Kafr El-Shach University

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
2018/2019

RESEARCH ABOUT
CONFERENCE CENRTERS

Student Work : Adnan Esmail

Supervision of : Dr/ Naser Mekawe
The relation between the blanks :
 Planning a Conference Centre
All over the world new Conference Centres are being planned and built which, it is now
generally accepted, require the consultation with Professional Congress Organisers
(PCOs) at the planning stage to avoid many of the design problems that have arisen in
the past.

IAPCO represents over 100 leading PCOs based in over 30 countries and working in all
major conference cities and countries throughout the world. As such, IAPCO is in the
unique position of being able to compile the criteria which the end user seeks to find in a
national or international conference centre.

Whilst every venue is designed with a certain market in mind, there are some basic
requirements which can be usefully applied to all centres. For the purposes of this
document, IAPCO has only considered the facilities, space and equipment which are to be
made available on a rental basis either directly from the venue or from reliable suppliers
as some equipment need not always be permanently installed. The administrative office
requirements for the day-to-day running of the centre would also need to be incorporated
and the needs of other end-users considered.

This guide (a) describes spaces needed for an international Congress and their relative
size; (b) identifies key design criteria for meeting venues; (c) provides their owners and
operators with suggestions for the management of the different elements of them.

Each design element is preceded by a brief commentary, explaining the relevance and
importance of that element to the meeting professional. The key design issues and critical
management decisions which have an effect on the utility of venues, and therefore their
attractiveness to the client are highlighted.

The guide does not set out to be an exhaustive architectural specification. It does not deal
with a range of engineering, architectural and construction issues. Its concern is with the
function of the venue and its various elements. For that reason it does not refer to design or
construction standards per se, assuming that designers will design to appropriate Codes and
Standards.

Best Practice design criteria are introduced with the word ‘Provide’ and Key Management
Decisions with the word ‘Consider’. The Guide is not, however, intended to be prescriptive –
rather it provides a menu from which operators and owners may choose to brief their
designers, depending on the size and sophistication of the facilities they wish to develop,
and the type and size of meetings they are interested in attracting.

The flow of the guide reflects the pattern followed in the use of a meeting venue by a
meeting professional – external access flows to internal transport, to delivery and storage, to
the availability of essential services, and so on.
OVERVIEW & DEFINITIONS 3

CAPACITIES 4

ELEMENT A1 Access External 5

ELEMENT A2 Access Internal 6
ELEMENT A3 Access Parking 7
ELEMENT A4 Access Delivery and Storage 8

ELEMENT B1 Transport External 9

ELEMENT B2 Transport Internal 10

ELEMENT C1 Services Plumbing 11

ELEMENT C2 Services Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems 12
ELEMENT C3 Services Power 13
ELEMENT C4 Services Light 14
ELEMENT C5 Services Communications 15
ELEMENT C6 Services Audio Visual Equipment 16

ELEMENT D Production 17

ELEMENT E Catering 18

ELEMENT F1 Facilities Signage 19

ELEMENT F2 Facilities Floor Finishes 20
ELEMENT F3 Facilities Wall Finishes 20
ELEMENT F4 Facilities VIP / Dressing / Rehearsal Rooms 21

ELEMENT G1 Nerve Centre Registration Desks 22

ELEMENT G2 Nerve Centre Secretariat Office 23
ELEMENT G3 Nerve Centre PCO Office 23
ELEMENT G4 Nerve Centre Media Facilities 24
ELEMENT G5 Nerve Centre Speakers’ Ready Room 24

ELEMENT H1 Meeting Rooms Facilities 25

ELEMENT H2 Meeting Rooms Fittings and Furniture 26
ELEMENT H3 Meeting Rooms Services 27

ELEMENT I Poster Area Facilities 27

ELEMENT J1 Public Spaces Facilities 28
ELEMENT J2 Public Spaces Services 29

ELEMENT K Exhibition 30
ELEMENT L Safety 31
ELEMENT M Sustainability Issues 32
ELEMENT N Security 33
ELEMENT O Venue Management 34
ELEMENT P Other 34

LIST OF MEMBERS 2008 35

OVERVIEW AND DEFINITIONS

Each element of the guide is intended to stand alone. This leads to some repetition – meeting
organizers will find the heart felt cry for cherry pickers and plenty of trolleys familiar, whilst others
will find the duplication repetitive. The authors had the option of referring to each essential of
desirable element only once and cross referencing it, but believe that it may be easier for users of
the guide to find a comprehensive statement of what is required set out in each element.

The guide is primarily intended for operators and owners of new venues, but will provide a useful
checklist for owners and operators of existing venues to benchmark and measure the suitability of
their facilities for different types of meetings, and of the requirements of meeting professionals for
different types of meetings.

The meeting professionals the authors had in mind cover a wide spectrum of people and callings,
all of whom work in different types of venues to deliver related services:
▪ Meeting Organisers (professional organisers or those employed directly
by an organisation staging a meeting
▪ Venue operators
▪ Production houses providing theming, staging and events
▪ Equipment suppliers supplying audio visual equipment and/or services,
staging, lighting and so on
▪ Transport and tour operators
▪ Entertainers
▪ Caterers
▪ and of course the end client, the meeting attendee.

Standard nomenclature has been used throughout the guide:

▪ ‘Venue’ has been used as a generic descriptor for the wide range of
conference and convention centres, hotels and motels, training and
conference centres, halls and other spaces within which meetings are
held;
▪ ‘Meeting’ has been used to capture the panoply of conferences,
exhibitions, sales and management meetings, events, training
programmes and educational activities which involve groups meeting
together;
▪ ‘Attendee’ has been used throughout to describe the delegates,
participants, exhibitors or members of the public without whose presence
the meeting would not have been organised;
▪ ‘PCO’ has been used to refer to Professional Congress Organiser;
▪ ‘Client’ has been used as a generic descriptor of the person or
organization with whom the venue operator has primary contact, whether
a professional meeting organizer, corporate or associate meeting
planner, exhibition organizer or member of the public organising a
meeting.
▪ ‘Build-up’ and ‘Breakdown’ have been used to refer to the movement into
and out of venues of materials and equipment, particularly related to
audio visual and production needs.
CAPACITIES

Minimum capacity requirements are detailed below for a Convention Centre accommodating 3500 delegates.

The capacities for the convention can be reduced proportionally as the number of delegates decreases,
however, this is not necessarily the case with the exhibition. While delegate numbers may be lower,
exhibitors may consider that the quality of the delegates is such that they require the same amount of
exhibition space as they would for a larger attendance.

Auditorium 3500 seats

Main Halls Single level, flat floor space which can be divided (at the very
minimum) into 4 areas.

One area of 1000 theatre style and 3 areas of 400 theatre style.

Breakout Rooms 10 rooms of varying sizes (maximum of 400 theatre style and a
minimum of 150 theatre style.

Exhibition/Poster Displays 10000sqm (gross), 5000sqm (net usable exhibition space). All in a
column-free space on one level.

Other spaces Flexible spaces for offices, ad hoc meetings, secretariat, speaker
preparation, etc.

Foyers Wide foyers (rather than long ones) so that they can be used, not just
for traffic flow, but also for registration, internet area, poster displays
and stand-up catering. When there are multiple hirers using the
venue, foyer areas need to be designated for each hirer.
ELEMENT A1 ACCESS – EXTERNAL

COMMENTARY: Access broadly breaks down into three categories:

Individuals arriving by car or public transport
People arriving in groups by coach
Trucks and service vehicles

The most important elements are ease of access and facility of entry for all categories and for all aspects of
access: external, internal, delivery, storage and parking.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Easily identifiable entrance and exit, and clear external signage,
PROVIDE which may need to be illuminated.

2. Sufficient unloading/loading space to accommodate multiple events.

3. Level ground floor with loading docks of sufficient size for all services
including client vehicles.

4. Large coach drop off and collection points adjacent to main entrance,
with sufficient turning space and height, accessible under cover.

