ISDB-T seminar(18th March.

2009)

Presentation 2

Technical Key features of ISDB-T and

Efficient transition to Digital
Broadcasting with ISDB-T
18th March. 2009
KBP ISDB-T Seminar
Manila, Philippines
DiBEG JAPAN

Takashi YABASHI
(Director-General of Engineering Administration
Department, NHK)
DiBE
Digital G
broadcasting experts group
Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
1
 Contents

1. Technical Key Features of ISDB-T

„ System requirements from broadcasters
„ System performance
„ Results of comparison tests in foreign countries
„ Applications in service

2. Efficient Transition to Digital Broadcasting with

ISDB-T
„ Preparation for transition to digital broadcasting
„ Schedule for DTTB
„ Digital transition in Japan with ISDB-T
„ Requirements for future applications
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 1. Technical Key Features of
ISDB-T

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Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
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 System requirements from broadcasters
Key items for consideration of digital terrestrial television
„ Hi-Definition format in program production
→ HD format has become a major format in TV program,
movies, video gaming software, etc.
„ Frequency congestion
→ For efficient use of frequency spectrum, capability of
Single Frequency Network (SFN) is required.
„ Interference and fading in various environments
→ Tolerance to interference, multi-path signals, fading, etc.
is required in various environments.
„ Mobile reception with portable terminals such as
cellular phones
→ No extra cost for mobile reception is preferable.
„ Broadcasting service as a long term business
→ No extra cost for future demand from subscribers is
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Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
preferable. 4
 System Performance

ISDB-T is ...
„ One of the DTTB systems in the world
„ There are 3 systems recommended in ITU-R
BT1306.
„ ISDB-T, DVB-T and ATSC
„ The most flexible system
„ HDTV, multi-SDTV, EPG, data-casting, internet-
access, mobile reception, cellular phone TV, etc.
„ The most robust system
„ OFDM, time-interleaving, and segmentation.
„ Brazilian and other countries' comparison test
results proved it.

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Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
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 Schedule for Digitalization in Japan
’25 ’53 ’84 ’00 ’03 ’07 ’11
Radio

TV (Analog Terrestrial)

I
Satellite (Satellite Broadcasting) S
D
Digitalization
B
BS Digital
2000.12

Terrestrial Digital
2003.12
2011.07

Completion of
Digitalization

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Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
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 Transmission flexibility in ISDB-T
Service 1 Service 2
Home Reception Mobile Home Mobile Mobile
Reception Reception
Reception Reception (Cellular
HDTV (Cellular
phone, etc) phone, etc)
Video,
SDTV SDTV
or ＋ Data Video,
＋ Audio, ＋Data ＋ ＋Data ＋ Audio,
SDTV Data Data
2～3

5.6MHz （13 Segments） 5.6MHz （13 Segments）

64QAM QPSK
QPSK QPSK
QPSK
QPSK

Car Navigation Cellular Phone

Home TV Receiver Mobile Receiver Receiver
Receiver
(All Services are receivable） (HDTV, SDTV, Audio, Data)
(Video, Audio, Data) (Video, Audio, Data)

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Reception format depends on the receiver performance 7
 What is interleaving ?

Actual Data
data
Data 1 Data 2 Data 3 Data k

Shuffle order of data Transmit after interleaving

Transmitting Mass Data error

data in specified area or frequency

Reorder Deinterleave after receiving

Received
data

Error Error Error Error Able to fix the mass data error
Correction Correction Correction Correction by Interleaving !!
Data after
error
correction
Frequency or time duration

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Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
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 Service lineup of ISDB-T in Japan
ISDB-T has powerful applications

HDTV Data broadcasting & Interactive TV

TV station

Internet/
telephone-line
• High quality image on wide
screen and CD quality sound. • Local news and weather forecast for • Offers Interactive service
viewers at any time.

