Circle Check Guide

LES PUBLICATIONS DU QUÉBEC

Circle Check Guide

LES PUBLICATIONS DU QUÉBEC

1000, route de l’Église, bureau 500, Québec (Québec) G1V 3V9

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This edition was published by
Les Publications du Québec
1000, route de l’Église, bureau 500,
Québec (Québec) G1V 3V9

This publication was prepared by

the Société de l’assurance automobile
du Québec.
Research and written by
Direction de l’expertise et de la sécurité des véhicules
Illustrations
Laro Design et illustration
Graphic design
Laro Design et illustration
Project coordination
Direction des communications
Translation
Allan Ross

Legal deposit – 2018

Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec
ISBN 978-2-551-26240-3 (Print version)
ISBN 978-2-550-81133-6 (PDF version)
© Gouvernement du Québec, 2018
All rights reserved for all countries.
Reproduction by any means and translation of any part of this document
are prohibited without the authorization of Les Publications du Québec.
 Introduction.............................................................. 5 ■■ Lists of defects............................................................. 13 ■■ Example of the inspection method
for a motor coach (List 3).................................. 32
■■ Mechanical component
How to Use This Guide............................. 7 of the circle check..................................................... 14
Circle Check
Circle Check ■■ Presence of defects................................................. 15 (Mechanical Component).................. 38
(Administrative Component).......... 8 ■■ Circle check report................................................... 16 ■■ Introduction.................................................................... 38
■■ What is the circle check? .................................. 8 ■■ Operating a heavy vehicle elsewhere ■■ List of Systems............................................................. 39
■■ Vehicles subject to a circle check............... 8 Driving elsewhere in Canada
1 Coupling Devices................................................... 40
Driving in the United States................................... 18
■■ Vehicles exempt from a circle check....... 9 Fixed or Sliding Fifth Wheel
■■ Keeping documents................................................. 18 Coupling Device............................................................ 43
■■ Is the circle check mandatory?..................... 9 Hook and Ring Coupling Device....................... 50
■■ Who is required to perform Inspection Methods..................................... 19 Other Coupling Devices
the circle check?......................................................... 9 (e.g. gooseneck, ball and hitch)......................... 53
■■ What method should be used
■■ When must the circle check to perform the circle check?........................... 19 2 Frame and Cargo Body..................................... 55
be performed?.............................................................. 10 ■■ What material should be used 3 Heater/Defroster.................................................... 59
■■ Vehicles used by more than to perform the circle check?........................... 19 4 Driver Controls
one driver......................................................................... 11 ■■ Example of the inspection method (accelerator, clutch and horn).................... 61
■■ Vehicles used by team drivers....................... 12 for a semi-trailer hitched 5 Steering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
to a tractor truck (List 1).................................... 20
■■ Who is responsible for reporting 6 Windshield Wiper/Washer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
defects detected during the trip?.............. 12 ■■ Example of the inspection method
7 Emergency Material. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
for a school bus (equipped with
■■ Special considerations.......................................... 12 hydraulic brakes) (List 2).................................... 27

Table of Contents
 Table of Contents
4

8 Headlights and Lights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Occupational Injury Glossary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

9 Tires.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Prevention.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
10 Doors and Other Openings.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
■■ Refusing to perform work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

11 Glass and Mirrors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 ■■ Risks and how to prevent them. . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

12 Wheels, Hubs and Fasteners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Appendices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
13 Seat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
■■ Appendix 1 – Sample Circle
14 Suspension. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Check Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
15 Fuel System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 ■■ Appendix 2 – Lists of Defects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
16 Exhaust System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 List 1 – Heavy Vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
17 Electric Brake System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 List 2 – Buses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
List 3 – Motor Coaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
18 Hydraulic Brake System.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
■■ Appendix 3 – Pressure
19 Pneumatic Brake System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Conversion Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
20 Passenger Transport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
■■ Appendix 4 – Measurement
Conversion Table (length). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
■■ Appendix 5 – Offences.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
 Introduction

Mechanical defects related mainly to brakes, tires, wheels, and coupling devices are a determi-
ning factor in more than 10% of heavy vehicle accidents. They also cause a significant loss of
productivity in the transportation of goods and passengers industry. Yet, most of those defects
could be detected during a proper inspection of the vehicle before it is used.

Either the driver or a person designated by the operator must perform the vehicle inspection in
order to ensure that it complies with the standards in effect. The Highway Safety Code specifies
that all heavy vehicles must have been checked within the previous 24 hours, otherwise a new
“circle check” must be carried out.

The purpose of the circle check is to ensure that:

• the principle components of the vehicle are in good condition;

• the vehicle’s owner and operator are informed of the repairs to be made;

• no vehicles with major defects are operated on our roads.

The ultimate objective is to improve safety for all road users.

5
 How to Use This Guide Icons:
Here is the meaning of the icons used
in this guide:

MINOR defect

This guide is intended for heavy vehicle owners, operators and drivers and all stakeholders in MAJOR defect
the transportation industry who play a role in heavy vehicle maintenance and road safety.
Helpful tip or advice that
The information in this guide cannot be used for legal purposes. In this regard, you should makes it easier to understand
a more complex point or
consult the relevant sections of Québec’s Highway Safety Code, the Regulation respecting safety carry out a particular task
standards for road vehicles and the Act respecting owners, operators and drivers of heavy
vehicles. Offence under Québec’s
Highway Safety Code

An appended glossary provides exact definitions of certain terms used in this guide.

7
 Circle Check (Administrative Component)
8

What is the circle check? • Cement mixers; • A pickup truck with a GVWR of 4,500 kg or
• Tank trucks more to which is hitched a trailer or semi-trailer
The circle check is a sight and sound inspection of
• Fire trucks; with a GVWR of less than 4,500 kg;
the accessible components of a vehicle that makes
it possible to: • Straight-body trucks; • A pickup truck with a GVWR of 4,500 kg or
• Snow removal trucks; more to which is hitched a trailer or semi-trailer
• detect defects as early as possible;
with a GVWR of 4,500 kg or more (each
• quickly notify the owner and operator of any • Vans;
vehicle in the combination has a GVWR of
defects detected; • Pickup trucks; 4,500 kg or more).
• prevent the vehicle from being operated when • Trailers;
its condition poses a risk of an accident or a • Semi-trailers;
breakdown. • Road tractors;
• Emergency response vehicles;
Important! The person carrying out • Equipment transport vehicles (compressors, well Since the entire vehicle combination is
the circle check must perform these drills, concrete pumps, cranes mounted on a truck subject to the circle check, both vehicles
inspections safely. chassis). must be inspected – not only the vehicle
with a GVWR of 4,500 kg or more.
Combinations of road vehicles
Vehicles subject to a circle check that include at least one vehicle Buses, minibuses and tow trucks
Road vehicles with a gross vehicle with a GVWR or 4,500 kg or more (regardless of GVWR)
weight rating (GVWR)1 of 4,500 kg For example:
or more For example:
• A pickup truck with a GVWR of less than 4,500 kg
For example: • Motor coaches;
to which is hitched a trailer or semi-trailer with
• Ambulances; a GVWR of 4,500 kg or more; • Minibuses;