5. Doors of sufficient width and height or demountable/retractable walls

to permit truck access (trucks delivering exhibit and staging
equipment pose particular problems).

6. Floor loadings to permit truck access.

7. Easily identifiable and weather protected entrance and reception area

for attendees.

8. Clearly identified disabled access.

9. In larger venues, security systems and monitoring at loading docks.

10. Separate entry for venue staff.

11. Storage space (for several days) for pre-congress consignments

including exhibitors’ displays materials.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Manager/security guard contactable direct by phone.

DECISIONS – CONSIDER
2. Recording and coding of all deliveries.

3. In larger venues, loading dock staffed at nominated times, and a

security management and monitoring system in place.

4. Area to be clean, well lit and secure with plenty of trolleys for client
use.

5. Provision of Concierge and porterage services, which include

provision for receipt of urgent courier deliveries to front of house
rather than loading docks.

6. Security arrangements for VIPs.

7. Signage for dedicated service access routes.

8. Ready access for the PCO to storage areas.

ELEMENT A2 ACCESS – INTERNAL

COMMENTARY: Clear separation of front of house from back of house functions should be reflected in
differing access routes to different parts of venues by the public and venue staff, and separation of noise and
smells from areas used by attendees. Access between spaces within the convention centre should be easy
and well-signposted.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Clear signposting throughout venue.

PROVIDE
2. Disabled access to all areas (including easy access on to stages for
disabled speakers).

3. Close proximity for attendees to car parks and undercover access

from car parks and/or accommodation.

4. Service corridors for goods and services from loading dock to

function areas.

5. Function areas identifiable from service corridors.

6. Service lifts with wide, tall doors capable of carrying large

equipment and heavy loads.

7. Goods lifts from loading dock to all public areas large enough to
accommodate goods to be exhibited, e.g. display equipment,
vehicles.

8. Separate kitchen lift service for food and beverage.

9. Function rooms lockable by client as well as house security.

10. Access for vehicles to function areas to unload and load, with
appropriate floor load bearing capacity.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. 24-hour access for all organisers, either through security or card-
DECISIONS – CONSIDER key, or otherwise by prior arrangement.

2. Access to facilitate smooth ‘build-up’ and ‘breakdown’ of staging

and audio visual equipment outside normal business hours.

3. Plenty of trolleys for movement of meeting materials and equipment.

4. Cherry picker and forklift.

ELEMENT A3 ACCESS – PARKING

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Plenty of space for parking while unloading/loading goods and
PROVIDE equipment with a dedicated car park for vehicles delivering goods or
equipment.

2. Parking for trucks with sufficient height and turning space where
staging, audio visual or other equipment needs to be packed in or
out within a short time period.

3. Long-term parking for trucks used for transporting production

equipment and exhibitors’ displays.

4. Coach parking bays off street.

5. Sufficient undercover parking for attendees.

6. All parking, including venue staff parking, should be secure.

7. Disabled spaces.

8. Direct access to venue lobby.

9. Clear directions for exiting car park.

10. Sufficient cashier stations (everyone likely to leave at once).

11. Sufficient exits to street, with adequate queuing lanes.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. A percentage of parking dedicated to meeting attendees, provided

DECISIONS – CONSIDER free or at preferential rates.

2. Designated reserved space for organisers’ access, provided free or

at preferential rates.

3. Clearly displayed height dimensions and hours of operation in

parking facilities.
ELEMENT A4 ACCESS – DELIVERY AND STORAGE

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Colour coded storage bays set aside for specific meetings.
PROVIDE
2. Facilities to store up to one week prior to and two days after a
meeting.

3. Storage available for meeting organisers, exhibitors’ packaging

materials and production equipment cases or offsite storage
provided by a company with a delivery service to the convention
centre on the setup day.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Colour coded pre-addressed labels to differentiate meetings,

DECISIONS – CONSIDER matching colour coded bays for different meetings.

2. Plenty of trolleys (and forklifts in larger venues) and staff to assist

build-up of meeting and exhibition material.

3. Management guidelines for incoming and outgoing goods.

ELEMENT B1 TRANSPORT – EXTERNAL

COMMENTARY: Transport incorporates several elements:

The movement of goods into and out of the venue

The movement of goods from one area to another
The movement of attendees around the centre

Free flow and lack of potentially congested areas is vital to the smooth and efficient operation of a meeting
venue.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Drive-up, drive-in access (refer to Element A1).

PROVIDE
2. Truck to trolley at loading docks or unload by hoist.

3. Space for queuing buses.

4. Turning area for delivery trucks.

5. Feature lifts in larger multi-level venues.

6. Covered walkways connecting various areas within and without the

venue and weather protection to transport pick up and drop off
points.

7. Easy access to public transport.

8. Easily identifiable taxi waiting bays and call buttons.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Address for delivery dock clearly shown on brochures or letters to
DECISIONS – CONSIDER organisers (refer to Element A4).

2. ‘People movers’ operating around site.

3. Shuttles from nearby hotels.

4. Schedule unloading pre-convention and packing out post-

convention.
ELEMENT B2 TRANSPORT – INTERNAL

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Back of house well signed to facilitate transfer of goods from loading
PROVIDE docks.

2. Passageways of sufficient width for trolleys.

3. Big goods lifts in larger venues.

4. Direct lift or hoist from loading dock to upper levels.

5. Moving footway facilities to enhance efficient movement of people in

venues where long distances are involved.

6. Walkways for people to walk freely, avoiding intersections where

groups of people have to cross.

7. Non slip easily maintained floors.

8. Stairs, lifts and high-speed escalators to facilitate the movement of

people in multi level venues in a short period of time.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Sufficient trolleys, forklifts and pallet jacks for build-up and
DECISIONS – CONSIDER breakdown of meeting and exhibition materials and equipment.

2. Cherry pickers for use in function rooms.

3. In large exhibition areas (say 10,000 sq. metres) a self drive golf
cart can be useful.

4. Management programming a delivery goods timetable and

coordinating it with meeting organisers.

5. Discouraging exhibition stands and catering in walkways, in favour

of dedicated pre and post function areas.
ELEMENT C1 SERVICES – PLUMBING

COMMENTARY: Meeting groups usually break en masse so plumbing and bathroom location and capacity
are important.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Sufficient toilets (including disabled) in several locations, all fitted
PROVIDE with airlocks.

2. Minimum dimensions per cubicle 1.5m by .85m, with doors to swing

in.

3. Cubicle partitions minimum 2100 mm high.

4. One unisex shower for use by convention VIPs and organisers.

5. Two continuous toilet roll dispensers per cubicle.

6. Paper towels and dryers (not just one or the other).

7. Adequate soap dispensers.

8. Hot water available in washbasins in toilet facilities.

9. Full length mirrors available in all toilets.

10. Plumbing available in one breakout room for wet workshops.

11. Drinking water fountains.

12. Water and waste disposal at exhibition area for exhibitors with wet
displays and catering.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Coordinating different meetings schedules to avoid queues.

DECISIONS – CONSIDER
2. Regularly replenishing tissues.

3. Regular cleaning and restocking.

4. Regular servicing of dryers and towels.

 SERVICES – HEATING, VENTILATION & AIRCONDITIONING
ELEMENT C2
SYSTEMS

COMMENTARY: Unlike an office where activity is constant throughout the day, meeting spaces peak and
trough with sudden surges of people moving from area to area. Air distribution should provide even, draught
free air movement and be readily able to be adjusted. Comfort conditions should consider Fanger’s
PPD/PMV equations including the effect on mean radiant temperature of external glazing.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Individual air-conditioning in all meeting rooms.

PROVIDE
2. Windows that open, where possible, in smaller meeting rooms or
public areas.

