl, mL 0.0 mL 7.50 mL
Final volume reading of HCl, mL 7.50 mL 13.70 mL
Volume of HCl used, mL 7.50 mL 6.20 mL
Comparison of Vph and ½ Vmo Vmo < Vph
Composition of the mixture NaOH-NA2CO3

Table 5.5 Quantitative Analysis: NaOH-Na2CO3


Table 5.1 Quantitative Analysis: NaOH-Na2CO3
Sample label: A Vmo
I II
Initial volume of HCl, mL 0.50 mL N/A
Final volume of HCl, mL 3.70 mL N/A
Volume of HCl used, mL 3.20 mL N/A
Table 5.2 Quantitative Analysis: NaOH-Na2CO3
Sample label: A Vph
I II
Initial volume of HCl, mL 20.00 mL N/A
Final volume of HCl, mL 24.00 mL N/A
Volume of HCl used, mL 4.00 mL N/A

Table 5.3 Quantitative Analysis: NaOH-Na2CO3


Sample label: A %NaOH %Na2CO3
I 2.952% -0.78%
II N/A N/A
Average ± ave. dev. N/A

%NaOH = ((Vph in L)(NHCl)(EWNaOH)(DF) / V sample in mL )*100


= ((0.004L)(0.0738N)(40 g/eq)(25) / 10 mL) *100
= 2.952%

%Na2CO3 =( (Vmo – Vph in L)(NHCl)(EW Na2CO3)(DF) / V sample in mL) *100


=((0.0032 – 0.004)(0.0738)(53)(25) / 10) *100
=-0.78%
Discussion:
To determine the concentration of a particular solute in a solution, chemists often carry out a
titration, which involves combining a sample of the solution with a reagent solution of known
concentration, called standard solution. Titration or titrimetric analysis is a method of slowly
adding a titrant, usually of known concentration to an analyte to determine the amounts for a
complete reaction (Hage and Carr 2011). Titration reactants are used for a number of purposes
such as standardization, determination of amounts of analyte present in samples, and
determining identities of unknown sample. An acid-base titration involves reactants which are
acids and bases. Meanwhile, double indicator titration is a titration method applied to analysis
of polyprotic acids and polybasic bases. These samples possess more than one equivalence
point and thus would need more than one indicator to determine its endpoint. Sodium
carbonate is one example of polybasic base.

In this experiment entitled “Acid-Base titration”, HCl has been used as an acid solution while
NaOH as the base component. In the first part which was the standardization of NaOH,
Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) was weighed and dissolved using distilled water and 2 to 3
drops of phenolphthalein were added to the KHP solution. NaOH has being used for titration in
order to attain a faint pink solution. Initial burette reading of NaOH were determined, with a
value of 0.50 ml (Trial1) and 0.00 ml (Trial2), as well as the Final burette reading of Na0H,
acquiring 42.50 ml and 32.60 ml, respectively. Of course, volume of NaOH was also computed
by subtracting the final volume to the initial (Refer to Table 3.1). Concentration of NaOH was
calculated with a value of 0.0429N for trial 1 and 0.0415N for trial 2 that results to 0.422 ± 1.4 x
10-3 for mean and average deviation. For the comparison of standard solution, Initial and final
volume of HCl and NaOH were recorded. That results to the ratio of 1.05 ml for Na0H to 0.68 of
HCl solution. The normality of HCl solution was also computed with the value of 0.0738N for
trial 1 and 0.0432N, thus having 0.0585 N ± 0.0153 in terms of the average and deviation value

For qualitative analysis, Phenolphthalein and Methyl Orange were used as an indicator to
determine a faint pink and peach endpoint, respectively. HCl act as a titrant for this part of
experiment that is why Initial, final and volume used of HCl were recorded (See at Table 3.4).
The comparison has also gotten and found out that the volume of methyl orange (V mo) is less
than the volume of phenolphthalein (Vph). On the other hand, for the quantitative analysis,
Phenolphthalein and Methyl Orange were used as an indicator same as HCl as titrant, but in
only differs on the method used, Methyl Orange solution undergo boiling while BaCl2 solution
was added in Phenolphthalein. The % purity of NaOH and Na2CO3 was computed with the value
of 2.952% and -0.78%, respectively.
Conclusion:
In this laboratory experiment, titration was used to explore the concepts of stoichiometry and
equivalence points. The researchers found the concentration of an unknown substance by
mixing 1.0 M HCl with the NaOH of unknown concentration in order to experimentally ascertain
the concentration of the NaOH. It was also become evident how Na2CO3 become present in the
qualitative analysis with Vph= ½ Vmo. The possibility for error was inevitable. As demonstrated
by the calculated average concentration, the calculated concentrations in each of the individual
trials did not equal the expected value of 0.1 M, indicating the presence of error. For example,
the HCl and NaOH solution may have been exposed to air or other substances, altering the
results of the titration. Also, data collection system was not set-up properly, thus an
inaccurate titration would be generated, resulting in the incorrect calculation of concentration.

References:

Smith, Bridgette D. 2018 General Chemistry: Acid-Base Titration. Retrieved from:


https://salve.digication.com/bridgettsmith/Introduction_Background9

Hage, David S. and James D. Carr. 2011. Analytical chemistry and quantitative analysis.New
Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall

Ma’ruf N. 2010 FUNDAMENTAL CHEMISTRY: Acid Base Titration. Retrived from:


https://www.scribd.com/doc/21298837/Experiment-3

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