1. GVWR (or gross vehicle weight rating) = net weight + maximum load capacity.
 • School buses; • Heavy vehicles required by an emergency service vehicle be driven if the circle check has not been
• Paratransit minibuses; or in the event of a disaster; carried out within the regulatory time frame.
• City buses; • Farm tractors;
• Tow trucks (all types).
Who is required to perform the
• Farm machinery (e.g. combine-harvesters);
circle check?
Road vehicles with a GVWR • Farm trailers (e.g. a hay trailer owned by a farmer
The driver must perform the circle check of the
of less than 4,500 kg transporting and used for farming purposes); vehicle he or she is driving.
dangerous substances and • Heavy vehicles used by a natural person for
The circle check can also be performed by a person
requiring the display of safety marks personal ends, i.e. other than for commercial
designated by the operator. In that case, the
or professional purposes (e.g. a truck used to
Vehicles or combinations of vehicles (automobiles, operator becomes accountable for the circle check
move household belongings, a motor home, etc.);
pickup trucks, etc.) requiring the display of safety and the driver may accept or refuse the report.
marks, for example: • Straight-body trucks with two or three axles • If the driver accepts the report
used to: He or she makes sure that the circle check is
–– transport unprocessed farm, forest or fishery valid (carried out within the previous 24 hours)
products, provided the driver is also the and co-signs the report to acknowledge it.
producer, or Accepting the report does not render the driver
accountable for the circle check, but the driver
–– make the return trip, provided the truck is must keep the report up to date and record
either empty or used to transport products any defects observed during the trip.
Vehicles exempt from mainly used in the operation of a farm,
• If the driver refuses the report
forest or fishery.
a circle check The driver must perform a new circle check and
• Tool vehicles fill out a new report.
–– Graders, Is the circle check mandatory?
–– Loaders, The circle check is mandatory for all vehicles
–– Back hoes, subject to this inspection. Therefore, a driver cannot
drive a vehicle and an operator cannot let a

9
Circle Check
(Administrative Component)
 Circle Check
(Administrative Component)
10

driver, even if the latter person is not a person When must the circle check be
designated by the operator to carry out the performed?
circle check.
Before getting behind the wheel, drivers must
The person designated by the operator can • If the driver accepts the report make sure that a circle check of their vehicle
be a driver. In that case, it is important that He or she makes sure that the circle check is was completed within the previous 24 hours.
the circle check report indicate that this valid (carried out within the previous 24 hours) If this is not the case, a new circle check must
driver performed the circle check as the and co-signs the report to acknowledge it.
person designated by the operator.
be performed.2
Accepting the report then renders the
driver accountable for the circle check However, if the circle check was not performed by
carried out by the previous driver, as it was a person designated by the operator, the driver
Particularities for buses, not carried out by a person designated by the
minibuses, tow trucks must perform a new circle check, even if one was
operator. The driver must also keep the report completed within the previous 24 hours, as the
and emergency vehicles up to date and record any defects observed
(excluding fire department driver cannot co-sign the circle check report.
during the trip.
vehicles)
• If the driver refuses the report Note that this rule does not apply to buses, mini-
In the case of a bus, a minibus, a tow truck or The driver must perform a new circle check and buses, tow trucks and emergency vehicles, as the
an emergency vehicle (excluding fire department fill out a new report. driver can co-sign the circle check report completed
vehicles), the driver can accept and co-sign the
by the previous driver, even if that driver is not a
circle check report completed by the previous
person designated by the operator to perform the
circle check.

2. In the case of buses, minibuses and emergency vehicles (excluding fire department vehicles), Saturdays, Sundays and statutory holidays are not taken into account in the 24-hour period following
the last circle check, on the condition that the vehicle remains parked on those days.
 If a driver refuses the circle check performed In the event that a driver refuses a circle check
by the designated person, he or she must perform report completed by a person designated by the
When they are at the wheel, drivers must a new circle check and thus assume responsibility operator, he or she must perform a new circle
organize their activities so as to be able for it. check and complete a new report. All subsequent
to perform a new circle check before drivers will also have to do so because the most
the prescribed 24-hour period expires. For If the circle check was performed by a driver who recent circle check was not performed by a person
example, for a circle check completed at is not a person designated by the operator, designated by the operator.
7:00 a.m. on June 12, the driver must
successive drivers can accept the circle check
perform a new circle check before 7:00 a.m.
on June 13 otherwise he or she will be report and co-sign it or perform a new circle If the circle check is not performed by a person
prohibited from driving the vehicle. check. If the driver co-signs the report, the driver designated by the operator, a driver who once
at the wheel of the vehicle is accountable for again uses a vehicle for which he or she has
the circle check performed by the previous driver. performed a circle check within the previous
Vehicles used by The driver must also keep the report up to date 24 hours is not required to complete a new circle
more than one driver and report any defects observed during the trip. check report. However, the driver must make sure
that the report he or she has completed is on
Buses, minibuses, tow trucks Other vehicles subject board the vehicle and that it still accurately
and emergency vehicles to the circle check reflects the vehicle’s condition. Therefore, when
(excluding fire department another driver has used the vehicle in the mean-
vehicles) When a vehicle is used by more than one driver, time, it is recommended that the driver perform a
each driver must perform a circle check before new circle check or read the other driver’s circle
As indicated in the section entitled “Who is check report in order to update his or her report if
getting behind the wheel. However, if the circle
required to perform the circle check?”, if the circle any defects have been detected since he or she
check was performed by a person designated by
check was performed by a person designated by completed the report.
the operator, the other drivers can simply co-sign
the operator, each driver must read the report,
the report if they accept it.
make sure the circle check was performed within
the previous 24 hours, co-sign the report if he
or she accepts it and be sure to keep it updated.

