Programming The PIC

Micro Controller
Computer Organization
CS 140

CS140 - Lab03 1
 The Lab - Overview
In the last labs, you learned how to program the PIC Microcontroller running on the
Demo Board. You could write a bit of new code, and you could explain what
various Assembly instructions do. You also had a general idea of how to read
the hardware specification.

In this lab, you will have two very specific tasks.

1. Take a piece of running code and configure it to support additional hardware.

2. Use the Demo Board to test the behavior of logic chips.

But first, we’re going on a major detour introducing you to some new concepts.
These concepts include:
a. A new demo board.
b. A new PIC Processor.
c. TTL Logic.
d. Wiring up the Chip.
e. Code to drive and test this logic.
CS140 - Lab03 2
 The Demo Board
POT
General factoids:
This is called the “28-pin
Demo Board”.
It’s described here.
It uses the PIC processor
16F886. The spec for this
chip is here.

Since it’s a development

board, it’s easy to modify
the board. I have made
several changes that are
described next. LEDs
An Important Difference: PIC 16F866
Compared to the other board you’ve been
Switch
using, you can debug on this board. You
can continue to use MPSIM, but for really
gnarly problems, debug on the board.
CS140 - Lab03 3
 The Demo Board

RB6, RB7
MCLR
Don’t mess with
these three pins.

RC6 RB5 RA2

This connector was already on This connector was added to the

the board. The important thing to board. The important thing to
note is the signals coming out of note is the signals coming out of
each location. So if you want to each location. So if you want to
find a particular pin, this is how to find a particular pin, this is how to
do it. do it.
CS140 - Lab03 4
The Demo
Board

Switch
Connector

+5 V Socket DIP Socket Ground

Pins Connector Socket Connector Pins

Here are changes made to this board.

1. A 16 pin socket was added to hold a DIP chip
2. Connectors added on both sides of socket to connect to the socket.
3. Connector to access Ground
4. Connector to access +5 Volts.
5. Connector enabling a wire to hook the switch to the Microcontroller.
CS140 - Lab03 5
DIP stands for Dual In-line package.
This is another way of drawing
the schematic on Page 9 of the
Demo Board Spec.
The Board Schematic
Sample code assumes the switch is
+5V 16F886 hooked to RB5, but the switch can go to
many other possible pins.
Ω MCLRX
10KΩ 1 X RB7 28
Potentiometer
2 RA0 X RB6 27 +5V

3 RA1 RB5 26
The voltage generated by Switch
4 RA2 RB4 25
the “Pot” is sensed by RA0
and is converted from an 5 RA3 RB3 24
analog to a digital signal.
6 RA4 RB2 23
7 RA5 RB1 22
8 Vss RB0 21
+5V
9 RA7 Vdd 20 LED

Do not attach anything to 10 RA6 Vss 19 Resistor

X pins MCLR, RB7 or RB6;
They are used by the
11 RC0 RC7 18
processor for debugging 12 RC1 RC6 17
RC5 16 Symbol for Ground == 0 volts
13 RC2
14 RC3 RC4 15
Lights are connected to outputs B0 – B3
and light up when a 5V (+) signal is
Note that a modification has been made to the board so the
applied to these outputs by the 16F886.
switch is now connected to ??? In the code it goes to RB5,
but it could be hooked anywhere.
CS140 - Lab03 6
 TTL Logic This is an real photo of a TTL Chip taken by
space aliens.

Note especially that the NOTCH

indicates the orientation of the
chip. It shows that THIS
is Pin 1.

There is a similarity between the

picture and the diagram!!

Truth Table For Nor Gate

A Input B Input Output
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
The 74LS02 is a Quad Nor gate.
It contains 4 separate independent gates – 1 1 0
you can use one or all of them. The “LS”
indicates this is a low power device. Apply to Apply to Result on
Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 1
The 74LS02 is a 14 pin chip.
We’ll also be using 16 pin chips. CS140 - Lab03 7
Wiring The Board Pin 14 Ground

This shows the steps involved

in wiring this whole thing
together.
1. The orange wire connects
between the switch and
RB5.
2. Looking at the chip
schematic, this particular
chip wants +5V on Pin 14.
The red wire provides that.
3. The chip wants ground on
pin 7. The white wire
takes care of that.
Pin 7
NOTE: You screw up the +5V Please note VERY CAREFULLY the orientation of the
and the ground and you 74LS02 in the socket.
will fry the chip. a) The notch is at the left side in this picture. (This is
not a requirement, but please do so – it will make
debugging easier.
b) The 14-pin chip is oriented/pushed to the left side
of the socket as seen in this photo.
CS140 - Lab03 8
Wiring The Board
In the last slide, you saw the power
connectors for the 74LS02. I
always do those first because
they are the dangerous ones.
Now let’s look at the logic.

1. The microcontroller has RC0

being an output to the NOR
logic. (Brown wire)
2. Similarily, RC1 is the output to
the other input on the NOR.
That’s the purple wire.
3. The output of the NOR is pin
1. That goes as an INPUT to
the microcontroller on RC7. #3 #1 #2
(Red wire)
So these are the giant steps. Going from the
So on the PIC, we need to make PIC logic, the TTL logic and an understanding
RC0 and RC1 OUTPUTS (i.e., or what you want to do. Understand these
INPUTS to the NOR) and need to steps before doing your own wiring.
make RC7 an INPUT (i.e., an
OUTPUT from the NOR.)
CS140 - Lab03 9
 The Code
You can find starter-code Here. The program is called ChipDriver.asm.

You will be expected to understand this code. It’s highly parameterized

and filled with comments. Hope you find it useful.

Note that for each of the devices (Chip driver/reader), Switch, LED;
there’s a routine to configure and one to read/write as appropriate.