Multi-channel program Mobile reception

• Standard quality multi-channel service

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 Examples of fixed reception service
‡High Definition Television Program
9The high quality images on a 16ｘ9 wide screen and CD-
quality sound make you feel as if you were at the theater.
9European broadcasters have opted for “multi-channel”
strategy, but Japanese broadcasters have chosen to take
advantages of “high definition” pictures.
9HDTV has become a killer application in both terrestrial
broadcasting and satellite broadcasting .

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 Examples of fixed reception service

Multi-cannel SDTV program service

‡ISDB-T can transmit multiple SD programs
simultaneously on a single digital spectrum of 6 MHz.

SD-1 SD-2 SD-3

Maximum number of Channel is 8 defined in Japanese ISDB-T

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 Examples of interactive service
(Electronic Program Guide)
An Electronic Program Guide (EPG) is an interactive
schedule of current and upcoming programs that a
viewer can display on-screen simply by pressing a
button on his remote control unit.

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 Examples of interactive service
(Data Broadcasting …No return link!)
‡ Data broadcasting is an interactive applications which
provide various types of information.
‡ ISDB-T can provide various types of information without
return links such as telephone lines, IP networks.
→ No additional cost for return link !

Weather forecast Traffic status

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Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
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 Comparison Tests Results
in Peru and Brazil

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Comparison Tests on Impulse Noise in Peru

Blender

Result of DVB-T

Antenna ISDB-T

Result of ATSC
ISDB-T shows superiority in noise robustness.
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Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
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 Mobile Reception Route in Peru

C
D
B Av. Panamericana Norte
Av. Universitaria 4.68 Km
5,20 Km

F
A Av. Angélica 
Inicio‐Fin Gamarra 2.24 Km E

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 Results of Mobile Reception in Peru
Test site Receiving antenna: Omni directional antenna
(Total: Six routes) TV signals: HDTV

Route ISDB-T DVB-T ATSC

1 (A-B) 5(5) 3 1

2 (B-C) 1(5) 1 1

3 (C-D) 3(5) 1 1

4 (D-E) 4(5) 1+ 1

5 (E-F) 4(5) 1+ 1

6 (F-A) 5(5) 3 1

Note: 5: Excellent, 4: good, 3:fair, 2: poor, 1: bad ( ) : Car TV (Strada, Panasonic)

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Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
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 Test results carried out by Brazil

„ Transmission parameter : almost same bit rate

„ ATSC
„ Fixed, 8VSB FEC=2/3 :19,39 Mbit/s
„ DVB-T
„ DVB-2K : 64QAM FEC=3/4 GI=1/16 2K :19,75 Mbit/s
„ ISDB-T
„ ISDB-4k : 64QAM FEC=3/4 GI=1/16 4K 0.1s :19,33 Mbit/s

(From the presentation of the Brazilian SET/ABERT study group at NAB2000)

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 Impulse noise

Relation between the noise pulse width & interference to signal ratio
ATSC - Chip A
30
DVB - NDS - 3/4 1/16 2K
25 ISDB-T ISDB - NEC - 3/4 1/16 4K 0.1s
20
"I"/C (dB)

15

10 ATSC
Better

-5
DVB-T
-10

-15
0 100 200 300 400

Pulse width (μs)

Better performance of the ISDB-T system, by introducing time interleaving

(From the presentation of Brazilian SET/ABERT study group at NAB2000)
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 Static multipath
Carrier to noise ratio as a function of carrier to echo ratio
Comparison at post-echo = 8 μs
36
34 ATSC - CHIP T
32 DVB - NDS - 3/4 1/16 2K
30 ATSC ISDB - CHIP J - 3/4 1/16 4k 0.1s
28 DVB-T
C/N (dB)
Better

26
24
ISDB-T
22
20
18
16
14
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
D/U (dB)
(From the presentation of Brazilian SET/ABERT study group at NAB2000)
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Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
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 Outdoor : Coverage
Success on Receiving - Cumulative Function
Criterion: Number of Errors < 5
100%
ISDB-T
Percentage of Sites

90%
DVB-T
Better

80%

70%
ATSC

60%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Distance (km)
ATSC DVB-2k ISDB-T