11
Circle Check
(Administrative Component)
 Circle Check
(Administrative Component)
12

Vehicles used by team drivers behind the wheel is accountable for the circle
check performed by the preceding driver. The driver
When the vehicle is used as a team, the following
must also keep the report up to date and record If the driver is unable to determine whether
method is recommended if the operator has not
any defects observed during the trip. a problem is actually a defect, he or she
designated one of the drivers to perform the circle
check: the first driver performs the circle check should nevertheless report the problem
to the operator, who will then make the
and fills out the circle check report; the relief Who is responsible for reporting necessary verifications.
driver performs a new circle check and fills out a
defects detected during the
new report before getting behind the wheel. Both
reports remain valid for a period of 24 hours. trip?
Drivers are responsible for reporting defects Special considerations
If the operator has designated one of the drivers detected during the trip, even if the circle check
was performed by a person designated by the
Road tests
to perform the circle check, the other driver can
read the report before getting behind the wheel operator. For a road test, the circle check is not required if
and either: all of the following conditions are met:

• co-sign the report if he or she accepts it; or Drivers: • the road test is carried out within a 15-kilometre
• are in the best position to detect symptoms radius from the location where the vehicle is
• perform a new circle check and fill out a new being repaired;
report if he or she refuses it. of unusual behaviour in their vehicle;
• must always be able to carry out an inspection • the vehicle is not carrying any goods, except
of their vehicle and recognize the defects the equipment with which it is permanently
Motor coaches used
normally detected during a circle check. fitted;
by team drivers
• the vehicle is not carrying any passengers,
When preparing to take the wheel, the relief
other than those involved in the road test;
driver can co-sign the first driver’s circle check
report if he or she accepts it, even if the preceding • the most recent circle check report or job card
driver was not designated by the operator to is on board the vehicle.
perform the circle check. In such a case, the driver
 Fire department vehicles This particularity only applies when the following List 1
The circle check for a fire department vehicle must conditions are met: Heavy vehicles, other than
have been performed within 24 hours of the • the circle check is performed by a person those covered by lists 2 and 3
vehicle leaving or returning to the fire station. designated by the operator; List 2
When the vehicle stays in the fire station, the • the vehicle is a bus or minibus used for urban Buses (other than motor
circle check must be performed at least once coaches), minibuses and trai-
transit and operated by a public transit authority.
every 7 days. lers hauled by a bus, minibus
or motor coach
Lists of defects List 3
Buses or minibuses used Motor coaches exclusively4
for urban transit and operated What is a list of defects?
by a public transit authority The list of defects is a checklist that enumerates Must the list of defects always
The circle check remains valid for either of the the components to inspect and the defects that be on board the vehicle?
following periods, whichever comes first: can be detected on a vehicle. It is used to
The list of defects is mandatory and must always
• 48 hours, if the vehicle remains parked indoors determine whether defects noted during a circle
be on board the vehicle.
for this entire period;3 check are minor or major.
• 24 hours from the time the vehicle is called into There are three lists of defects that must be used Operators are required to:
service. during the circle check. • place the applicable list of defects on board
every heavy vehicle under their responsibility;
• make sure the driver keeps the list on board the
vehicle.

3. Saturdays, Sundays and statutory holidays are taken into account in the 48-hour period from the time the circle check was performed if the vehicle remains parked indoors on those days. This rule only
applies to circle checks performed by a person designated by the operator for that purpose for buses and minibuses operated by a public transit authority and used for urban transit.
4. If a motor coach is not subject to a preventative maintenance program (PMP) recognized by the Société de l’assurance automobile du Québec, the driver must make sure to have on board the report of
the inspection specific to motor coaches and List 3. The owner must complete this report every 12,000 km or every 30 days, whichever comes first, and place the report on board every motor coach under
his or her responsibility.

13
Circle Check
(Administrative Component)
 Circle Check
(Administrative Component)
14

Drivers are required to: Mechanical component Categories of defects

• make sure the list of defects that applies to the of the circle check
heavy vehicle under their responsibility is and
remains on board the vehicle; Main obligations Minor Defects
• surrender the list to any peace officer who asks • Owners:
A minor defect does not pose an immediate
for it. –– maintaining their vehicles in good mechanical threat to the safety of the driver or other
condition. road users, but can deteriorate quickly
Is the format for the list of in certain cases. A vehicle with a minor
• Operators:
defects regulated? defect is prohibited from being operated if
–– ensuring the driver or the person they repairs are not performed within 48 hours.
The operator must provide a list of defects in the
designate performs the circle check;
format prescribed by the Regulation respecting
safety standards for road vehicles. They cannot –– ensuring all mandatory components are
change the texts, the order in which the defects inspected.
are presented or the numbering. They can, • Drivers: Major Defects
however, add elements in the section entitled –– performing the circle check, unless they accept
“Specific inspections required by the operator”. A major defect poses an immediate threat to
the circle check and co-sign the report; the safety of the driver and other road users.
>> from the person designated by the A vehicle with a major defect is prohibited
operator, from being operated.
Examples of authorized modifications: >> from the preceding driver (buses, mini-
- character font and size buses, tow trucks and emergency vehicles);
- adding colour or a logo –– reporting any defects noted during the trip.
-A dding hachure or graying out the
components that do not apply, such
as the coupling devices section on a
school bus

Sample compliant lists are appended to this guide.

 Principal components to inspect
during a circle check
The circle check covers the various components of Vehicles are not necessarily equipped If the driver detects a defect that does not
a vehicle, namely: with all the components referred to in appear on the list, or if the driver is informed
1. Coupling devices the list of defects (e.g. hydraulic brakes). of such a defect, it is recommended that
In such cases, the components do not have the driver enter the defect in the circle
2. Frame and cargo body to be inspected. However, when certain check report and report it to the operator,
3. Heater/defroster components with which a vehicle must be who can have the repairs made and
4. Driver controls equipped are missing, their absence consti- prevent the situation from deteriorating.
tutes a defect that must be reported.
5. Steering
6. Windshield wiper/washer
7. Emergency material Presence of defects When and how should a defect
8. Headlights and lights be reported?
What to do if a defect
9. Tires is detected? Minor defects
10. Doors and other openings Owners must maintain their heavy vehicles in A minor defect must be entered in the circle
11. Glass and mirrors good mechanical condition. They must therefore check report and reported to the operator
12. Wheels, hubs and fasteners be informed of any defect so that it can be corrected before the next circle check or within 24
13. Seat and maintain the right to operate the vehicle. hours,whichever comes first.
14. Suspension
What defects must be reported? It is recommended that a minor defect be
15. Fuel system reported as soon as possible.
Drivers must report any defect that appears in the
16. Exhaust system
list of defects that applies to the vehicle they are • The sooner the operator is informed, the more
17. Electric brake system driving, regardless of whether the defects are quickly the repairs can be made. In some cases,
18. Hydraulic brake system minor or major. the defect can even be repaired before the
19. Pneumatic brake system vehicle is taken back out on the road.
20. Passenger transport

