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Internal

WN000001 WCDMA
Fundamental（RAN）

ISSUE 1.0 www.huawei.com

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Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

[ Know the development of WCDMA system
[ Know the fundamental of CDMA technology
[ Know the architecture of WCDMA system
and the air interface
[ Know the types and functions of wireless
channels in WCDMA system
[ Know the main signaling procedure in
WCDMA system
[ Know the WCDMA system coding method

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Chapter 1 3G Summary
Chapter 2 CDMA Fundamental
Chapter 3 WCDMA System Architecture
Chapter 4 WCDMA Air Interface
Chapter 5 WCDMA Signaling Procedure
Chapter 6 WCDMA System Coding Method

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Different Service, Different Technology

1G 1980s 2G 1990s 3G
Analog Digital IMT-2000

AMPS GSM
GSM
UMTS
UMTS
CDMA
CDMA WCDMA
WCDMA
TACS Technologies IS-95
IS-95 Demands
drive drive CDMA
CDMA
NMT TDMA
TDMA 2000
2000
IS-136
IS-136
TD-
TD-
Others
PDC
PDC SCDMA
SCDMA

3G provides compositive services for both operators and subscribers

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3G Evolution

l Proposal of 3G

[ IMT-2000 is the general name of third generation mobile

communication system

[ The third generation mobile communication was first

proposed in 1985，and was renamed as IMT-2000 in the
year of 1996

− Commercialization: around the year of 2000

− Work band : around 2000MHz

− The highest service rate :up to 2000Kbps

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3G Spectrum Allocation
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250
2010 MHz

ITU IMT 2000 MSS

IMT 2000 MSS

1885 MHz 2025 MHz 2110 MHz 2170 MHz

Europe GSM 1800 DECT UMTS MSS UMTS MSS

1805 MHz 1880 MHz 1980 MHz

cellular(1) cellular(2) cellular(2) 2025MHz

GSM FDD TDD FDD

China 1800
CDMA
WLL WLL
CDMA
WLL
1960
1920

1945

1980
1865

1885

1895

1918

2170 MHz

Japan C PHS IMT A2000 MSS

B IMT A’2000 MSS
1965
1865
1870

1885
1890
1895

1930

1945

1970
1975
1910

1990 MHz 2165 MHz

PCS
USA A D B EF C A D B EF C MSS Broadcast auxiliary Reserve MSS

1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

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Bands

l Main bands：

[ 1920－1980MHz／2110－2170MHz

[ WCDMA frequency formula ：

frequency channel number＝central frequency×5

− UL frequency channel number ：9612～9888

− DL frequency channel number : 10562～10838

l Supplementary bands：

[ 1755－1785MHz／1850－1880MHz

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3G Driving Force

l Increased capacity requirements：some systems such as D-

AMPS，GSM，PDC，PHS are approaching saturation

l Developing rate of mobile communication: one decade one

generation

l Demands of high speed data service and multimedia service in

radio network

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3G Application Service－Conversational

Voice service and video telephone

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3G Application－Streaming

VOD Mobile TV Traffic monitoring

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3G Application－Interactive

Online game Web browsing LCS

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3G Application－Background

Data download Picture and tone Email transceiving

download

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Chapter 1 3G Summary
Chapter 2 CDMA Fundamental
Chapter 3 WCDMA System Architecture
Chapter 4 WCDMA Air Interface
Chapter 5 WCDMA Signaling Procedure
Chapter 6 WCDMA System Coding Method

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Multi-path Environment

Transmitted
signal

Received
signal

Time

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Fading

Received Power(dBm)

-20 Fast fading

Slow fading

-40

-60

Distance(m)
10 20 30

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Frequency Selection of Fading

P(f) P(f)

Fading
Narrowband
Narrowband
System
System
f f
Transmit Signal Received Signal

P(f) P(f)

Fading

Broadband
Broadband
System
System f f
Transmit Signal Received Signal

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Multiple Access Technology and Duplex Technology

l Multiple access technology

[ Time division multiple access (TDMA)

[ Frequency division multiple access (FDMA)
[ Code division multiple access (CDMA)

l Duplex technology

[ Time division duplex (TDD)

[ Frequency division duplex (FDD)