(From the presentation of Brazilian SET/ABERT study group at NAB2000)

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Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
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 Applications in service - interactive service
(with telecommunication link such as the Internet)
‡ With return links ISDB-T can provide various types of
attractive online applications such as portal site, online
games, online quizzes, and much more!
→ You can extend your business via return link.
Online information menu: Travel, quizzes, book, etc TV program

Broadcast

Internet / Telephone line

TV station
TV
Receiver

NHK data online portal

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Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
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 Applications in service - Convergence of
Broadcasting & Mobile telecommunications
- BST-OFDM technology / Features of One-Seg -
Broadcasting Convergence Communications

Watch TV TV & Data TV & Internet Internet

Broadcasting station Broadcasting station

ＢＭＬ
ＢＭＬ

ＢＭＬ, HTML

Watching TV program Watching TV program

Watching TV program Viewing or reading
and reading data on and reading data on
on full screen on the Internet
TV the Internet

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 Applications in service
- Multi-channel service in One-Seg

One-Seg 1 One-Seg 2

TOKYO MX homepage

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 2. Efficient transition to Digital
Broadcasting with ISDB-T

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 Preparation for transition to digital
broadcasting
NEWS Video server VTR

Studio
Digital relay circuit

Closed Data Analog relay circuit

EPG
caption broadcast
system Regional headquarter
system system
Regional station
Circuit center
Digital broadcasting
ENC Digital
Matrix switcher MUX transmitter
Analog broadcasting
D/C Analog
transmitter
Master control system
(TV program delivery system)
News gathering
Transmitting
Technical operation center station

NHK Broadcasting center (Tokyo headquarters)

Regional headquarter
Regional station
Outline of DTTB system
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Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
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 Schedule for DTTB
2001 2003 2006 2011
Analog Terrestrial
Broadcasting

Frequency Change of Analog for Digital

(“Analog to Analog” Conversion )

Tokyo / Nagoya / Osaka

Digital Terrestrial
Broadcasting
Other areas

Complete transition to Digital Broadcasting

Osaka (Analog broadcasting ends its service)

Tokyo
Nagoya
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Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
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 Schedule for DTTB roll-out in Japan

2003 2005 2007

Osaka
Tokyo

Nagoya

„ Expansion of DTTB coverage (number of households)

„ 2003 25% (12 million) Commencement of DTTB
„ 2004 38% (18 million)
„ 2005 60% (28.4 million)
„ 2006 84% (39.5 million) Commencement in all prefectural capital cities
„ 2007 92% (43.3 million)
„ 2008 96% (47.8 million)
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 Challenges on DTTB until 2011 in Japan

„ Broadcasters obliged to build DTTB main and

relay stations until 2010
(NHK: around 2200 stations)
(Commercial broadcasters: around 7000 stations)
„ DTTB facilities are top priority for capital
investment
„ Simulcast
„ Must operate and maintain both analog and digital
facilities
„ HD/SD simultaneous production system
„ VTR, Camera, ・・・・
„ Aspect ratio (Conversion between SD and HD）

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 Digital transition in Japan with ISDB-T

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 Transmission Network

„ Two types of transmission network

„ Broadcast wave relay is the best!
„ However, due to the frequency spectrum congestion in UHF
band Microwave: STL, TTL (TS-TTL, IF-TTL) may be the last
choice in order to avoid harmful interference ….
Broadcast-wave
Broadcast-wave

Relay station
ve) TT
L(M Relay station
-wa ic r
o
icr o-w Household
L(M av
e)
ST Broadcast-wave
Main station
a ve)
-w
Mi cro
(
TTL Relay station
Studio

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Relay station 31
Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
 Investment cost reduction with ISDB-T
Key items for adoption ISDB-T
„Reduce the number of relay-station
→ Only one station is the best. However, some stations are required
for coverage area. ISDB-T provides the network plan with long range.
„More applications and less facilities

→ For additional mobile applications, no additional transmitter is

required.
→ For example, share the facilities with analog transmission stations
such as buildings, antenna poles can reduce the investment cost.
„ Broadcasting is Long term business

→ The transmitter capable of HD contents delivery and convergence

with telecommunications is preferable for future business.
The flexibility is one of the most important points for future business.