15
Circle Check
(Administrative Component)
 Circle Check
(Administrative Component)
16

• Drivers must comply with the notification time Owners’ responsibilities when a When must it be filled out?
frame requirements if another driver then gets defect is detected The circle check report must be filled out during
behind the wheel of the vehicle. The first driver every circle check, even if no defects are detected.
Owners must correct any defect of which they
must have reported the minor defect before
have been informed.
the next circle check.
• Minor defect
Major defects Owners have 48 hours to have the necessary
A major defect must be entered in the circle repairs made in order to maintain the right to I drive within a 160-km radius. Do I have
check report and immediately reported to operate the vehicle. to fill out a circle check report? Yes, it is
Major defect mandatory under all circumstances.
the operator. A vehicle with a major defect is •
prohibited from being driven or operated. The vehicle is prohibited from being operated
as long as the necessary repairs have not been Who fills out the
Operators’ responsibilities when made. circle check report?
a defect is reported
The person who performs the circle check must
When operators receive a copy of a circle check
report that includes a defect, they are required to:
Circle check report fill out the circle check report and enter his or
her observations.
• sign the copy of the circle check report; What is a circle check report?
• immediately inform the owner of the defect; A circle check report is a document that allows the Where must it be kept?
driver or the person designated by the operator to
• send the owner a copy of the circle check report. Keeping the completed and valid circle check
inform the operator of the results of the inspection report on board the vehicle is mandatory; the
and, if applicable, the defects detected. The report vehicle cannot be put into operation if this report
also attests to the validity of the circle check. is not on board the vehicle.
 What are the operators’ • the vehicle’s licence plate number or the unit
obligations? number found on the registration certificate;
• Operators must make sure that the person who • the operator’s name; You should use the licence plate number if
performs the circle check enters all the you are travelling outside Québec, as some
• the date and time at which the circle check was jurisdictions do not accept the unit number.
required information in the report.
performed;
• They must make sure that the driver keeps
the circle check report on board the vehicle. • the municipality or location on the road where
• They must not allow the vehicle to be the circle check was performed; Does it have to be kept up
operated if the circle check report is not on • any defects noted during the trip; to date?
board the vehicle. Drivers are required to keep the circle check report
• any defects noted during the circle check.
up to date. As soon as they note a defect during
If no defect was noted, this must be indicated
What are the owners’ the trip, they must record it in the report.
as well;
obligations?
When a vehicle is used by an operator who is not • the name of the person who performed the When must the report be sent to
the owner of the vehicle, the owner must obtain circle check (printed legibly); the operator?
a copy of the circle check report. • a declaration, signed by the driver or the Drivers must send the original copy of the circle
person who performed the circle check, check report to the operator no later than 20 days
What information must the attesting that the vehicle was inspected in after it is completed.
circle check report contain? accordance with applicable requirements;
The circle check report can be presented in various • if the driver did not personally perform the Does it have to be handed over
forms (a sample model is appended to this guide), circle check, his or her signature to attest that to a peace officer?
but must contain the following information: he or she read the report and accepted it; Drivers are required to hand over the circle check
report to any peace officer at his or her request.
• the odometer reading.

17
Circle Check
(Administrative Component)
 Circle Check
(Administrative Component)
18

Operating a heavy vehicle Keeping documents

elsewhere Who must keep the documents?
Driving elsewhere in Canada Operators
Québec carriers operating on the territories of other For each heavy vehicle, operators are required
Canadian jurisdictions benefit from reciprocity as to keep:
regards the circle check. Regulations in effect in • a copy of circle check-related documents for at
Québec on this subject comply with National least six months.
Safety Code (NSC) Standard 13 prescribed by
the Canadian Council of Motor Transport Owners
Administrators.
For each heavy vehicle, owners are required to
There may, however, be some differences keep:
concerning minor and major defects, and it is • a copy of circle check-related documents for at
the operator’s responsibility to be aware of least six months;
those differences. • any documents attesting to the repair of defects
Driving in the Unites States for at least 12 months.

Québec carriers operating in the United States

benefit from reciprocity as regards daily inspections
of heavy vehicles.

There may, however, be some differences Some programs, such as the International
concerning minor and major defects, and it Registration Plan (IRP), may require
documents to be kept for longer periods.
is the operator’s responsibility to be aware of
those differences.
 Inspection Methods

What method should be used Using the same inspection routine may help What material should
to perform the circle check? you save time and make sure you don’t forget be used to perform
anything.
The methods presented in this guide allow you to the circle check?
perform a circle check quickly, effectively and • A flashlight;
Moreover, since the applicable list of defects must
safely. However, there is no mandatory method.
be kept on board the vehicle, drivers can use it as • A clean rag;
a checklist as they perform the circle check. Thus, • A hammer.
What is important is to:
the numbers that appear in parentheses in each
• choose a safe place on flat terrain; of the following methods refer to the lists of de-
• remain vigilant to avoid falls and injuries; fects and enable drivers to identify minor or major
• adopt a position that provides you with a good defects.
view of the accessible components provided for
in the circle check;
• remain attentive throughout the circle check to
clues that may indicate a defect (e.g. traces of
fluid on the ground, audible air leaks).

19
 Inspection Methods
Semi-Trailer Hitched to a Tractor Truck (List 1)
20

Example of the inspection method for a semi-trailer hitched to a tractor truck (List 1)

6 4 1 9 1 2

8
 1. Approaching the vehicle 2. Tractor truck – front • the side rail (2.1, 2.A, 2.B);
and preliminary inspections • the suspension* (Section 14);
As you move toward the front of the vehicle,
in the cab unlatch the hood on the left side and • the tire and valve (Section 9);
Before getting on board: position yourself facing the vehicle to check: • the wheel and its fasteners (12.B, 12.C);
Check the general condition of the vehicle combi- • the fixed components of the body (2.2); • the wheel bearing lubricant (12.1, 12.A).
nation to detect any signs of defects (fluid on • front outside rearview mirrors (11.3);
the ground, sagging vehicle, non-parallel wheels, * Make sure air is being supplied to the vehicle’s
• the low beams (8.1, 8.A); suspension.
displaced axle, air leak, missing body component,
etc.). • the parking lights (8.1);5
On the left side of the tractor truck, check:
• the right turn signal light (flasher) (8.1).
• the fixed components of the body (2.2);
On board the tractor truck:
Unlatch the hood on the right side, go back • the left side rearview mirror (11.2, 11.3);
Make sure the parking brake is engaged. Switch
on the low beams, the parking lights and the right to the front and raise the hood. • the exhaust system (16.1);
turn signal light (flasher). • the side rail and the cross member (if it is visible)
(2.1, 2.A, 2.B);
• Check whether the driver’s side door can be 3. Tractor truck – 
opened and closed (10.1, 10.A). left (driver’s) side • the fuel tank (leaks and mountings) (15.A, 15.C);
• the gas or diesel filler cap (15.B).
Exit the vehicle. At the left front of the tractor truck and
under the hood, check:
• the power steering fluid level (5.2);
• the power steering pump belt (if applicable) (5.3);