3. Air conditioning which:

i. is quiet;
ii. is effective;
iii. is quickly adjustable;
iv. is controllable in each room; and
v. provides uniform comfort conditions throughout
each room.

4. Ceiling fan where air conditioning is unavailable.

5. Separate ventilation system in areas where smoking is permitted.

6. Keypad in each area which allows for adjustments to be readily

made.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Turning off air conditioning when individual spaces are not in use.
DECISIONS – CONSIDER
2. Regular inspection, cleaning and testing of air conditioning system.
ELEMENT C3 SERVICES – POWER

COMMENTARY: Almost all facilities within venues rely on the availability of sufficient power widely
distributed throughout the venue. Access to a sufficient number of power outlets in convenient locations is a
substantial point of difference between venues.

The use of solar or other environmentally responsible power sources and techniques to moderate fossil fuel
consumption will increasingly be an issue for meeting organisers, and for venues.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Multiple power points, easily accessible, built into floors, walls and
PROVIDE ceilings in all areas likely to require it (both meeting rooms and open
spaces).

2. Sufficient power including 15 amp GPOs and at least 300 amps per
phase for concerts in larger venues.

3. Floor well access for power in meeting and exhibition areas.

4. Access to 3-phase including 5 pin GPOs or other power types for

high demand, front and back of venue, and centre side walls in
dividable rooms.

5. Complete back up system for emergencies to maintain all services

(standby generator with uninterruptable power supply, gas back up
or similar).

6. Power points clearly labeled with circuit breaker number and phase
around all meeting rooms on multiple circuits to spread loads.

7. Surge protectors for computers as well as for whole building.

8. Earth leakage detector and cut out, particularly in kitchen and client
nerve centre areas.

9. Power circuits for plant and equipment, e.g. ice making machinery,
separate circuits for client use (particularly computers).

10. Back up power system, e.g. generator.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Providing extension leads and power boards, clearly marked and
DECISIONS – CONSIDER easily identifiable.

2. Providing qualified electrician on-site in larger venues, and access

to one in other venues.

3. Plan clearly showing number of GPOs per circuit.

4. Location plan for light and power points and sound controls
accessible to organisers and technicians.

5. Clearly advertise any power charges in the initial proposal. Detail

these costs in the venue contract.
ELEMENT C4 SERVICES – LIGHT

COMMENTARY: Flexible well directed lighting allows the audience in meeting spaces to see the speaker
clearly, to see each other, take notes, see the screen and see entertainment. Lighting levels need to be
easily adjustable and areas readily isolated.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Flexible fully controllable lighting to all meeting room areas:
PROVIDE i. track lighting in smaller rooms;
ii. spots and special lighting on tracks in main
auditorium;.
iii. speakers always visible even when the lights
are dimmed;
iv. room lighting adjustable from the lectern;
v. wall washes for displays and down lighting to
the areas where the audience sits;
vi. able to be easily adjusted by the meeting organiser.

2. Dedicated and flexible lighting systems in presentation areas to

cope with straight oral and highly produced live action sequences:
i. all lights capable of tight focus to prevent spill
onto projection screens;
ii. portable and wireless control systems to allow
operation anywhere in the room.

3. No fixed protruding light fittings in meeting rooms, especially

chandeliers in multi-purpose rooms unless they are full retractable.

4. Exhibition areas:
i. circuits to assist display lighting;
ii. well distributed system to reach all parts of the
area when displays are in position;
iii. ceiling grid fixing points to mount additional lights.

5. Lighting to stair treads in tiered auditorium.

6. Emergency and Exit lighting complying with the country’s building

code.

7. Extra lights for riggers working in roof trusses.

8. Dimmable quartz halogen lamps throughout.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Cherry pickers, scissor lift or boom lift in larger venues to access
DECISIONS – CONSIDER ceiling lights and power grid.
ELEMENT C5 SERVICES – COMMUNICATIONS

COMMENTARY: As business and the community in general accepts modern communications technology, so
must the meeting venue. Outsiders (speakers, callers) need to reach in, attendees need to reach each other
and to reach out. Provision of facilities for the disabled needs consideration.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. High speed wireless and wired broadband facilities in meeting and
PROVIDE exhibition space. As a guideline one wired broadband line per 50
people.

2. Announcement and electronic message monitors in public areas.

3. Public address system and “call to attendees” bell or other.

4. ‘Meeting in Progress’ lights outside front and back of house entry to

meeting rooms.

5. Multiple phone/fax outlets for registration and business areas, and

outlets for computer modems.

6. Mobile communication systems for clients, show producers and

crews.

7. Loop for hearing impaired.

8. Built-in interpretation facilities.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Employees dedicated to communications in larger venues.

DECISIONS – CONSIDER
2. Direct and immediate access to floor manager during events.

3. Walkie talkies available if required.

4. Dedicated telephone and fax numbers available at time of booking

for publication by clients.

5. Clearly advertise any communications charges in the initial

proposal. Detail these costs in the venue contract.
ELEMENT C6 SERVICES – AUDIO VISUAL EQUIPMENT

COMMENTARY: Speakers, audiences and organisers have seen the improved communication which is
possible when there is flexibility in the shape and layout of rooms, when lighting can be controlled freely, and
when speakers use a variety of media (video, computer, response systems, stage effects, live action, etc.).
All this creates the need for venue management to decide what to provide and on what basis. Built in
equipment should be limited to auditoria. All other spaces should be able to be equipped as required.

This Element should be considered in conjunction with Elements dealing with Communications, Power, Light,
Production and Meeting Room Services.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Flexible, comprehensive and adjustable provision for audio visual
PROVIDE equipment rather than fixed.

2. Movable panels and storage which can easily be erected to neatly

enclose audio visual operator and equipment at the back of meeting
rooms.

3. Ceiling grids (concealed preferably) to fly video/data projectors,

lights and other equipment.

4. In-house music able to be easily adjusted by meeting organisers.

5. Cable traps under the entrance doors to each room.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Flexible approach to provision of equipment and services with the
DECISIONS – CONSIDER ability to have either in-house or external operators and equipment
providers.

2. Providing equipment at no extra charge, including stage risers, a

lectern, at least one microphone and a sound system adequate for
the spoken word, some basic focusable lighting, screens for front
and rear projection in various sizes and an electronic whiteboard.

3. Media splitter box in main meeting room.

4. Providing experienced in-house technical people to set up, operate

and pull down equipment if it is supplied by the venue.

5. Providing a prospectus of available equipment in plain English.

6. Maintaining and replacing equipment on a regular basis.

7. Equipping staff with technical and interpersonal skills to deal with

clients, or developing a commercial relationship with an audio visual
supplier which provides all services on a preferred supplier basis.

8. Distinctive identification e.g. clothing or badges, for venue audio

visual services staff.

9. Information indicating safe load capacity (weight) for ceiling grids for
suspension of equipment.

10. Swipe card registration and voting systems.

11. Set up flexibility permitting a screen to be mounted in the centre of

the stage area, and lecterns to either side.
ELEMENT D PRODUCTION

COMMENTARY: Venues must be able to offer facilities that are as flexible as possible for productions.
Different stage and seating configurations and rigging points must be available.

This Element should be considered in conjunction with Elements dealing with Communications, Power, Light,
Audio Visual Services and Meeting Room Services.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Stage sections/pieces rather than fixed stages.

PROVIDE
2. Perimeter grid around walls with frequent hanging/lighting points.

3. Drapes made for correct floor to ceiling height and a tab track
around the walls from which the drapes hang.

4. Dance floor pieces available.

5. High ceilings without fixed protruding light fittings.

6. Flexible uniform ceiling grid system (with rated points of at least 2

tonnes in a main conference hall) to suspend trusses, motors,
lighting or other fixtures:
i. regardless of room layout;
ii. adjustable height an advantage.