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What is CDMA?
FDMA TDMA

power

power
y
e nc
ti m qu
e fre
tim cy
en
e qu
CDMA fre

power

time ncy
freque

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Correlation
l Correlation is a measure of similarity of between any two arbitrary signals.

l EXAMPLE:

+1
0 -1 1 -1 1
-1 -1 1 -1 1
+1 1 1 1 1
0
1 correlation
-1
Identical signals

+1
0 -1 1 -1 1
-1 11 11
-1 1 -1 1
+1 Zero correlation
0 Orthogonal signals
-1

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Spreading

l Users ：UE1、UE2、UE3

l UE1 spreading ：UE1×c1

l UE2 spreading ：UE2×c2

l UE3 spreading ：UE3×c3

[ c1、c2、c3 are orthogonal with each other

[ Transmitting signal ：

UE1×c1＋ UE2×c2＋ UE3×c3

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Despreading

l UE1 uses c1 to despread

[ (UE1×c1＋ UE2×c2＋UE3×c3)×c1

＝UE1×(c1×c1)＋UE2×(c2×c1)＋UE3×(c3×c1)

＝UE1×1＋UE2×0＋UE3×0

＝UE1

l UE2 uses c2 to despread, UE3 uses c3 to despread，

in this way, they can get their own signal

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Features of CDMA

l Advantages

[ High spectrum efficiency

[ Security
− spreaded signal is close to noise
− with ability of anti-interference
[ Soft capacity
l Disadvantages

[ More band occupancy

[ Self-interference system
[ Hard to carry out

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Chapter 1 3G Summary
Chapter 2 CDMA Fundamental
Chapter 3 WCDMA System Architecture
Chapter 4 WCDMA Air Interface
Chapter 5 WCDMA Signaling Procedure
Chapter 6 WCDMA System Coding Method

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Chapter 3 WCDMA System Architecture

3.1 WCDMA Release Evolution

3.2 WCDMA RAN Interface Protocol

3.3 ATM Fundamental

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WCDMA Release Evolution

l Include all the services l Include all the services and
and functions of R99 functions of R4
l CS domain changes: l IMS domain is adopted
control is separated from l Enhanced IP QoS ability,
bearer, the function of supporting end to end IP multimedia
MSC can be fulfilled by service
l Include all the services MSC SERVER and MGW
and functions of 2G l Packet voice supported
( GSM and GPRS ) by CS domain, supporting R5
l CN is made up of CS ATM, IP, TDM
domain and PS domain
l Iu interface between RAN R4
and CN is based on ATM

R99

Specification
2000 2001 2002 finished time
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WCDMA R99 Network Architecture

PSTN
ISDN
MSC/VLR GMSC
GSM /GPRS BSS

BSC
BTS HLR/AUC

PCU
SS7 SCE
RNC SMS
NodeB SCP
GPRS backbone/
Internet,
Intranet
UTRAN SGSN GGSN
CG
BG

Other PLMN

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WCDMA R4 Network Architecture

IP/ATM Backbone
MGW MGW PSTN
ISDN
GSM /GPRS BSS VMSC Server GMSC Server

BSC
BTS HLR/AUC

PCU SCE
SS7
RNC SMS
NodeB SCP
GPRS backbone Internet,
Intranet
SGSN
UTRAN GGSN

CG BG

Other PLMN

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WCDMA R5 Network Architecture

CS domain IP/ATM Backbone

MGW MGW PSTN/PLMN

GSM /GPRS BSS
VMSC Server GMSC Server
BSC
BTS HLR/AUC/HSS
Iu-CS
SCE
PCU SS7

RNC SMS
SCP
NodeB Iu-PS Internet,
GPRS Intranet
backbone
UTRAN SGSN
GGSN
PS MGW
MGCF
domain CG BG
IP backbone
S-CSCF
P-CSCF
MRFC
MRFP
IMS domain

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Chapter 3 WCDMA System Architecture