5. Front parking lights are only mandatory on vehicles 2.03 m wide or less.

21

Inspection Methods
Semi-Trailer Hitched to a Tractor Truck (List 1)
 Inspection Methods
Semi-Trailer Hitched to a Tractor Truck (List 1)
22

At the left rear of the tractor truck, check: • the tractor truck’s right turn signal light (flasher) Facing the semi-trailer’s rear wheels, check:
• the fixed components of the body (2.2); (8.1); • the side rail and the locking pins of the sliding
• the exhaust system (if applicable) (16.1); • the fixed components of the body (2.2). bogie (if the semi-trailer is so equipped)
• the coupling mechanism (fifth wheel) (2.1, 2.A, 2.B, 2.C);
From this location, you can also take a look at the
(1.1, 1.B, 1.C, 1.D, 1.E, 1.F); • the suspension* (Section 14);
parts that were difficult to see earlier, such as the
• the coupling plate and the kingpin – visible suspension, side rails, cross members, exhaust sys- • the tires and valves (Section 9);
parts (if applicable) (1.A, 1.F); tem components or the tires. In addition, by • the wheels and their fasteners (12.B, 12.C);
• the side rails and cross members of the tractor looking to the rear, you can see the trailer’s cross • the wheel bearing lubricant (12.1, 12.A).
truck and the semi-trailer (2.1, 2.A, 2.B); members.
• the suspension* (Section 14); * Make sure air is being supplied to the vehicle’s
• the tires and valves (Section 9); suspension.
5. Semi-trailer – 
• the wheels and their fasteners (12.B, 12.C); left (driver’s) side Go to the rear of the semi-trailer.
• the wheel bearing lubricant (12.1, 12.A).
On the left side of the semi-trailer, from front to
* Make sure air is being supplied to the vehicle’s rear, check: 6. Semi-trailer – rear
suspension • the fixed components of the body (2.2);
At the rear of the semi-trailer, check:
• the semi-trailer’s side rails and cross members
• the parking lights (8.1, 8.B);
4. Tractor truck – rear (2.1, 2.A, 2.B);
• the support or mounting holding the spare • the right turn signal light (flasher) (8.1, 8.B);
At the rear of the tractor truck, check:
wheel (if the semi-trailer is so equipped) (12.2). • the licence plate light (8.1);
• the fifth wheel jaws (use the flashlight, if need be)
(1.E, 1.F); • the fixed components of the body (2.2);
• the coupling plate and the kingpin – visible
parts (if applicable) (1.A, 1.F);
• the tractor truck’s parking lights (8.1);
 • the side rails and cross members (2.1, 2.A, 2.B); On the right side of the semi-trailer, from rear • the wheels and their fasteners (12.B, 12.C);
• the suspension* (Section 14). to front, check: • the wheel bearing lubricant (12.1, 12.A).
• the fixed components of the body (2.2);
If some parts were not accessible or visible during
• the semi-trailer’s side rails and cross members * Make sure air is being supplied to the vehicle’s
Step 5, take advantage of this position to check
them. (2.1, 2.A, 2.B); suspension.
• the support and mounting holding the spare
* Make sure air is being supplied to the vehicle’s wheel (if the semi-trailer is so equipped) (12.2). From the right side of the tractor truck, check:
suspension. • the fixed components of the body (2.2);

8. Tractor truck –  • the right rearview mirror (11.2, 11.3);

7. Semi-trailer –  right (passenger) side • the passenger side door (10.A);
right (passenger) side • the exhaust system (16.1);
At the right rear of the tractor truck, check:
Facing the semi-trailer’s rear wheels, check: • the fixed components of the body (2.2); • the side rails and cross members (2.1, 2.A, 2.B);
• the side rail and locking pins of the sliding • the exhaust system (if applicable) (16.1); • the fuel tank (leaks and mountings) (15.A, 15.C);
bogie (if the semi-trailer is so equipped) • the gas or diesel filler cap (15.B).
• the coupling mechanism (fifth wheel)
(2.1, 2A, 2.B, 2.C);
(1.1, 1.B, 1.C, 1.D, 1.F);
• the suspension* (Section 14);
• the coupling plate and the kingpin – visible
• the tires and valves (Section 9); parts (if applicable) (1.A, 1.F);
• the wheels and their fasteners (12.B, 12.C); • the side rails and cross members of the tractor
• the wheel bearing lubricant (12.1, 12.A). truck and the semi-trailer (2.1, 2.A, 2.B);
• the suspension* (Section 14);
* make sure air is being supplied to the vehicle’s
suspension. • the tires and valves (Section 9);

23

Inspection Methods
Semi-Trailer Hitched to a Tractor Truck (List 1)
 Inspection Methods
Semi-Trailer Hitched to a Tractor Truck (List 1)
24

At the right front of the tractor truck and 9. Tractor truck – inside the cab Inspections related to the pneumatic brake system
under the hood, check: (driver’s compartment) are identified in blue in the text below.
• the side rail (2.1, 2.A, 2.B); • Adjust the driver’s seat to the desired position,
as needed (13.1); START THE ENGINE and RELEASE THE PARKING
• the suspension* (Section 14);
BRAKE.
• the tire and valve (Section 9); Check:
• the wheel and its fasteners (12.B, 12.C); • the presence of emergency material (7.1, 7.2);6  Check:
• the wheel bearing lubricant (12.1, 12.A). • the seat belt (13.A); • the low pressure warning devices
• the rearview mirrors (11.2, 11.3); (19.1, 19.2, 19.A)
* Make sure air is being supplied to the suspension. If the low pressure warning devices are not
• the windshield (11.1);
already in operation, pump the brake pedal a
Move to the front, close and latch the hood. • the side windows on each side of the driver’s few times to lower the air pressure in order to
Go back inside the cab to activate the left compartment (11.1); determine, using the pressure gauge, the air
turn signal (flasher), exit the cab and check: • the windshield wipers (6.1, 6.A); pressure at which the warning devices (buzzer,
• the left turn signal (flasher) at the front and • the windshield washer system (6.2); light, visual) are activated. They must activate
rear of the tractor truck as well as the rear of before the air pressure in the system drops to
• the windshield blower (3.1); less than 380 kPa (55 psi).
the semi-trailer (8.1, 8.B);
• the steering wheel (5.1, 5.A); If the low pressure warning devices are in
Go back inside the cab. • the steering column (5.1, 5.A); operation when the vehicle is started, this
• the horn (4.2). check can be carried out without further lowering
the pressure. You must make sure that the air
Make sure the vehicle is stable. pressure is equal to or above 380 kPa (55 psi)
when the warning devices switch off.