7. No chandeliers.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Flexible with build-up/out.

DECISIONS – CONSIDER
2. Staff with good knowledge of all fixtures and fittings.

3. Cherry-pickers, scissor lift, boom lift or similar and ladders available

on site.

4. Technicians on site.

5. Photographs and drawings of previous themed events, to

demonstrate how the venue can be used.

6. Floor plans with accurate dimensions which include exits and any
areas which cannot be covered, e.g. kitchen entry, fire hydrants.
ELEMENT E CATERING

COMMENTARY: The ideal venue will cater to both the attendees en masse and to the public through a wide
variety of food and beverage outlets.

Pricing policies have long been a problem with clients showing a resistance to significant payment for food
and beverage before it is consumed.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Kitchen or food preparation access close to all meeting, pre function
PROVIDE and foyer areas, or hot box system in lieu.

2. Extractor fans to all food areas.

3. Food outlets in public areas e.g. coffee shop for attendees doing
business in meeting time.

4. Meeting rooms insulated from sounds and smells of food

preparation and dining areas.

5. Food preparation and dining area set up sounds insulated from

meeting rooms.

6. Gas fitments in kitchen or food preparation areas.

7. Staff canteen and catering area for contractors.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Flexible arrangements suiting the client, not the caterer:
DECISIONS – CONSIDER i. a broad range of food styles and prices, with
good range of wines;
ii. ability to pay deposits first and balance after
the event;
iii. ability to specify menus rather than force clients
to choose from standard menus;
iv. ability to provide for special dietary needs;
v. attention paid to imaginative food presentation;
vi. all dishes on buffets to be labeled for international
congresses.

2. Mobile fast food and beverage outlets.

3. Coffee facility open early in the morning.

4. Staff available when sessions delayed or have early or late start or

finish.

5. Staff with adequate training to understand and meet different

attendees’ needs.
ELEMENT F1 FACILITIES – SIGNAGE

COMMENTARY: Both designers and managers have an immediate opportunity to place the visitor in a
comfort zone through clear and concise internal signage (both printed and electronic), and to ‘brand’ the
venue with external signage.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – EXTERNAL

PROVIDE
1. Clear signage on main access routes starting as far away from the
venue as possible.

2. External signage to roof level sufficient for identification of venue.

3. External signage at ground level sufficient for direction of pedestrian

and vehicular traffic.

4. Temporary customising e.g. with electronic display to enable

specific events to be announced.

5. Flagpoles for clients’ flags or banners.

6. External and flood lighting consistent with the image of the venue.

7. All external signs using universal/international symbols.

INTERNAL

1. All meeting rooms, public spaces and other facilities well

signposted, and clearly labeled, in words and internationally
recognised symbols including tactile signage for the visually
impaired.

2. Visible directory board in foyer updated regularly and location plans

throughout.

3. Colour coding of facilities and different levels or sectors.

4. Temporary sign holders compatible with décor. Wall mounted and

free standing available.

5. Well located, accessible hanging points or locations in meeting and

public spaces.

6. Clocks in foyers and public spaces.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Information desk in prominent position.

DECISIONS – CONSIDER
2. Providing accurate dimensions for flagpoles.

3. Organisers prefer, where possible, to supplement existing signage

rather than replace it. Existing signs should allow space for
additional information to be included.
ELEMENT F2 FACILITIES – FLOOR FINISHES

COMMENTARY: Floor finishes are almost always selected for reasons of economy or aesthetics rather than
for the comfort of the client or user. A better balance is needed between economy and comfort on the one
hand, and between the competing demands of vehicular and pedestrian traffic on the other.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Floor finishes which are hard wearing, in neutral colours, and
PROVIDE comfortable underfoot over extended periods;
i. carpet in all meeting rooms and public space;
ii. carpet tiles with underlay in high pedestrian
traffic areas;
iii. portable ergonomic matting behind registration
and information counters.

2. Non skid, non articulated surface in vehicular traffic areas, to

maximise safety and minimise noise.

3. Portable dance floors in 1 sqm sections.

4. Central vacuum system.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Cleaning venue to suit meeting organisers’ schedule.

DECISIONS – CONSIDER

ELEMENT F3 FACILITIES – WALL FINISHES

COMMENTARY: Aesthetics are important. We all enjoy beautiful things, but ‘creative’ wall finishes should
be limited to public areas to allow the meeting organiser to be creative inside the meeting room.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Low maintenance and durable finishes.

PROVIDE
2. Plain non reflective surfaces and neutral colours least likely to clash
with temporary installations.

3. Hanging points for drapes or displays.

4. No mirror surfaces in meeting spaces.

5. Acoustically designed, flat, no intrusions, no protruding wall

sconces.

6. Retractable soundproofed walls, lockable for rigidity and

unobtrusive when retracted.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Regular cleaning of all surfaces, particularly glass and metal.
DECISIONS – CONSIDER
ELEMENT F4 FACILITIES – VIP / DRESSING / REHEARSAL ROOMS

COMMENTARY: A performance will always run more smoothly if entertainers have good facilities. Meeting
venues that are not purpose built should endeavour to supply the additional fixtures which can equip a
‘dressing room’ at short notice. Larger venues will require them to be permanently in place.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – VIP ROOMS

PROVIDE
1. Rooms should:
i. have discrete access;
iii. be comfortably furnished (both lounge seating and
work table);
iv. have mirrors with good lighting over vanity tables;
v. have a separate toilet and shower;
vi. have audio and video feed from auditoria;
vii. be equipped with phones;
viii. have multiple power outlets.

DRESSING ROOMS

2. One dedicated dressing room in venues not primarily geared to

entertainment, easily divided into male/female when necessary,
keeping access to toilets in mind.

3. Rooms should:
i. be close to the main meeting room;
ii. have discrete access;
iii. be equipped with secure hanging space;
iv. have mirrors with good lighting over vanity tables;
v. have separate toilets and showers;
vi. have audio and video feed from all performance
areas;
vii. be equipped with phones;
viii. have multiple power outlets.

4. A ‘green room’ in venues large enough to have several entertainers

during a single performance in which food and beverage can be
provided.

REHEARSAL ROOM

1. Enclosed space without natural light close to the dressing room.

2. Sound system, lighting.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Food and beverage supplied conveniently to these areas.

DECISIONS – CONSIDER
2. Regular servicing of bathrooms and supply of towels.

3. Iron and ironing board in dressing rooms.

ELEMENT G1 NERVE CENTRE – REGISTRATION DESK

COMMENTARY: The meeting organiser is attracted to venues which recognise and assist in overcoming
the challenges involved in setting up a temporary headquarters or ‘nerve centre’ for each meeting. Venues
which anticipate and respond to the challenges make a considerable contribution to the smooth running of
meetings, and the minimisation of the pressure under which meeting organisers often work on site.

Sensitive design and management of registration, secretariat and media facilities make a significant
difference to the organiser and the success of the meeting.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Adequate number of mobile and modular registration desks with
PROVIDE fronts 1500mm high and work surface 1200 high behind, (including
computer equipment access), and chairs of appropriate height to
cater for multiple concurrent events. See also Element F2 –
ergonomic matting. The desks should not be a built in feature.

2. Number of units to suit the number of attendees expected.

3. Facilities for storage of satchels and other materials and equipment.

4. Mobile screens available for screening or use as notice/message

boards.

5. Lockup facility at desk for storage of computers and other

equipment.

6. Power outlets well distributed to suit possible alternative locations.

7. Lighting levels appropriate to intensive administrative work.

8. Phone, fax and data outlets.

9. Private area to check cash, etc.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Providing space for satchel packing before registration.

DECISIONS – CONSIDER
2. Clearly advertise any registration facility charges in the initial
proposal. Detail these costs in the venue contract.
ELEMENT G2 NERVE CENTRE – SECRETARIAT OFFICE

COMMENTARY: The secretariat office needs to be close to the registration area.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Separate lockable secretariat office required for larger meetings of
PROVIDE more than 2 days duration. Key provided to organisers.