3.1 WCDMA Release Evolution

3.2 WCDMA RAN Interface Protocol

3.3 ATM Fundamental

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WCDMA RAN Architecture

Core Network

Iu Iu

RNS RNS
Iur
RNC RNC

Iub Iub Iub Iub

Node B Node B Node B Node B

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Uu Air Interface Protocol

GC Nt DC

Duplication avoidance
GC Nt DC
UuS boundary
C-plane signaling U-plane information

control RRC control L3

control
control

control

Radio
Bearers

PDCPPDCP L2/PDCP

BMC L2/BMC

RLC RLC L2/RLC

RLC RLC RLC
RLC RLC RLC
Logical
Channels

MAC L2/MAC
Transport
Channels
PHY L1

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Iu-CS Interface Protocol

Radio
Control plane User plane
network
layer
RANAP Iu UP

Transport network
Transport control plane
network Transport network Transport network
layer user plane ALCAP user plane

A
SCCP B
A B C
MTP3-B MTP3-B

SAAL NNI SAAL NNI AAL2 PATH

ATM
Physical layer

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Iu-PS Interface Protocol

Radio Control plane User plane
network
layer RANAP Iu UP

Transport Transport network Transport network Transport network

network user plane control plane user plane
layer

A B GTP-U
SCCP
A C UDP
MTP3-B
IP
SAAL NNI
AAL Type 5

ATM ATM
Physical layer Physical layer

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Iur Interface Protocol

Radio Control plane User plane
network
layer
RNSAP Iur data stream

Transport network
Transport Transport network Transport network
control plane
network user plane user plane
layer ALCAP

A
SCCP B
A B C
MTP3-B MTP3-B

SAAL UNI SAAL UNI AAL2 PATH

ATM
Physical layer

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Iub Interface Protocol

Radio Control plane User plane

RACH FP
network

PCH FP
DCH FP
layer

FACH
NBAP

FP
NCP CCP CCP
Transport Transport network Transport network Transport network
network user plane control plane user plane
layer
ALCAP

A B C

SAAL UNI SAAL UNI

AAL2 PATH

ATM
Physical layer

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Chapter 3 WCDMA System Architecture

3.1 WCDMA Release Evolution

3.2 WCDMA RAN Interface Protocol

3.3 ATM Fundamental

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Traditional Switching

l Circuit Switching

[ Connection-oriented with low time delay, suitable for voice

service

[ Adopt fixed timeslot allocation, only support single rate

[ Bandwidth is greatly wasted when used for data transfer

l Packet Switching

[ Support multi-rate switching

[ Unstable time delay, not suitable for real-time service

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ATM Definition

l ATM：Asynchronous Transfer Mode

[ A kind of fast packet switching technology, combining with

the advantages of circuit switching and packet switching

[ Suitable for all kinds of services（voice, data, image, etc.）

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ATM Network Model

UNI NNI NNI
NNI

UNI
NNI
PNNI

PNNI
ICI Other
network
UNI NNI services

NNI
NNI：Network to Network Interface
UNI：User to Network Interface
ICI： Inter-Carrier Interface
NNI
PNNI: Private Network-Node Interface

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ATM Protocol Model

User information transfer,
Call connect and
float control and error
control
recovery

Facet management
Layer management
Control plane User plane
Manage resources
User data and and parameters of
High High each protocol entity
signaling layer layer in every layer
ATM ATM
exchange between high-
adaptation adaptation
layer information and ATM
layer (SAAL) layer (AAL)
cell
Cell exchange and Dispose adjustment
multiplex/demultiplex ATM layer of each layer, no
sub-layer structure
Frame structure,
Physical layer
physical media

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Functions of each layer

l Adaptation layer
Adaptation [ Implement required services of high layer
layer
[ Intertransfer between high layer protocol
data and ATM cell
l ATM layer

ATM layer [ Cell transfer

[ Guarantee Qos
l Physical layer

[ Cell delimiting, transmission frame

Physical layer generation /recovery /adaptation
[ Line coding, bit timing

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ATM Cell Format

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1 GFC VPI 1 VPI
2 VPI 2
3 VCI 3 VCI
4 PTI CLP 4 PTI CLP
5 HEC 5 HEC
6 6
PAYLOAD PAYLOAD
53 53

UNI cell format NNI cell format

GFC：General Flow Control VPI ：Virtual Path Identifier

VCI ：Virtual Channel Identifier PTI ：Payload Type Indicator
CLP：Cell Loss Priority HEC：Header Error Control

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ATM Cell Switch Procedure

ATM network equipment
User B ATM terminal equipment
Intertransfer
UNI ATM switch
between ATM Port 1
cell and user VPI=2
data VCI=37
Port VPI VCI
Port 2 1 2 37
2 1 51