CS140 - Lab03 10
 The Logic Chips
You will be amazed how useful your book is for this part. Of particular
interest is the book’s description of three kinds of chips. I’ve provided
an overview of the chip-type, examples of that type I will give you,
and examples of chips I might ask you to wire up for show and tell.
Chip Type Provided For Practice For Show and Tell?

Logic Gates 74LS02, 74LS10, 74LS21 74LS00, 74LS02, 74LS08,

(3.3 in book) 74LS10, 74LS20, 74LS21,
74LS27, 74LS30, 74LS32
Combinational 74LS138 74LS42, 74LS85, 74LS138,
Circuits (3.5 in book) 74LS139, 74LS153, 74LS283

Sequential Circuits 74LS93, 74LS174 74LS93, 74LS112, 74LS164,

(3.6 in book) 74LS174, 74LS194, 74LS374

Finding out more: The appendix of this document contains some information about these
chips. Otherwise, Google can be your friend. (Search on “TTL” + Chip number)
These chips were made originally by Motorola, Fairchild, Texas Instruments, and now
by many vendors.
CS140 - Lab03 11
 Task 1: Code for Reconfiguration
The code that’s been given to you for this project assumes that the switch
is being read at RB5. Test the circuit to make sure this works for you.
During show and tell, I’m going to move the switch wire to some other
input pin – I can be devilish in this activity. ☺
Your task will then be to make this starter code work.
You can practice this before show and tell. Try it at different locations
and see what happens. A good set of sample/practice locations
would be:
RB5 – where it is configured now in the sample code.
RA2 – make sure you turn off analog inputs.
RC1 – especially devilish since that then requires you to reconfigure the
code that you’re using to drive the logic chip in the starter code.

Note: I can’t use RB0 – RB3 – that’s where the LEDs are located.
Nor can I use RA0 since the Pot is on that pin.
Also MCLR, RB6, RB7 are off limits because of debugging constraints.

You are encouraged to work together on this activity.

CS140 - Lab03 12
 Task 2: Drive logic on various chips.
Your Task is to be able to use the Microcontroller to produce the states in
the truth table for a selection of chips. As described, the provided
code gives you an example of how to do this for the 74LS02.

You will have a set of others chips to practice on; and then at show and
tell time, you will demonstrate your prowess with chip testing.

You will have a choice of what type of chip to test, and you will then wire
up that chip on the board and produce code that can run that chip.
The chip you will get will be one of those listed on a previous page
labeled “For Show and Tell”. By all means, practice on the six chips
provided in order to understand how they work. Get together with
your buddies if you wish. Learn all you want about the Show and Tell
chips though you won’t be able to practice on them beforehand.

You are encouraged to work together on this activity.

CS140 - Lab03 13
 Task 2: Drive logic on various chips.
What type chip should you choose?
Logic Chips are fairly low risk; you could even look at the specs for all
those chips and have them programmed beforehand. But low risk
means a somewhat lower grade.
Combinational Chips are medium difficulty. They aren’t hard
conceptually, but they require more connection wires. Also, how you
display the results on the LEDs will take a bit of thinking. I have no
preconceived notion of how that should be done, so you would have
considerable latitude here.
Sequential Chips are also medium difficulty. In general, their challenge is
not in the number of wires, but in the requirement of timing – an input
needs to go lowhigh ten times for instance in order to see the
desired effect.

By The Way: Task 1 and Task 2 are independent of each other – you
can wire the switch wherever you want for Task 2.

You are encouraged to work together on this activity.

CS140 - Lab03 14
 Evaluation Sheet
Lab 03: Your Name:______________________

Task 1:
1. Starting with the code for ChipDriver.asm, the wire for the switch will
be put on some other pin of the microcontroller. You can successfully
modify ChipDriver.asm to make the modified board run successfully.

Task 2:
1. The risk of your chip is Low Medium.

2. You correctly wire your chip, remembering the switch, +5V and ground
for the chip, stimuli wires INTO the chip, response wires OUTOF the
chip.

3. Your code can get one of the states (in and out) to work and the LED
to display what is happening.

4. The chip is driven beautifully and there’s happiness all around.

CS140 - Lab03 15
 Appendix – Logic Gates

74LS00 74LS02 74LS08

Quad 2-input NAND Quad 2-input NOR Quad 2-input AND

74LS10 74LS20 74LS21

Triple 3-input NAND Dual 4-input NAND Dual 4-input AND

CS140 - Lab03 16
 Appendix – Logic Gates

74LS27 74LS30 74LS32

Triple 3-input NOR 8-input NAND Quad 2-input OR

CS140 - Lab03 17
Appendix – Combinational

74LS42 74LS85

74LS85
74LS42 This is a Decoder
4-bit Magnitude Comparator
One of Ten Decoder

CS140 - Lab03 18
Appendix – Combinational
This is a Decoder

74LS138
3 to 8 line decoder
(multiplexer)
CS140 - Lab03 19
Appendix – Combinational

This is a Decoder CS140 - Lab03 20

Appendix – Combinational

CS140 - Lab03 21
Appendix – Combinational
This will be interesting and fun to program. Getting
the whole thing to work would be a big job, but I
might ask you to program the two examples below.

74LS283

74LS283
4-bit full adder
CS140 - Lab03 22
Appendix – Combinational

74LS164
8-bit shift register

CS140 - Lab03 23
 Appendix – Sequential

74LS112
74LS93
Dual JK Negative Edge Flip Flop
Binary Counter
CS140 - Lab03 24
Appendix – Sequential

74LS174
Hex D Flip Flop

CS140 - Lab03 25
Appendix – Sequential

74LS194
4-bit bidirectional shift register
CS140 - Lab03 26
Appendix – Sequential

74LS374
Octal D-type latch

CS140 - Lab03 27