6. The vehicle must be equipped with at least three lamps, three reflectors or three flares, failure of which constitutes an offence.
 • the performance of the compressor While watching the pressure gauge, slowly –– Try to delicately move the vehicle forward by
(14.B, 19.B) lower the air pressure until the compressor shifting the transmission into a forward gear
While the engine is idling and the air compressor switches back on. Make sure it switches on (or the highest gear that lets you move the
is operating, fully depress the brake pedal and before the air pressure reaches 550 kPa (80 psi). vehicle forward in the case of a manual
keep it fully depressed. Watch the pressure transmission, e.g. by shifting into third gear).
• If the brakes are cold, take this opportunity to
gauge and make sure the compressor can Make sure the parking brake maintains the
perform the preventive procedure regarding the
reach and maintain air pressure of at least vehicle stationary.
play compensation or the space between the
620 kPa (90 psi).
brake linings for drum brakes with self-adjus- –– Apply the tractor truck’s parking brake and
• the pressure regulator (stopping the
ting brake levers (see sidebar on page 26). release the semi-trailer’s parking brake.
compressor) (19.3)
While the air compressor is still in operation, let Continue with the following inspections: –– Try to once again to delicately move the
the engine run and make sure the compressor vehicle forward. Make sure the parking
• the accelerator (4.1, 4.A);
switches off when the air pressure is between brake maintains the vehicle stationary.
• the semi-trailer’s parking brake (engaging and
805 kPa (117 psi) and 945 kPa (137 psi). –– Release the tractor truck’s parking brake.
releasing) (19.5);
During this step, the engine can be run at a –– Completely release the clutch pedal in the
• the tractor truck’s parking brake (engaging and
slightly higher RPM (approximately 1,000 RPM) case of a manual transmission, or shift into
releasing) (19.5);
in order to increase the air pressure a little forward gear in the case of an automatic
• the clutch control mechanism (if the vehicle is
more quickly. transmission.
equipped with a manual transmission) (4.1);
STOP THE ENGINE and check: • the power steering (5.B);
–– Drive forward slightly while turning the
• for leaks (19.4, 19.C) steering wheel to one side then the other to
• the service brake (19.D):
Press on the brake pedal and keep it depressed make sure that all the wheels turn freely and
–– apply the semi-trailer’s parking brake. that the power steering is operating properly.
while checking for air leaks (visible on the
pressure gauge or audible). –– With the transmission in neutral, press on –– Press on the clutch pedal (if applicable) and
the accelerator without reaching the maximum the brake pedal to stop the vehicle. This will
RESTART THE ENGINE and check: RPM, and release the accelerator to make allow you to make sure the service brake is
• the pressure regulator (starting the sure the engine returns to idle. working properly, as well as the clutch in the
compressor) (19.3)
case of a manual transmission.

25

Inspection Methods
Semi-Trailer Hitched to a Tractor Truck (List 1)
 Inspection Methods
Semi-Trailer Hitched to a Tractor Truck (List 1)
26

Shift the transmission back into neutral, Self-Adjusting Brake Adjustment

apply the parking brake and check:
• the engine’s exhaust system (exhaust gases If your vehicle is equipped with drum
infiltrating the cab if there are holes in the brakes with self-adjusting brake levers,
you can compensate the play (space)
floorboard) (16.A);
between the brake lining and the drum
• the brake lights of both the tractor truck and for optimal braking.
the semi-trailer when safe installations allow
1. Make sure the brakes are cold.
you to do so or with the assistance of a second
person (8.1, 8.B). 2. Release the parking brakes.
3. Bring the system up to maximum air
Fill out the circle check report. pressure (120 psi).
4. Fully depress the brake pedal for
five seconds and then release it
completely. Repeat this step four to
five times.

Although it is not mandatory, you can

incorporate this adjustment into your
circle check when you check the pres-
sure regulator when the compressor
comes on (19.3). If this procedure is not
carried out on a regular basis, you
should probably repeat step 4 more
than five times for maximum play
compensation.
 Example of the inspection method for a school bus (equipped with hydraulic brakes) (List 2)

4 3

1 8

5 8 1 2

6 7

27

Inspection Methods
School Bus (List 2)
 Inspection Methods
School Bus (List 2)
28

1. Approaching the vehicle 2. In front of the bus • the fluid level in the master cylinder reservoir
and preliminary inspections (18.1, 18.A);
Go to the front of the vehicle, unlatch the
in the vehicle hood on the right side and position yourself
• the side rail (2.1, 2.A, 2.B);
Before getting on board: facing the vehicle to check: • the suspension (Section 14);
Check the general condition of the school bus to • the flashing red lights (20.8); • the tire and valve (Section 9);
detect any signs of defects (fluid on the ground, • the front-mounted outside rearview mirrors • the wheel and its fasteners (12.B, 12.C);
sagging vehicle, non-parallel wheels, displaced (11.2, 11.3); • the wheel bearing lubricant (12.1, 12.A).
axle, air leak, missing body component, etc.).
• the low beams (8.1, 8.A);

On board: • the parking lights (8.1);7  4. Left side (front to back)

Make sure the parking brake is engaged. Switch • the right turn signal (flasher) (8.1); Check:
on the low beams, the parking lights, the central • the fixed components of the body (2.2). • the left rearview mirror (11.2, 11.3);
aisle and passenger access lighting and the right • the retractable stop sign (20.7);
turn signal (flasher). Switch on the flashing red Unlatch the left side of the hood, then go
• the alternately flashing lights (on the stop sign)
lights and the retractable stop sign, as well as the back to the front and open it. (20.7);
alternately flashing yellow lights.
• the fixed components of the body (2.2);
• Check to make sure the driver’s door opens and 3. Left front (driver’s side) • the outside doors of luggage or auxiliary
closes (10.1, 10.A).
compartments (if applicable) (2.3);
Move towards the left front wheel and check
under the hood, from top to bottom: • the side rails and cross members (2.1, 2.A, 2.B);
Exit the bus.
• the exhaust system (16.1);
• the power steering fluid level (5.2);
• the suspension (Section 14);
• the power steering pump belt (if applicable)
(5.3); • the tires and valves (Section 9);