NNI VPI=1 VCI=51

ATM network equipment

ATM switch
Port 1

User A ATM terminal equipment

Port VPI VCI
Intertransfer UNI
Port 2 1 1 51
between ATM
cell and user VPI=3 2 3 39
VCI=39
data

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ATM Switching Classification

ATM switching can be taken as a kind of packet switching

l ATM switching includes VP switching and VC switching

l VPI and VCI are concepts which exist only between two
physical nodes

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VC Switching and VP Switching

ATM switching route table
Input Output
Entry Physical Physical
VPI ,VC I VPI ,VC I
Number bearer bearer

1 1 VPI 1,VCI 2 4 VPI 2,VCI 4

2 1 VPI 1,VCI 1 3 VPI 3,VCI 3

3 1 VPI 4,XXX 3 VPI 5,XXX

VC switching

VCI 1 VCI 2 VCI 3 VCI 4

VPI 1 VPI 3 VPI 2 Physical Bearer 4

VPI 2 VCI 4
Physical Bearer 1

VCI 1 VCI 3
VPI 1 VPI 3
VCI 2

VCI 1 VCI 1
VPI 4 VPI 5
VCI 2 VCI 2
Physical Bearer 3
VP switching

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AAL Adaptation Classification

Service type A type B type C type D

Bit rate fixed variable variable variable

Connection Connection- Connection- Connection-

oriented oriented oriented Connectionless

Adaptation AAL1 AAL2 AAL3/4 AAL5

l Different AALs are used to bear different kinds of services

l In WCDMA system, AAL2 bearer and AAL5 bearer are mainly adopted

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AAL Adaptation Procedure

CES NCP or CCP or ALCAP or IPoA
AAL2 PA TH

CBR VBR-RT VBR-NRT

Iub data
segmentation packing

AAL1 AAL2 AAL5

IMA/UNI/STM-1
ATM Cell
VCI-101 VP I-10

VPI-10
VCI-100
VCI-100
E1/T1/SDH(STM-1)

VCI-101
VP I-20

AAL Layer ATM Layer Physical Layer

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Chapter 1 3G Summary
Chapter 2 CDMA Fundamental
Chapter 3 WCDMA System Architecture
Chapter 4 WCDMA Air Interface
Chapter 5 WCDMA Signaling Procedure
Chapter 6 WCDMA System Coding Method

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Chapter 4 WCDMA Air Interface

4.1 Key Technologies

4.2 Radio Channels

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WCDMA Communication Model

Channel
Source coding &
Interleaving spreading Scrambling Modulation Transmitting
coding interleaving

Radio channel

Deinterleaving
Source deinterleaving Despreading Descrambling Demodulation Receiving
&channel
decoding
decoding

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Terms

l Bit, Symbol, Chip

[ Bit : data after source coding

[ Symbol: data after channel coding and interleaving

[ Chip: data after spreading

− WCDMA chip rate: 3.84Mcps

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WCDMA Source Coding

l AMR (Adaptive Multi-Rate) voice coding

[ Multi-rate:

− 8 coding rates

− benefit multi-mode terminal design

[ Adaptation: when cell load increases, the system will

decrease speech rate of part of subscribers automatically
so as to support more subscribers

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WCDMA Channel Coding

l Purpose:

[ enhance the correlation among symbols so as to recover

the signal when interfered

l types

[ Speech service: convolution code（1/2, 1/3）

[ Data service: Turbo code

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Spreading code: OVSF（Walsh）

l OVSF: Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor, generated by
Walsh matrix
Cch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)
Cch,2,0 = (1,1)
Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)

Cch,1,0 = (1)
Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)

Cch,2,1 = (1,-1)
Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)

SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4

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Purpose of OVSF

l For uplink, OVSF is used to separate different services of one

connection

l For downlink, OVSF is used to separate different connections

Typical service Data rate Downlink SF Uplink SF

AMR 12.2+3.4 128 64

Modem28.8k 28.8+3.4 64 32

12.2kAMR & 64k packet data 12.2+64+3.4 32 16

12.2kAMR & 144k packet data 12.2+144+3.4 16 8

12.2kAMR & 384k packet data 12.2+384+3.4 8 4

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Scrambling code: GOLD sequence

l For uplink, scrambling code is used to separate different connection

[ Uplink: 224 long scrambles and 224 short scrambles

l For downlink, scrambling code is used to separate different cell

[ Downlink: 262143 (2 18－1) scrambles, but only 8192

scrambles( from 0 to 8191) are adopted at present

l The length of scrambling code is 38400 chips

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PSC and SSC PSC 0

SSC 1

…
Set 0
SSC 15
DL Set 1
scramble …
PSC
511×16
Set 511
SSC
511×16＋1
… 1 PSC and 15 SSCs
in each set
8192 scrambles 512 sets SSC
511×16＋15

Only primary scrambles are adopted at present

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WCDMA Modulation

l Functions of modulation

[ Different modulation methods corresponding to different

transmitting abilities in air interface

− R99/R4: adopt QPSK，DL max data rate is 2.7Mbps

− HSDPA: adopt 16QAM，DL max data rate is 14.4Mbps

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WCDMA Transmit and Receive Technology

l Diversity technology－overcome signal fading

[ Space diversity: the horizontal distance of two diversity

antennas is greater than 10 wavelength

[ Polarization diversity: the polarization direction of two

receiving antennas is orthogonal

l Transmitting diversity: provide diversities for terminals

l Receiving diversity: RAKE receiver

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Spectrum Analysis of Spreading & Despreading

P(f) Spreading code

P(f)

f f
P(f)
Narrowband signal Broadband signal

f
Noise

Recovered signal Noise+Broadband signal

Signal
P(f) Combination P(f)

f Spreading code f

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RAKE Receiver

1st path

2nd path Signal composer Composed signal

Front receiver

3rd path

Compute time-
delay evaluator delay and phase
deflexion

s(t) s(t)

t t

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Near-far effect in CDMA

Received
power from
user A
A B
Received P(ω) P(ω) P(ω)
power from
user B

ω ω ω
Transmission
Received power Transmission power of user B
by NodeB power of user A P(ω)
P(ω)

ω
Despreading ω The user B is submerged
The user A can communicate because of strong interference
successfully from user A
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WCDMA Fast Power Control

Without power control With power control

l The rate of power control can be up to1500 times per second, which is
faster than that of fading, thus, it can overcome shadow fading and fast
fading effectively
l Decrease interference of system, and increase system capacity and
quality
l Save power, and expand conversational time

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Classification of Handover

Hard handover

•Intra-frequency
hard handover

•Inter-frequency
hard handover Soft handover
•Inter-system
Soft handover
handover
Softer handover

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WCDMA Handover－Soft handover

Data UE
received/ N o “GAP” of communication
sent

Source BS Target BS
UE move time
l Features

[ Peculiar in CDMA system, only happens among cells with the same frequency
[ Establish a radio link with target cell first, and then disconnect that with source
cell, thus, it can avoid communication gap
[ Soft handover occupies more system resource than hard handover
l If two cells which are performing soft handover belong to the same NodeB,
maximum ratio combining can be performed in uplink, it is called softer handover

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Softer Handover

l When the two cells in soft handover belong to the

same NodeB, the handover is softer handover.
l Softer handover has higher priority in handover
schemes because it has larger gain than soft
handover.

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WCDMA Handover－Hard Handover

Data UE
received/ “GAP” of communication
sent

Source BS Target BS
UE move time

l Features

[ Disconnect the link of source cell first, and then establish a

new link with target cell
[ “GAP” of communication
[ Non-CDMA system can only perform hard handover

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Application of Hard Handover in 3G

l Intra-frequency hard handover

[ When inter-RNC SHO can’t be executed or is not

allowed.

l Inter-frequency hard handover

[ Needed in certain areas due to network planning

[ Load balance between frequencies

l Inter-system handover

[ 2G-3G smooth evolution

[ The finite coverage range of initial phase of 3G

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Chapter 4 WCDMA Air Interface

4.1 Key Technologies

4.2 Radio Channels

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Channel Classification

l According to protocol structure, WCDMA channels can be classified as:

[ Logical channel: directly bear user data

− Control channel

− Traffic channel

[ Transport channel: services Physical layer provides for MAC layer

− Dedicated channel

− Common channel

[ Physical channel: the final embodiment of all kinds of information

transferred in air interface

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Classification of Logical Channel