2. Phones, fax and data lines.

3. Good light is essential.

4. Space for storage of material prior to the meeting.

5. Basic kitchen facilities adjacent for self-service drinks/snacks.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Regular rubbish removal.

DECISIONS – CONSIDER
2. Trestle tables for computers and records, and tables and chairs for
staff to relax during breaks.

3. Computer, printers, modems and photocopiers available for hire by

meeting organisers.

4. Meeting table and some basic stationery available.

5. Trolleys which can be used for storing satchels prior to event and
easy transport to registration desk on the day.

6. Rubbish containers including recycling bins sufficient for large

volumes of material.

7. Space to set up a business centre (equipment and furniture

provided to meet the organiser’s requirements.

ELEMENT G3 NERVE CENTRE – PCO OFFICE

COMMENTARY: The office is primarily a briefing room and a space for PCO staff breaks.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Minimum of 25sqm close to the Registration Desk.

PROVIDE
2. Lockable.

3. Basic kitchen facilities adjacent for self-service drinks/snacks.

ELEMENT G4 NERVE CENTRE – MEDIA FACILITIES

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Dedicated room for media representatives equipped with adequate
PROVIDE power, phone, fax and modem facilities.

2. Separate room for interviews closely located to speakers’ room, with

good lighting, sound proof and no wall decoration.

3. Media room in larger venues needs full communications facilities

and TV reception.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Continuous self serve catering.

DECISIONS – CONSIDER
2. Communications facilities, e.g. phone, fax, data.

ELEMENT G5 NERVE CENTRE – SPEAKERS’ READY ROOM

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Space for multiple speakers to check their presentations and meet
PROVIDE with others.

2. Ample power outlets for catering equipment and audio visual

equipment.

3. Located within easy reach of the meeting rooms.

4. Facilities to enable audio-visual presentations to be transmitted

seamlessly and speedily to all meeting spaces.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Tea/coffee regularly replenished.

DECISIONS – CONSIDER
ELEMENT H1 MEETING ROOMS – FACILITIES

COMMENTARY: The services, facilities and joinery made available from or included in meeting rooms need
to be flexible and comprehensive, designed and maintained to provide optimum surroundings for attendees,
ready access for attendees and ease of organisation for meeting organisers.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Pillarless space.

PROVIDE
2. Flexible layout with space able to be divided into various size
meeting rooms.

3. Full access for disabled into and within meeting rooms (including
access to stages).

4. Attendees’ entry at the back of rooms.

5. Every seat must have a clear sightline to the platform and any
audio-visual presentations.

6. A ceiling height of a minimum of 3.6m for a room for a maximum of

300 delegates. Ceiling height needs to increase in proportion to an
increase in the size of a room.

7. Facilities to provide total black-out within each room.

8. A reflective surface on one wall of each small room for projection.

9. Full climate control.

10. Acoustics: maximum of 1.5 seconds averaged over the one octave
frequency bands from 125kHz to 8kHZ.

11. Isolation between meeting rooms to be a minimum of

53dB (with field test results better than 5dB below the laboratory
performance).

12. Lighting with a minimum of 500 lux dimmable between 3% and

100%.

13. Upholstered seating with a minimum seat width of 55cm (65cm for
VIP seating).

14. Minimum row space of 85-90cm but 95cm preferred.

15. Easy entry/exit double doors with peep holes.

16. Entry/exit doors which open and close silently.

17. Loop for hearing impaired.

18. Storage space for chairs not in use.

19. In tiered auditorium able to stage productions, backstage access

and depth to stage, allowing performers to enter from wings.

20. Areas/rooms colour coded.

21. Interpretation facilities (including cabling and connections) which in

an auditorium should be built-in and meet the requirements of AIIC.
KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Water and glasses as standard set up for all meetings.
DECISIONS – CONSIDER
2. Tap water served in jugs rather than serving bottled water (to
minimise expense and plastic waste).

3. Re-set after each use.

4. Plans for set up for standard formats (classroom, u-shape, theatre,

etc.) which are comfortable, i.e. not maximum capacities.

ELEMENT H2 MEETING ROOMS – FITTINGS AND FURNITURE

COMMENTARY: The use to which different meeting rooms are to be put, and the design of those rooms,
creates a range of choices for seating. In tiered theatre style rooms, where attendees may spend
comparatively short periods of time, fixed or retractable chairs may be a preferred option. In rooms with level
floors, flexibility of use may suggest easily moved and stackable chairs, whilst ergonomic considerations may
call for quite different design alternatives.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Easily removable and ergonomically designed chairs.

PROVIDE
2. Chairs with retractable lecture tables in auditoria.

3. Tiered and retractable seating able to be retracted quickly (1 hour).

4. Choice of circular, standard trestle, or narrow (18 inches or 46cm)

tables for classroom layout.

5. Chairs which are comfortable and meet safety standards.

6. Stairs for stage access including hand rails.

7. Stage modules of varying heights including ramp access for

disabled use.

8. Doors which open and close easily and silently.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Set up to allow sufficient space between rows for comfortable entry
DECISIONS – CONSIDER and exit.

2. All furniture should be strong and lightweight for easy moving.

3. Clearly advertise any furniture charges in the initial proposal. Detail

these costs in the venue contract.
ELEMENT H3 MEETING ROOMS – SERVICES

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Height adjustable lectern with a flat surface space sufficient to take
PROVIDE laptop, notes and water.

2. Tracks or other fittings around perimeter of ceiling for hanging

backdrops and a grid of hooks on ceiling for hanging banners/signs.

3. Generally flexible audio visual and production arrangements – see

Audio Visual Services and Production Elements.

4. Normal and multi phase power access in multiple configurations –

see Power Services Element.

5. Wireless data facilities.

6. Natural light.

7. Rooms able to be completely blacked out easily and quickly.

8. No low hanging light fittings or chandeliers.

ELEMENT I POSTER AREA – FACILITIES

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Flat floor space.

PROVIDE
2. Area located very close to exhibition area with easy traffic flow
between the spaces.

3. Ceiling height – ideally no lower than 3.6m.

4. Easy access for build-up and breakdown of poster boards.

5. Good overhead lighting (which can be mobile) to eliminate the need

for individual poster boards to be lit.

6. Plans available which clearly show fire exits and areas in which
poster boards can/cannot be located

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. This space can be the same space as used for exhibitions, in which
DECISIONS – CONSIDER case full exhibition services apply.
ELEMENT J1 PUBLIC SPACES – FACILITIES

COMMENTARY: Public spaces are as important to the viability of a meeting venue as the meeting rooms
themselves. They need to accommodate catered functions and to provide the practical needs of attendees
in terms of relaxation, information and communications.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Size of each public space relevant to the area which it serves.
PROVIDE
2. Combination of large and small areas.

3. Large enough to match the capacity of adjacent meeting rooms and

allow easy networking, and large enough for service of food and
drinks if necessary.

4. Easily adaptable for a variety of uses.

5. Minimum ceiling height of 3.6m.

6. Daylight.

7. Different style from meeting rooms so that attendees feel they are
getting a break.

8. Convenient access to kitchens for food service.

9. Clearly signed dedicated meeting points.

10. Good signage system.

11. Easy access to external areas.

12. Casual seating in a variety of configurations from small and intimate

to larger open plan.

13. Built in cloakroom facilities – large enough to cater for biggest

audience (including baggage storage on the last day of congress).

14. Restrooms with facilities to provide for a fully utilised Centre.

15. Public address system which can include all foyers or be isolated for
particular areas.

16. Information desk with direct taxi lines.

17. Room which can be used as a prayer room.

18. Taxi phone.

19. Venue reception desk (if required).

20. External box office, i.e. separated from the meeting areas. This
avoids the need for public access when the venue is closed for
private use.
KEY MANAGEMENT 1. ‘As built’ floor plans with accurate dimensions.
DECISIONS – CONSIDER
2. Public transport information and other useful local information which
is regularly updated.