Since the one ISDB-T transmitter is enough for both fixed reception
and mobile reception, there must be big merit to adopt ISDB-T
when there is less difference in the transmitter cost between ISDB-
T and DVB-T.
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Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
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 Channel Planning Schedule for DTTB

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2011

Approved Target for termination

DTTB of analog TV

Standard Small relay

Large relay
Tx-stations
main stations Tx-stations
Channel ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼

Plan
Experimental Top 3 metropolitan areas
（Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya） Nationwide
Transmission
On the Air

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Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
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 To Achieve the Channel Plan with ISDB-T

„ Effective use of frequency

„ The broadcasting network can be constructed with MFN and SFN.
„ SFN is useful where the available.

„ Reduce the number of relay stations

„ Consider the improvement of interference protection ratio in
receivers
for example; Low required
28dB → 26dB (Digital to Digital, co-channel) C/N ratio is
30dB → 20dB (Analog to Digital, co-channel) preferable!
fv fa 9Distorted OFDM carriers
from analog fv or fa
9Treat as unreliable data in
the error decoder
OFDM
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 Example of the one transmission station -
Coverage of Tokyo Tx-station (NHK)
10kW
1400 million households

About 180km

410W
880 million
households 300W
68 million households

About 140km
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 Example of
sharing the transmission antenna pole -

DTTB

Analog

Relay-station in Japan
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 Software simulation result – in Manila
Indoor antenna: 1.5m height

73dBμV/m Coverage: 70% Location

۞
probability
۞
・Use ABS-CBN analogue
tower: 600feet
・ERP=70kW(power:10kW)
About 170km
۞
・antenna pattern: omni
・topographic data: plane
۞ ground
・channel: 19ch(500-506MHz)
・urban attenuation: non-
consideration

About 130km ・Emed: 72.8dBμV/m

One High power station and a few relay stations may cover the area.
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Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
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 Requirements for future digital applications
- Trial in NHK with ISDB-T -

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 -Connected One-Seg
Re-transmission System (R&D)
・NHK developed a "connected One-Seg re-transmission system" that extracts One-Seg
signals from the digital terrestrial broadcast-waves received from individual broadcasters
and combines them into a single signal for re-transmission over a channel that is different
from any of the receiving channels.
・A maximum of thirteen One-Seg signals can be re-transmitted. It will be possible to offer
community broadcasting localized to a particular area for re-transmission, in addition to
One-Seg services from every broadcaster.

ISDB-T ch1 ch2 ch3 ch4 ch5 ch6 ch7 ch8

Air Frequency

Combines only One-Seg signals aboveground

Connected One-Seg underground

re-transmission system Community One-
Seg signals

Re-transmission ch9-13
6MHz
Frequency

ch1 ch2 ch3 ch4 ch5 ch6 ch7 ch8 ch9 ch10 ch11 ch12 ch13

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 - Automatic Activation of One-Seg
Receivers by EWS -
・The EWS (Emergency Warning broadcast System) automatically activates receivers when
a disaster happens, such as an earthquake or Tsunami.
・NHK developed EWS compatible adaptor that can be connected to a One-Seg receiver.
・The low power consumption achieved by performing intermittent reception of the One-Seg
activation flag, which is transmitted approximately every 0.2 seconds, showed the
prospect of continuous standby operation for about two weeks without recharging.

・Among the 432 carriers used for One-Seg

service, four carriers transmit the activation flag
for emergency warning broadcasting. Increasing
this to all four carriers, from the previously used
two carriers that transmitted the activation flag
signal, improved reception sensitivity without
increasing power consumption.
・NHK will work toward the actual implementation
of One-Seg and radio receiver with the EWS
reception function.

Prototype of EWS adaptor

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Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
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 Thank you for your
attention !
Salamat po!

Takashi YABASHI
NHK

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