BroadcastControlChannel（BCCH）
PagingControlChannel （PCCH）
Control Channel（CCH）
DedicatedControlChannel（DCCH）
CommonControlChannel （CCCH）

DedicatedTrafficChannel （DTCH）
Traffic Channel（TCH）
CommonTrafficChannel （CTCH）

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Classification of Transport Channel

Dedicated Channel DCH

• DCH includes uplink and downlink Dedicated transport

channel

Broadcast Channel BCH

Forward Access Channel FACH
Common transport
Paging Channel PCH
channel
Random Access Channel RACH

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Classification of Physical Channel

l Physical channel includes uplink and downlink
l Physical channel are defined by a specific carrier frequency ,
code( channellization code or scrambling code), phase, etc
l Radio frame & slot

Data Data

Tslot = 2560 chips

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14

T = 10 ms, 38400chips

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Functions of Physical Channel

Cell broadcast channels
P-CPICH – Primary Common Pilot Channel
S-CPICH – Secondary Common Pilot Channel

P-CCPCH- Primary Common Control Physical Channel

SCH – Synchronous Channel

Paging channel
S-CCPCH – Primary Common Control Physical Channel
PICH – Paging Indicator Channel

Random access channel

Node B PRACH – Physical Random Access Channel UE

AICH – Acquisition Indicator Channel

Dedicated channel
DPDCH – Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DPCCH – Dedicated Physical Control Channel

High speed downlink shared channel

HS-SCCH – High Speed Shared Control Channel
HS-PDSCH －High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel
HS-DPCCH – High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel

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Functions of Common Physical Channel

l SCH: used for cell search
[ Consists of P-SCH and S-SCH
l CPICH: used for scrambling code identification
[ Consists of P-CPICH and S-CPICH
− P-CPICH:
▪ channellization code is Cch,256,0(fixed)
▪ power-benchmark of other downlink physical channels
− S-CPICH: mainly used in smart antenna
l P-CCPCH: used to bear system information
[ Channellization code is Cch,256,1(fixed)
l The channels above must be configured and each of them can
only be configured one in every cell

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Functions of Common Physical Channel

l S-CCPCH: used to carry the FACH and PCH

l PICH:

[ used to carry the paging indicators ,

[ always associated with a S-CCPCH

l PRACH: used to carry the RACH

[ 15 access slots per two frames and they are spaced 5120 chips
apart

l AICH: used to carry the acquisition indicators

[ always associated with a PRACH

l The channels above must be configured in each cell

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Functions of Dedicated Physical Channel

l Uplink

[ DPDCH: used to carry the DCH transport channel

[ DPCCH: used to carry control information generated at Layer 1
[ I/Q code multiplexed within each radio frame
l Downlink

[ within one downlink DPCH, dedicated data generated at Layer 2

and above
[ can be seen as a time multiplex of a downlink DPDCH and a
downlink DPCCH
l Multicode transmission may be employed in the downlink

[ for example, the CCTrCH is mapped onto several parallel

downlink DPCHs using the same spreading factor

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Functions of HSDPA Physical Channel

l HS-PDSCH: bear traffic data, the maximum data rate of one

channel is 960Kbps

l HS-SCCH: bear signaling of HS-PDSCH

l HS-DPCCH: signaling transfer and power control

l HSDPA maximum data rate: 960Kbps×15＝14.4Mbps

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Chapter 1 3G Summary
Chapter 2 CDMA Fundamental
Chapter 3 WCDMA System Architecture
Chapter 4 WCDMA Air Interface
Chapter 5 WCDMA Signaling Procedure
Chapter 6 WCDMA System Coding Method

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Terms: RAB、RB、RL

l RAB：Radio Access Bearer

l RB：Radio Bearer

l RL：Radio Link

RAB

RB CN
UE RNC
RL
NodeB

UTRAN

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Calling Procedure
Step 1
Network starts UE is turned on Step 3
Step 2
1.Initiate equipment 1.Cell selection Establish RRC connection
UE is called
2.System broadcasting 2.Location registration
3.Waiting for calling

Step 6 Step 6
Soft handover/ RAB/RB reconfig
hard handover

Step 5 Step 4
Step 6 Step 6 Establish Iu interface
Physical channel Transport channel RAB is established
signaling connection
reconfiguration reconfiguration