3. Convenient access to storage for chairs and other furniture.

4. Coordinating the schedules of different meetings to minimise

congestion.

5. Rubbish bins and ashtrays in areas where smoking permitted.

6. Comfortable casual seating with adjacent tables.

7. Mobile bars/catering stations.

ELEMENT J2 PUBLIC SPACES – SERVICES

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Natural light where possible, elsewhere good lighting with dimmers,
PROVIDE allowing flexibility.

2. Reliable PA system to all foyers for announcements.

3. Ready access to ample toilets, public telephones, post boxes and

drinking water.

4. Rigging points in ceilings and on walls for banners and signs.

5. Easily accessible and flexible and focusable lights.

6. Separate ventilation system in areas where smoking permitted.

ELEMENT K EXHIBITION

COMMENTARY: The exhibition area of a convention becomes the networking hub. Catering is served here,
internet facilities are set up and ideally poster boards are in place immediately adjacent or within.
Sometimes registration is set up at the entrance to the exhibition.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Minimum ceiling height of 8m but preferably 10m.

PROVIDE
2. Minimum live load capacity of 50KN/m2.

3. Dividers to reduce the size of exhibition space as required.

4. Electricity, water and data connections available to every stand.

5. Direct access for deliveries which is clearly marked.

6. Minimum overall lighting of 400 lux.

7. Hard wearing floor covering in a neutral shade.

8. Neutral wall finishes.

9. Foyer for exhibitor and exhibition visitor registration.

10. Room for use as an exhibitors’ lounge which is adjacent to the

exhibition area.

11. Storage area for:

(a) exhibitors’ display materials delivered prior to the event
(b) packaging materials during the exhibition
(c) some exhibitors’ display materials ready for dispatch post
exhibition

12. Exhibition organiser’s office.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Porters during build-up and breakdown to assist exhibitors as required.
DECISIONS – CONSIDER
2. Readily available trolleys for exhibitors’ use.

3. Delivery of exhibitors’ consignments accurately recorded and able to

be readily located.

4. Providing access to organisers, e.g. swipe card valid for the duration of
the hire.
ELEMENT L SAFETY

COMMENTARY: The safety of attendees and others is a primary concern of meeting organisers and venue
owners and operators. All safety standards must be adhered to.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Non skid floors.

PROVIDE
2. Fire extinguishers, smoke detectors, sprinklers and alarms including
visual system for the deaf or hard of hearing.

3. Clearly marked safety routes, emergency lights and exit signs.

4. Materials selected for fire rating.

5. Evacuation warning information system (visual as well as audio).

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. First aid room containing:

DECISIONS – CONSIDER i. bed
ii. first aid kit
iii. oxygen bottle and mask
iv. wheelchair
v. basic medications
vi. telephone numbers of ambulance, hospital,
doctor, clearly display
vii. instructions on resuscitation clearly displayed.

2. Laminated card for organisers outlining safety/evacuation

procedures.

3. Nurse on staff or at least a designated minimum number of staff

members with St. John ambulance training and who are designated
first aid officers.

4. Advise clients of nominated fire wardens.

5. Portable exit signs for dividable rooms.

ELEMENT M SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES

COMMENTARY: Every building and the activities conducted within it have an ecological impact. Good
design minimises that impact, improves the quality of life, thermal comfort, health and safety of the building’s
occupants and has the potential to markedly reduce operating costs.

A comprehensive review of the available design and operation alternatives which go to the minimisation of
that impact is beyond this Guide. Expert assistance is available from specialist consultants. Some
suggestions are made below.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Double glazing to perimeter windows with high performance glass to
PROVIDE external pane.

2. Utilise materials with high thermal mass.

3. Provide insulation to walling and roofing.

4. Solar control shading, natural ventilation and low energy lighting.

5. Group/zone buildings and spaces with similar heating, cooling and

lighting requirements.

6. Intelligent lighting control system for all lighting.

7. Dimmable quartz halogen lamps.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Energy efficient appliances.

DECISIONS – CONSIDER
2. Energy management systems.

3. Recycling systems of occupant wastes including paper and grey

water.

4. Flow control devises on all outlet fixtures.

5. Demand flushing on toilet fixtures.

6. Non chemical water treatment methods for mechanical ventilation

systems.

7. Separate receptacles for different kinds of waste e.g. glass, paper,

plastic.
ELEMENT N SECURITY

COMMENTARY: Security for attendees is increasingly a concern for meeting organisers, as is assured
delivery of meeting and exhibition materials and equipment. This Element draws together the key references
to Security contained in other Elements of the Guide.

It is recommended that the Safety and Security Committee of the International Association of Congress
Centres (www.aipc.org) and the Healthcare Congress Alliance (IPCAA, IAPCO, HCEA) Safety and Security
at Congresses document (www.iapco.org) are consulted.

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. Security management systems including camera surveillance at

PROVIDE loading docks.

2. All parking should be secure.

3. Lock up facility at registration desk for storage of computers and

other equipment.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Manager/security guard contactable direct by phone.

DECISIONS – CONSIDER
2. Dockmaster contactable direct.

3. Security system for VIP entry and departure.

4. 24-hour access for meeting organisers through security or card-key

or other prior arrangement.

5. Evacuation plan, and plan for prevention and/or limitation of criminal

or terrorist activity (visual as well as audio).

6. Clearly advertise security charges in the initial proposal. Detail

these costs in the venue contract.
ELEMENT O VENUE MANAGEMENT

COMMENTARY: Excellent service delivery is an important consideration when a client is selecting a venue.
Not only does it mean a comprehensive knowledge amongst management and sales staff of the facilities and
how they can be adapted to each convention, it also means an anticipation of clients’ requirements and a
willingness to ensure every aspect runs smoothly.

KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Quotes provided in writing which include date availability and all hire
DECISIONS – CONSIDER costs, i.e. no hidden extras.

2. Contracts issued once the quote is accepted and dates confirmed.

3. Sales literature available which includes accurate capacity charts.

4. Accessible staff who are well-trained, polite, friendly and willing.

5. Clear policy about third parties being engaged to provide goods and
services within the venue, e.g. external audio-visual company.

6. New staff members wear a training badge and are accompanied by a

senior staff member.

7. As a courtesy ask permission from the PCO if another PCO wishes to

conduct a site visit while a conference is in progress.

8. Provide a single point of contact with the venue staff.

9. Brief venue staff that, if a PCO is involved, the PCO is the point of
contact, not the client.

10. Only promise what you know works well in your venue.

11. Suggest ideas for what works well in your venue.

ELEMENT P OTHER

KEY DESIGN CRITERIA – 1. An acoustics environment within the occupied areas of the venue
PROVIDE which complies with the country’s requirements.

2. Storage for furniture located near meeting rooms, with vinyl flooring
and vinyl to walls to a minimum level above floor of 900mm, and
lockable doors.

3. Recreation and fitness facilities within venues which include

accommodation.
KEY MANAGEMENT 1. Facilities for attendees not staying in house, modeled on airline club
DECISIONS – CONSIDER facilities including tea/coffee/biscuits, phones, storage for baggage
and work spaces.

