Scribd
Upload
1K views2 pages

Excitation Phenomena in Transformers Excitation Phenomena With Out Hysteresis

This document discusses excitation phenomena in transformers under different conditions. It explains that for a sinusoidal applied voltage, the flux is sinusoidal but the magnetizing current is non-sinusoidal with a prominent third harmonic component due to saturation. For a sinusoidal magnetizing current, the flux is flat-topped and induces non-sinusoidal voltages with a third harmonic. It also analyzes harmonic currents in different 3-phase transformer connections such as delta-delta, delta-star, and star-star with or without a neutral.

Uploaded by

m_mustaqeem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views2 pages

Excitation Phenomena in Transformers Excitation Phenomena With Out Hysteresis

This document discusses excitation phenomena in transformers under different conditions. It explains that for a sinusoidal applied voltage, the flux is sinusoidal but the magnetizing current is non-sinusoidal with a prominent third harmonic component due to saturation. For a sinusoidal magnetizing current, the flux is flat-topped and induces non-sinusoidal voltages with a third harmonic. It also analyzes harmonic currents in different 3-phase transformer connections such as delta-delta, delta-star, and star-star with or without a neutral.

Uploaded by

m_mustaqeem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Excitation Phenomena in Transformers

Excitation Phenomena with out Hysteresis

 For linear magnetization curve the flux is proportional to the magnetizing current and their wave shapes are identical.
 In actual practice saturation occurs.
 For sinusoidal flux, the wave forms of the flux and magnetizing current are different from each other as shown Fig1.

Sinusoidal applied voltage


 For sinusoidal applied voltage V1  E1  4.44 fN1m ,  must be a sine wave.
 The exciting current waveform is peaky in nature and is symmetrical about its maximum value.
 The current and flux have their maximum value at same time
 Fourier analysis of current waveform shows that the magnetizing current consists of fundamental component and a
series of harmonics
 Third harmonic component is predominant.
Excitation Phenomena with Hysteresis
 Due to hysteresis the exciting current has lost its symmetry about its peak value.
 The exciting current can be resolved into magnetizing current in phase with flux and a loss component leading flux by
90.
Sinusoidal exciting current
 For sinusoidal exciting current the waveform of flux is flat topped as shown in Fig.
 Fourier analysis of the flux waveform shows that the flux consists of fundamental component and a series of
harmonics.
 Third harmonic component is predominant.
 The flat topped flux wave induces peaky emfs in primary and secondary windings.
 Fourier analysis of peaky voltage waveform shows that the induced emfs consist of fundamental component and a
series of harmonics
 Third harmonic component is predominant.
Conclusion
 For a sinusoidal applied voltage, the flux is a sine wave and the magnetizing current due to saturation is peaky
containing a pronounced third harmonic current.
 For a sinusoidal magnetizing current , the flux wave is flat topped and induced emfs both in primary and secondary are
peaky containing strong third harmonic emf
 Harmonics in 3-phase Transformers
 Harmonics in 3-phase transformer depends on
o Magnetic circuits of three phases, i.e. they are separate or interlinked
o Type of transformer winding connection.
 Harmonics in 3-phase Bank
 Three single phase transformers are used.
 The magnetic circuits are separate from each other.
 For harmonic analysis, following assumptions are made
o Supply voltage is sinusoidal
o The loads are balanced
Delta-delta connection
 The sinusoidal supply voltage provides sinusoidal magnetizing current.
 The flux produced by this sinusoidal magnetizing current is flat topped containing a pronounced third harmonic flux.
 The emf induced by this flux is non sinusoidal containing fundamental and third harmonic emfs.
 All the third harmonic emfs are in same direction.
 Resultant of third harmonic emfs gives rise to third harmonic current in the close delta.
 Thus the transformer winding current consists of sinusoidal magnetizing current plus third harmonic current.
 This peaky current in the winding corrects the flux wave to be nearly sinusoidal.
 The secondary voltages will be nearly sinusoidal.
Delta-star connection
 The operation is same as Dd connection.
 Since there is delta connection only on one side, the triplen mesh impedance is greater.
 The harmonic currents and drops and the departure of the flux density from sinusoidal are larger in the present case
compared to Dd banks.
Star-star connection (with out neutral)
 The sinusoidal supply voltage provides sinusoidal magnetizing current.
 The flux produced by this sinusoidal magnetizing current is flat topped containing a pronounced third harmonic flux.
 The emf induced by this flux is non sinusoidal containing fundamental and third harmonic emfs.
 All the third harmonic emfs are in same direction, and therefore they cancel each other between any pair of lines.
 As a result no triplen current can flow in the lines.
 Magnetizing currents remains sinusoidal, flux in each transformer is flat topped and emfs are non sinusoidal.
 The balance between the applied voltage and induced emf between the line terminals is maintained.
 The triplen emfs are balanced out between line terminals.
 The neutral of the transformer oscillates
o Since transformer is connected to a large 3-phase power network, the tip of a, b, c of the fundamental
phasors can not change their position. It is neutral that shifts its position at frequency 3f. The beffect of this
oscillating neutral is to cause fluctuations in the line to star voltage.
o This connection is not used in practice
Star-star connection (with neutral)
 The sinusoidal supply voltage provides sinusoidal magnetizing current.
 The flux produced by this sinusoidal magnetizing current is flat topped containing a pronounced third harmonic flux.
 The emf induced by this flux is non sinusoidal containing fundamental and third harmonic emfs.
 If the alternator and the primary of Yy transformer have their neutral grounded the third harmonic currents flow in the
line and phase winding of transformer
 As a result of it, the flux and phase voltages are sine wave.
 The third harmonic current passing through the ground is equal to three times the third harmonic magnetizing current
in the line.
 The main disadvantage of the third harmonic current flowing in the line is that these may cause considerable
interference with the communication circuits running parallel the line.

You might also like