Step 8
Step 6 Step 6 Step 7 Waiting again
URA update Cell update Release RRC connection 1.Cell selection
2.Waiting for calling

Step 6
Switch with GSM

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Cell Setup Procedure

NodeB RNC

NBAP_AUDIT_REQ

NBAP_AUDIT_RSP

NBAP_CELL_SETUP_REQ

NBAP_CELL_SETUP_RSP

NBAP_COMM_TRANSP_CH_SETUP_REQ

NBAP_COMM_TRANSP_CH_SETUP_RSP

NBAP_SYS_INFO_UPDATE_REQ

NBAP_SYS_INFO_UPDATE_RSP

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Calling Procedure

l WCDMA calling procedure mainly contains:

[ RRC connection establishment

[ Iu interface signaling connection establishment

[ Authentication （optional）

[ Security mode（optional）

[ RAB establishment

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RRC Connection Establishment (on DCH)

UE Node
B RNC
1.RRC Connect Setup Req
RRC R
RC
2.RL Setup Req
NBAP NBA
P
3.RL Setup Rsp
NBAP NBA
P
4.AAL2 Setup Req
ALCAP ALC
AP
5.AAL2 Setup Rsp
ALCAP ALC
AP
6.DL Sync
FP F
P
7.UL Sync
FP FP
8.RRC Connect Setup
RRC R
RC
9.RRC Connect Setup Cmp
RRC R
RC

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Iu Interface Signaling Connection Establishment

UE Node
B RNC CN
Initial DT
RRC RRC

RANAP Initial UE Message（Connect Req） R

ANA
P
/SCCP /
SCC
P

Connect Confirm
SCCP SCC
P

l Iu interface signaling connection establishment means SCCP connection

establishment
l In Iu interface, signaling of radio network layer report RANAP message and
NAS message, and NAS message in RANAP is embodied as Direct Transfer
message

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RAB Establishment (1)

UE Node
B RNC CN
RAB Ass REQ
RANAP RAN
AP

AAL2 Setup REQ

RANAP R
ANA
P
AAL2 Setup Rep
RANAP RAN
AP

RL Recfg Prep
N
BAP NBAP
RL Recfg Ready
N
BAP NBAP
AAL2 Setup Req
A
LCAP ALCAP
AAL2 Setup Rsp
A
LCAP ALCAP
DL Sync
FP FP
UL Sync
F
P FP

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RAB Establishment (2)

UE Node
B RNC CN
RB Setup
RRC RRC

RL Recfg Commit
NBA
P NBAP

RB Setup complete
RRC RRC

RAB Ass Rsp

RANAP R
ANA
P

l RAB bears speech, data and multimedia services between UE and CN

l RAB establishment procedure mainly consists of AAL2 PATH

establishment in Iu interface and Iub interface, and the radio resource
reconfiguration procedure of RAN and UE

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Example: Called Procedure(1)

CN RNC Node
B UE
PAGING
RANAP RANAP
PAGINGTYPE
1
RRC RR
C

RRCSETUP

INITIALDIRECTTR
ANSFE
R
RRC RR
C

INITIALU
EM ESSAGE
RANAP RANAP
(PagingRespons
e)
D
IRE
CTT RANSFE
R
RANAP RANAP
(Se
tU p)
DOWNLINKDIRECTT
RANSF
ER
RRC RR
C

UPLINKDIRECTT
RANS
FER
RRC RR
C

D
IRECTTRANSFER
RANAP RANAP
(CallCon
fir m
)

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Example: Called Procedure(2)

CN RNC NodeB UE
RAB ASSIGNMENT
RANAP RANAP
REQ
RAB SETUP

RAB ASSIGNMENT
RANAP RANAP
RES
UPLINK DIRECT
RRC RRC
TRANSFER
DIRECT TRANSFER
RANAP RANAP
(Alerting)
UPLINK DIRECT
RRC RRC
TRANSFER
DIRECT TRANSFER
RANAP RANAP
(Connect)
DIRECT TRANSFER
RANAP RANAP
(Connect Acknowledge)
DOWNLINK DIRECT
RRC RRC
TRANSFER