2. Child care facilities.

 Dalian International Conference Center / Coop Himmelb(l)au

 Architects
Coop Himmelb(l)au
 Location
Dalian, China
 Design Principal
Wolf D. Prix
 Project Partner
Paul Kath (until 2010), Wolfgang Reicht
 Project Architect
Wolfgang Reicht
 Design Architect
Alexander Ott
 Design Team
Quirin Krumbholz, Eva Wolf, Victoria Coaloa
 Project Team
Nico Boyer, Liisi Salumaa, Anja Sorger, Vanessa Castro Vélez, Lei Feng, Reinhard Hacker, Jan
Brosch, Veronika Janovska, Manfred Yuen, Matthias Niemeyer, Matt Kirkham, Peter Rose, Markus
Wings, Ariane Marx, Wendy Fok, Reinhard Platzl, Debora Creel, Hui-Cheng, Jessie Chen, Simon
Diesendruck, Yue Chen, Thomas Hindelang, Pola Dietrich, Moritz Keitel, Ian Robertson, Keigo
Fukugaki, Gaspar Gonzalez Melero, Giacomo Tinari, Alice Gong
 Model Building
Nam La-Chi, Paul Hoszowski, Taylor Clayton, Matthias Bornhofer, Katsyua Arai, Zhu Juankang,
Lukas Allner, Phillip Reiner, Moritz Heinrath, Olivia Wimmer, Silja Wiener, Katrin Ertle, Maria
Zagallo, Logan Yuen, André Nakonz, Arihan Senocak, Rashmi Jois, Sachin Thorat, Marc Werner
 Area
117650.0 m2
 Project Year
2012
 Photographs
Duccio Malagamba
 Manufacturers
Hunter Douglas US
MORE SPECS

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 © Duccio
Malagamba
The building has both to reflect the promising modern future of Dalian and its tradition as an important
port, trade, industry and tourism city. The formal language of the project combines and merges the
rational structure and organization of its modern conference center typology with the floating spaces of
modernist architecture.

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 © Duccio
Malagamba
Dalian is an important seaport, industrial, trade, and tourism center, located in the southernmost part of
the Liaodong Peninsula in the Chinese Liaoning Province.
The city is currently undergoing a wave of transformation on coastal brownfield and reclaimed land
which will entirely change the city’s face within the next decade.

The key developments are:

 Dislocation of container port away from the dense city area

 Establishment of international port for cruise ships
 New development of a „CBD – Central Business District“ on reclaimed land
 Bridge over the sea to connect with the special economic zone

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Building
Structure Diagrams 01
The urban design task of the Dalian International Conference Center is to create an instantly
recognizable landmark at the terminal point of the future extension of the main city axis. As its focal
point the building will be anchored in the mental landscape of the population and the international
community.

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 © Duccio
Malagamba
The footprint of the building on the site is therefore arranged in accordance with the orientation of the
two major urban axis which merge in front of the building.

The cantilevering conference spaces that penetrate the facades create a spatially multifaceted building
volume and differentiate the close surroundings.

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 Section
The various theaters and conference spaces are covered by a cone-shaped roof screen. Through
controlled daylight input good spatial orientation for the visitors and atmospheric variety is assured.

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 © Duccio
Malagamba
The project combines the following functions within one hybrid building with synergetic effects of
functionality and spatial richness.
 Conference Center
 Theater and Opera House
 Exhibition Center
 Basement with Parking, Delivery and Disposal

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 © Duccio
Malagamba
A public zone at ground level allows for differentiating accessibility for the different groups of users.
The actual performance and conference spaces are situated at +15,30 m above the entrance hall. The
grand theater, with a capacity of 1.600 seats and a stage tower, and the directly adjacent flexible
conference hall of 2.500 seats, are positioned at the core of the building.

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© Duccio
Malagamba
With this arrangement the main stage can be used for the classical theater auditorium as well as for the
flexible multipurpose hall. The main auditorium is additionally equipped with backstage areas like in
traditional theaters and opera houses. This scheme is appropriate to broaden the range of options for the
use of this space: from convention, musical, theater even up to classical opera, with very little
additional investment.

The smaller conference spaces are arranged like pearls around this core, providing very short
connections between the different areas, thus saving time while changing between the different units.
Most conference rooms and the circulation areas have direct daylight from above.
Save this picture!

© Duccio
Malagamba
Through this open and fluid arrangement the theater and conference spaces on the main level establish a
kind of urban structure with “squares” and “street spaces”. These identifiable “addresses” facilitate user
orientation within the building. Thus the informal meeting places, as well as chill-out and catering
zones, and in between the halls, gardens with view connection to outside are provided as required for
modern conference utilization.

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 Level 00 Plan
The access to the basement parking garage, truck delivery and waste disposal is located at the
southwest side of the site, thus freeing the front driveway to the entrances from transit traffic. The main
entrance from the sea side corresponds to the future developments, including the connection to the
future cruise terminal.

Technical, Climatic and Environmental Concept

The focus of the architectural design and project development lies on technology, construction and their
interplay. The technical systems fulfil the tasks required for the spatial use of the building
automatically, invisibly and silently.

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 Climate Design
Diagram 02
With the Dalian International Dalian Conference Center, these systems work like a hybrid city within a
building. For the technical infrastructure of the building this means, that we have to consider a huge
amount of people circulating inside the building at the same time, who expect high standards in
circulation and comfort as well as a state of the art building with respect to high flexibility, low energy
consumption and low use of natural resources.
Technical areas in the basement supply infrastructure within a rectangular grid, mainly inside the
vertical cores. In particularly the conference zone has to be provided with a sufficient amount of air in
order to maintain a high level of thermal and acoustical comfort. Therefore the conditioned air will be
silently injected into the rooms via an inflated double flooring underneath the seating. Air blowout units
inside the stairs will ensure consistent air distribution. Due to the thermal uplift, the heat of the people
ascends to the ceiling and is extracted by suction.

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 © Duccio
Malagamba
One of the major tasks of sustainable architecture is the minimisation of energy consumption. A
fundamental contribution is to avoid considerable fluctuations in demands during the course of the day.
Therefore it is essential to integrate the natural resources of the environment like:

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 Climate Design
Diagram
 Use the thermal energy of seawater with heat pumps for cooling in summer and heating in winter
 General use of low temperature systems for heating in combination with activation of the concrete core as
thermal mass in order to keep the building on constant temperature
 Natural ventilation of the huge air volumes within the building allows for minimization of the mechanical
apparatus for ventilation heating and cooling. The atrium is conceived as a solar heated, naturally ventilated
sub climatic area.
 In the large volume individual areas can be treated separately by additional measures such as displacement
ventilation
 A high degree of daylight use is aspired both for its positive psychological effect and for minimizing the
power consumption for artificial lighting
 Energy production with solar energy panels integrated into the shape of the building.
Structural Concept
The structural concept is based on a sandwich structure composed of 2 elements: the “table” and the
roof.

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 Roof Structure
Axon
Both elements are steel space frames with depths ranging between 5 and 8 meters.

The whole structure is elevated 7 meters above ground level and is supported by 14 vertical composite
steel and concrete cores.

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A doubly ruled façade structure connects the two layers of table and roof, creating a load-bearing shell
structure.

The application of new design and simulation techniques, the knowledge of local shipbuilders to bend
massive steel plates, and the consumption of more than 40,000 tons of steel enables breathtaking spans
of over 85 meters and cantilevering of over 40 meters.
Qatar National Convention Centre / Arata Iso

Qatar National Convention Centre – Doha, Qatar

From the architect. Officially opened on 4 December 2011, the

Qatar National Convention Centre (QNCC) is one of the most
sophisticated convention and exhibition centres built to date,
boasting iconic design bearing the ‘Sidra Tree’.

Designed by the renowned Japanese architect Arata Isozaki.,

the spectacular façade resembles two intertwined trees
reaching up to support the exterior canopy. The tree is a poets
and scholars who gathered beneath its branches to.
Qatar National Convention Centrer
QNCC was conceived with a focus on sustainability. The Centre was successfully built according to U.S. Green
Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environment Design (LEED) gold certification standards. The building
is designed to operate efficiently with innovations such as water conservation and energy-efficient fixtures.