7. The parking lights are only mandatory on vehicles 2.03 m wide or less.
 • the wheels and their fasteners (12.B, 12.C); 6. Right side (rear to front) 7. Right front (passenger
• the wheel bearing lubricant (12.1, 12.A). access door side)
Check:
Go to the rear of the bus. • the fixed components of the body (2.2); Under the hood, check:
• the side rails and cross members (2.1, 2.A, 2.B); • the side rail (2.1, 2.A, 2.B);
• the suspension (Section 14);
5. At the rear of the bus • the suspension (Section 14);
• the tire and valve (Section 9);
Facing the rear, check: • the tires and valves (Section 9);
• the wheel and its fasteners (12.B, 12.C);
• the flashing red lights (20.8); • the wheels and their fasteners (12.B, 12.C);
• the wheel bearing lubricant (12.1, 12.A).
• the parking lights (8.1, 8.B); • the wheel bearing lubricant (12.1, 12.A);
• the right turn signal (flasher) (8.1, 8.B); • the exhaust system (16.1); Move towards the front, close the hood and
• the brake lights (if possible) (8.1, 8.B); • the outside doors of the luggage or auxiliary latch the left side, then the right side.
• the licence plate light (8.1); compartments (if applicable) (2.3);
• the fixed components of the body (2.2); • the fuel tank (leaks and mountings) 8. Inside the bus
• the coupling mechanism (if applicable) (15.A, 15.C);
Climb on board the vehicle and check:
(1.1, 1.2, 1.C, 1.F) • the gas or diesel filler cap (15.B);
• the steps of the passenger compartment (20.3);
• the exhaust system (16.1). • the right rearview mirror (11.2, 11.3).
• the presence of emergency material (7.1, 7.2);8 
• the central aisle and passenger access lighting
(20.4).

Close the door.

8. The vehicle must be equipped with at least three emergency triangle reflectors, failure of which is an offence.

29

Inspection Methods
School Bus (List 2)
 Inspection Methods
School Bus (List 2)
30

Switch on the alternately flashing yellow Sit in the driver’s compartment and: Inspections related to the hydraulic brake system
lights and the left turn signal (flasher). • adjust the driver’s seat to the desired position (hydraulic power brakes) are identified in blue in the
(13.1). text below.
As you go to the rear, check:
• the guard panels (20.1); Check: Check:
• the side windows immediately behind the • the seat belt (13.A); • the working condition of the service brake
driver’s compartment (11.4); • the front alternately flashing yellow lights, warning light (18.3);
• the overhead (top) luggage racks in the passen- using the rearview mirrors (20.8); • the working condition of the hydraulic power
ger compartment (20.5); brake boost (18.C);
• the left turn signal (flasher), using the rearview
• the emergency side exits (accessibility only) mirrors (8.1); • leakage and pressure in the braking equipment
(10.B); (18.2, 18.B);
• the outside rearview mirrors (11.2, 11.3);
• the emergency door (10.B, 10.C). –– Make sure the ignition switch is in the “ON”
• the windshield (11.1);
position and that the parking brake is
Open the rear emergency door and check: • the windshield wipers (6.1, 6.A); released (only if the service brake warning
• the emergency door warning buzzer (10.C); • the windshield washer system (6.2); light is the same as the parking brake
• the rear alternately flashing yellow lights • the windshield blower (3.1); warning light).
(20.8); • the steering wheel (5.1, 5.A); –– Check whether the service brake warning
• the left turn signal (flasher) (8.1, 8.B). light is on.
• the steering column (5.1, 5.A);
–– Apply medium pressure on the brake pedal
Close the emergency door and, as you make • the horn (4.2);
and listen to hear if the electric pump is
your way back to the front, check: • the side windows on each side of the driver’s working.
• the passenger seats or benches (20.6); compartment (11.1).
–– Apply medium pressure on the brake pedal
• the floor (20.3). and listen for the sound of the power brake
Make sure the vehicle is stable.
electric pump.
 –– Maintain medium pressure on the brake –– With the transmission in neutral, press on Continue with the following inspections:
pedal for at least 10 seconds. the accelerator without reaching maximum • the engine’s exhaust system (exhaust gases
–– Check whether the brake pedal pushes all RPM, and release the accelerator to make infiltrating into the passenger compartment if
the way to the floor or if you have to pump sure the engine returns to idle. there are holes in the floorboard) (16.A);
it several times before getting any pressure –– Try to delicately move the vehicle forward by • the brake lights (where safe installations allow
in the lines, which can be felt by resistance in shifting the transmission into a forward gear you to do so or with the assistance of a second
the pedal’s movement. (or the highest gear that lets you move the person) (8.1, 8.B).
–– Start the engine. vehicle forward in the case of a manual
transmission, e.g. by shifting into third gear). Fill out the circle check report.
–– Check whether the service brake warning
Make sure the parking brake maintains the
light comes off.
vehicle stationary.

Continue with the following inspections: –– Release the parking brake and check
whether the warning light comes off.
• the parking brake warning light (18.4);
–– Drive forward slowly (by delicately and
• the accelerator (4.1, 4.A); completely releasing the clutch pedal in the
• the parking brake (18.5); case of a manual transmission) and check to
• the clutch control mechanism (in the case of a make sure the wheels are turning freely.
manual transmission) (4.1); –– Turn the steering wheel to one side then the
• the power steering (5.B); other to make the wheels move to make sure
that the power steering is operating
• the service brake (18.D):
properly.
–– Apply the parking brake.
–– Press on the clutch pedal (if applicable) and
–– Check whether the parking brake warning the brake pedal to stop the vehicle. This will
light comes on. allow you to make sure the service brake is
working properly, as well as the clutch in the
case of a manual transmission.

31

Inspection Methods
School Bus (List 2)
 Inspection Methods
Motor Coach (List 3)
32

Example of the inspection method for a motor coach (List 3)

4 3

1 8

5 8 1 2

6 7
 1. Approaching the vehicle 2. In front of the motor coach 4. Left side (front to back)
and preliminary inspections Check: Check:
in the driver’s compartment • the right rearview mirror (11.2, 11.3); • the fixed components of the body (2.2);
Before getting on board: • the low beams (8.1, 8.A);
• the outside doors of the luggage or auxiliary
Check the general condition of the motor coach to • right turn signal (flasher) (8.1); compartments (2.3);
detect any signs of defects (fluid on the ground, • the fixed components of the body (2.2);
• the fuel tank (leaks and mountings) (15.A, 15.C);
sagging vehicle, non-parallel wheels, displaced • the outside doors of the luggage or auxiliary
axle, air leak, missing body component, etc.). compartments (if applicable) (2.3); • the gas or diesel filler cap (15.B);
• the left rearview mirror (11.2, 11.3). • the suspension* (Section 14);
On board: • the tires and valves (Section 9);
Make sure the parking brake is engaged. Switch 3. Left front (driver’s side) • the wheel and its fasteners (12.B, 12.C);
on the low beams, the parking lights, the central
Move towards the left front wheel of the • the wheel bearing lubricant (12.1, 12.A).
aisle and passenger access lighting and the right
vehicle and check, from top to bottom:
turn signal (flasher).
• the suspension* (Section 14); * Make sure air is being supplied to the vehicle’s
• Check to make sure the driver’s door opens and suspension.
• the tire and valve (Section 9);
closes (10.1, 10.A).9 
• the wheel and its fasteners (12.B, 12.C);
Go to the rear of the motor coach.
Exit the motor coach. • the wheel bearing lubricant (12.1, 12.A).