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Chapter 1 3G Summary
Chapter 2 CDMA Fundamental
Chapter 3 WCDMA System Architecture
Chapter 4 WCDMA Air Interface
Chapter 5 WCDMA Signaling Procedure
Chapter 6 WCDMA System Coding Method

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Chapter 6 WCDMA System Coding Method

6.1 Equipment Coding

6.2 Area Coding

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MSISDN

CC NDC SN
National (significant)
Mobile number

Mobile station international

ISDN number

l CC：Country Code, for example, China is 86

l NDC：National Destination Code, for example, 135, 139 and so on

l SN：Subscriber Number

l MSISDN common format:86-13X-H0 H1 H2 H3 ABCD

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IMSI
Not more than 15 digits

3 digits 2 digits

MCC MNC MSIN

NMSI

IMSI

l MCC：Mobile Country Code, China is 460

l MNC：Mobile Network Code, for example, China mobile is 00 or 04

l MSIN: the unique identification code of MS within one PLMN

l NMSI: the unique identification code of MS within one country

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IMEI
6 numbers 2 numbers 6 numbers 1 number

TAC FAC SNR SP

IMEI（15 numbers）

l TAC：Type Approval Code, distributed by Europe Type Authorize Centre

l FAC：Final Assembly Code, coded by manufacturer

l SNR：Serial Number, identifies every mobile equipment of TAC and FAC

l spare：standby bit, when UE send information, it is set to be 0

l For example: 35495000251505

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TMSI

l TMSI is a temporary identification distributed in VLR for the

sake of system security, uniquely responding to IMSI within
VLR
l TMSI distribution rule:

[ Contains 4 bytes, is composed of 8 hexes, its structure can

be determined by operator according to local situation

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MSC

CC NDC LSP

MSC number

l Meanings of CC and NDC are the same with regulation of

MSISDN
l LSP：Locally Significant Part, determined by operator

l VLR/SGSN/GGSN number is similar to MSC number

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HLR Number

CC NDC H0 H1 H2 H3 0000

HLR number

l Meanings of CC and NDC are the same with regulation of

MSISDN, but all the latter 4 bits are 0

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PS Domain Numbering

Equipment SGSN 10.136.20.15

address

APN:

www.huawei.com.mnc<MNC>.mcc<MCC>.gprs

APN network identification

APN operator identification

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Chapter 6 WCDMA System Coding Method

6.1 Equipment Coding

6.2 Area Coding

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Area Definition

PLMN

MSC area Location Service cell

area area
SGSN area
Route
area

PLMN

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PLMN ID

l PLMN Identifier: used to uniquely identify a PLMN network

in the world

MCC
MCC MNC
MNC

PLMN ID

l MCC：Mobile Country Code, say, China is 460

l MNC：Mobile Network Code, say, China mobile is 00 or 04

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LAI
l By detecting LAI, MS/UE may perform Location Area Update
procedure
l Speech service is paging as a unit of LA

MCC
MCC MNC
MNC LAC
LAC

Location Area Identification

l MCC： Mobile Country Code, say, China is 460

l MNC： Mobile Network Code, say, China mobile is 00 or 04

l LAC： Location Area Code, consists of 2 bytes (BCD code, hex)

0000 and FFFE cannot be adopted

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RAI
l By detecting RAI, MS/UE may perform Routing Area Update procedure

l Packet service is paging as a unit of RA

MCC
MCC MNC
MNC LAC
LAC RAC
RAC

Routing Area Identification

l MCC： Mobile Country Code, say, China is 460

l MNC：Mobile Network Code, say, China mobile is 00 or 04

l LAC： Location Area Code, consists of 2 bytes (BCD code, hex)

0000 and FFFE cannot be adopted
l RAC：Routing Area Code, consists of 1 byte (BCD code, hex)

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SAI
l The Service Area Identifier is used to identify an area consisting of
one or more cells belonging to the same Location Area. Service Area
can be used for indicating the location of a UE to the CN

MCC
MCC MNC
MNC LAC
LAC SAC
SAC

Service Area Identifier

l MCC：Mobile Country Code, say, China is 460

l MNC：Mobile Network Code, say, China mobile is 00 or 04

l LAC： Location Area Code, consists of 2 bytes (BCD code, hex)

[ 0000 and FFFE cannot be adopted

l SAC：Service Area Code, consists of 2 bytes (BCD code, hex)

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