Qatar National Convention Centre

A member of the Qatar Foundation, QNCC features a

conference hall of 4,000-seat theatre style, a 2,300-seat
theatre, three auditoria and a total of 52 flexible meetings
rooms to accommodate a wide range of events. It also
houses 40,000 square metres of exhibition space over nine
halls, and is adaptable to seat 10,000 for a conference or
banquet. The

Qatar National Convention Centre

Centre’s stunning architecture and cutting edge facilities are ideal for hosting local,
regional and international conventions and exhibitions, gala events, theatrical productions and
banquet functions.

Qatar National Convention Centre

Access to QNCC - Traffic Flow Site Map

Qatar National Convention Centre _ Traffic Flow Site Map

Ground level map

Qatar National Convention Centre _ Ground level map

Level 1 map

Qatar National Convention Centre _ level 1

map
Level 2 map

Qatar National Convention Centre _ level 2 map

Capacity Chart
Capacity Chart . PDF : http://www.qatarconvention.com/app/media/1203
Reference

 Planning a Conference Centre – February 2008 _ www.IAPCO.org

 29 CFR 1910.1450: OSHA—Occupational Exposures to Hazardous
Chemicals in Laboratories
 ISEA Z358.1—Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment
 ANSI/AIHA—American National Standard Z9.5 for Laboratory Ventilation
 Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory
Animal Care (AAALAC) standards

 Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention and National Institutes of Health—Biosafety in Microbiological and
Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) 5th Edition. December 2009.
 Department of Veterans Affairs Research Laboratory Design Guide
 Facilities Standards for the Public Buildings Service, P100 by the General
Services Administration (GSA).
 National Institutes of Health—NIH Design Policy and Guidelines
 National Institutes of Health (NIH)—Guidelines for the Laboratory Use of
Chemical Carcinogens, Pub. No. 81-2385
 NFPA 30—Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
 NFPA 45—Fire Protection for Laboratories using Chemical
 Tri-Services Unified Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS)—UFGS, organized by
MasterFormat™ divisions, are for use in specifying construction for the military services. Several UFGS
exist for safety-related topics.

Publications

 Building Type Basics for Research Laboratories, 2nd Edition by Daniel Watch.
New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. ISBN# 978-0-470-16333-7.
 CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety, 4th ed. by A. K. Furr. Boca Raton, FL:
CRC Press, 1995.
 Design and Planning of Research and Clinical Laboratory Facilities by
Leonard Mayer. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1995.
 Design for Research: Principals of Laboratory Architecture by Susan
Braybrooke. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1993.
 Guidelines for Laboratory Design: Health and Safety Considerations, 4th Edition by Louis
J. DiBerardinis, et al. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013.
 Guidelines for Planning and Design of Biomedical Research Laboratory
Facilities by The American Institute of Architects, Center for Advanced
Technology Facilities Design. Washington, DC: The American Institute of
Architects, 1999.
 Handbook of Facilities Planning, Vol. 1: Laboratory Facilities by T. Ruys. New
York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990.
 Laboratories, A Briefing and Design Guide by Walter Hain. London, UK: E &
FN Spon, 1995.
 Laboratory by Earl Walls Associates, May 2000.
 Laboratory Design from the Editors of R&D Magazine.
 Laboratory Design, Construction, and Renovation: Participants, Process, and
Product by National Research Council, Committee on Design, Construction, and
Renovation of Laboratory Facilities. Washington, DC: National Academy Press,
2000.
 Planning Academic Research Facilities: A Guidebook by National Science
Foundation. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation, 1992.
 Research and Development in Industry: 1995-96 by National Science
Foundation, Division of Science Resources Studies. Arlington, VA: National
Science Foundation, 1998.
  Science and Engineering Research Facilities at Colleges and Universities
by National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Studies.
Arlington, VA, 1998.
 Laboratories for the 21st Century (Labs21)—Sponsored by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy, Labs21
is a voluntary program dedicated to improving the environmental performance
of U.S. laboratories.

Government Agencies and Initiatives

 Department of Energy (DOE)

 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Energy Star Program
 Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP)—Information on Energy Technologies
 National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
 National Energy Information Center, Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Forrestal Building, Room 1F-048, Washington, DC 20585, Phone: (202) 586-
8800
 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD
0899-0001, Phone: (301) 975-3058
 Office of Scientific and Technical Information, P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge,
Tennessee 37831, Phone: (615) 576-8401
 U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161.
NOTE: This is a repository for all publications by the federal labs and
contractors.
 U.S. EPA Atmospheric Pollution, Prevention Division, 401 M Street SW,
(6202J) Washington, DC 20460, Phone: (202) 564-9190, Toll Free: (888)
STAR-YES, TDD: (888) 588-9920, Fax: (202) 264-9569

National Laboratories and Research Centers

 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories (LBNL) Building 90, Room 4000, 1

Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720
 National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 1617 Cole Boulevard, Building
15, Phone: (303) 275-4363
 Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge,
TN 37830, Phone: (423) 576-2900, Fax: (423) 574-4444
 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999, Richland,
Washington 99352, Phone: (509) 375-2121, Fax: (509) 372-4791

Professional and Trade Associations, and Interest Groups

 Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI), 4100 North Fairfax,

Arlington, VA, Phone: (703) 524-8800, Fax: (703) 528-3816
  American Boiler Manufacturers Association (ABMA), 4001 North 9th Street,
Suite 226, Arlington, VA 22203-1900, Phone: (703) 522-7350, Fax: (703) 522-
2665
 ASHRAE, 1791 Tullie Circle, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329-2305, Phone: (404) 636-8400, Fax:
(404) 321-5478
 Association of Energy Engineers (AEE), Dept. 192, P.O. Box 1026, Lilburn,
GA 30226, Phone: (404) 925-9558, Fax: (404) 381-9865
 Cooling Technology Institute, 2611 FM 1960 West, Suite H-200, Houston,
TX 77068- 3730, Phone: (281) 583-4087, Fax: (281) 537-1721
 Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), 3412 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304
 Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium, Inc., 6700 Alexander Bell Drive,
Suite 120, Columbia, MD 21046, Phone: (410) 953-7150, Fax: (410)
953-7151
 Geothermal Resources Council (GRC), P.O. Box 1350 - 2001 Second Street,
Suite 5, Davis, CA 95617-1350, Phone: (530) 758-2360, Fax: (530) 758-2839
 International Ground Source Heat Pump Association (IGSHPA)
 International Energy Agency (IEA) Heat Pump Centre, SP Energy
Technology, Industrigatan 4, Box 857 SE-501 15 Borås, Sweden, Phone:
+46 33 16 5519 (contact: Monica Axell), Fax: +46 33 13 1979
 Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association (SMACNA),
P.O. Box 221230, Chantilly, VA 20153-1230, Phone: (703) 803-2980, Fax: (703)
803-3732

Trade Publications

 Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration News, P.O. Box 3210, Northbrook,

IL 60065- 3210, Phone: (800) 837-8337, Fax: (248) 362-0317
 American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE) Journal
 Consulting-Specifying Engineer, 1350 E. Touhy Ave, Des Plaines IL 60018
 Energy User News, 1 Chilton Way, Radnor, PA 19089, Phone: (610) 964-4161,
Fax: (610) 964-4647
 Engineered Systems Magazine, P.O. Box 4270, Troy, MI 48099-4270, Phone:
(248) 362- 3700, Fax: (248) 362-0317
 HPAC Interactive (Heating/Piping/Air-Conditioning Magazine), 1100
Superior Ave., Cleveland, OH 44114, Phone: (216) 696-7000, Fax: (216)
696-3432

Books

 Building Technology: Mechanical and Electrical Systems, 2nd Edition by Stein,

Benjamin. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997.
 Energy-Efficient Design and Construction for Commercial Buildings by
Steven Winter Associates, Inc. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997. ISBN 0-07-
071159-3.
 Energy-Efficient Operation of Commercial Buildings: Redefining the Energy
Manager's Job by Herzog, Peter. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997. ISBN 0-07-
028468-7.