* Make sure air is being supplied to the vehicle’s

suspension.

9. For an optimal inspection, the opening and closing of the doors should be checked once the air reservoirs have been supplied with air.

33

Inspection Methods
Motor Coach (List 3)
 Inspection Methods
Motor Coach (List 3)
34

5. At the rear of the motor 6. Right side (rear to front) 7. Right front (passenger
coach access door side)
Check:
Facing the rear, check: Check:
• the fixed components of the body (2.2);
• the fixed components of the body (2.2); • the suspension* (14.2, 14.B, 14.G);
• the outside doors of the luggage or auxiliary
• the parking lights (8.1, 8.B); compartments (2.3); • the tire and valve (Section 9);
• the right turn signal (flasher) (8.1, 8.B); • the suspension* (Section 14); • the wheel and its fasteners (12.B, 12.C);
• the brake lights (if possible) (8.1, 8.B); • the wheel bearing lubricant (12.1, 12.A).
• the tires and valves (Section 9);
• the licence plate light (8.1);
• the wheels and their fasteners (12.B, 12.C); * Make sure air is being supplied to the
• the coupling mechanism (if applicable)
• the wheel bearing lubricant (12.1, 12.A); vehicle’s suspension.
(1.1, 1.2, 1.C, 1.F).
• the fuel tank (leaks and mountings) (15.A, 15.C);
Go back inside the motor coach to switch on
Open the engine seat and check: • the gas or diesel filler cap (15.B). the left turn signal (flasher), then go back
• the power steering fluid level (5.2); outside to check:
• the power steering pump belt (if applicable) * Make sure air is being supplied to the vehicle’s
• the front and rear turn signal (flasher) (8.1, 8.B).
(5.3); suspension.

• the exhaust system (16.1).

Close the engine compartment.

 8. Inside the motor coach Check: Check:
• the seat belt (13.A); • the low pressure warning devices
Go back inside the motor coach and check:
(19.1, 19.2, 19.A)
• the steps of the passenger compartment (20.3); • the outside rearview mirrors (11.2, 11.3); If the low pressure warning devices are not
• the presence of emergency material (7.1, 7.2).10  • the windshield (11.1); already in operation, pump the brake pedal a
few times to lower the air pressure in order to
• the windshield wipers (6.1, 6.A); determine, using the pressure gauge, the air
As you go to the rear, check:
• the windshield washer system (6.2); pressure at which the warning devices (buzzer,
• the central aisle and passenger access lighting light, visual) are activated. They must activate
(20.4); • the windshield blower (3.1); before the air pressure in the system drops to
• the horizontal bars and guard panels (20.1, 20.2); • the steering wheel (5.1, 5.A); less than 380 kPa (55 psi).
• the overhead (top) luggage racks in the passen- If the low pressure warning devices are in
• the steering column (5.1, 5.A);
ger compartment (20.5); operation when the vehicle is started, this
• the horn (4.2); check can be carried out without further lowe-
• the emergency exits (accessibility only) (10.B).
ring the pressure. You must make sure that the
• the side windows on each side of the driver’s
air pressure is equal to or above 380 kPa (55 psi)
As you make your way back to the front, check: compartment (11.1).
when the warning devices switch off.
• the passenger seats or benches (20.6); • the performance of the compressor
Make sure the vehicle is stable.
• the floor (20.3). (14.B, 19.B)
Inspections related to the pneumatic brake system While the engine is idling and the air compressor
Sit in the driver’s seat and: are identified in blue in the text below. is operating, fully depress the brake pedal and
• adjust the driver’s seat to the desired position keep it fully depressed. Watch the pressure gauge
START THE ENGINE and RELEASE THE PARKING and make sure the compressor can reach and
(13.1).
BRAKE. maintain air pressure of at least 620 kPa (90 psi).

10. The vehicle must be equipped with at least three lamps, three reflectors or three flares, failure of which constitutes an offence.

35

Inspection Methods
Motor Coach (List 3)
 Inspection Methods
Motor Coach (List 3)
36

• the pressure regulator (stopping the play compensation or the space between the –– Release the parking brake.
compressor) (19.3) brake linings for drum brakes with self-adjus- –– Drive forward slowly (by delicately and com-
While the air compressor is still in operation, let ting brake levers (see sidebar on page 37). pletely releasing the clutch pedal in the case
the engine run and make sure the compressor of a manual transmission) and check to make
switches off when the air pressure is between Continue with the following inspections:
sure the wheels are turning freely.
805 kPa (117 psi) and 945 kPa (137 psi). • the accelerator (4.1, 4.A);
–– Turn the steering wheel to one side then the
During this step, the engine can be run at a • the parking brake (engaging and releasing) other to make the wheels move to make sure
slightly higher RPM (approximately 1,000 RPM) (19.5); that the power steering is operating properly.
in order to increase the air pressure a little • the clutch control mechanism (if the vehicle is –– Press on the clutch pedal (if applicable) and
more quickly. equipped with a manual transmission) (4.1); the brake pedal to stop the vehicle. This will
STOP THE ENGINE and check: • the power steering (5.B); allow you to make sure the service brake is
• the service brake (19.D): working properly, as well as the clutch in the
• for leaks (19.4, 19.C)
case of a manual transmission.
Press on the brake pedal and keep it depressed –– apply the parking brake.
while checking for air leaks (visible on the –– With the transmission in neutral, press on Shift the transmission back into neutral,
pressure gauge or audible). the accelerator without reaching the maxi- apply the parking brake and check:
RESTART THE ENGINE and check: mum RPM, and release the accelerator to • the engine’s exhaust system (exhaust gases
make sure the engine returns to idle. infiltrating the cab if there are holes in the
• the pressure regulator (starting the
–– Try to delicately move the vehicle forward by floorboard) (16.A);
compressor) (19.3)
While watching the pressure gauge, slowly shifting the transmission into a forward gear • the brake lights when safe installations allow
lower the air pressure until the compressor (or the highest gear that lets you move the you to do so or with the assistance of a second
switches back on. Make sure it switches on vehicle forward in the case of a manual person (8.1, 8.B).
before the air pressure reaches 550 kPa (80 psi). transmission, e.g. by shifting into third gear).
Make sure the parking brake maintains the Fill out the circle check report.
• If the brakes are cold, take this opportunity to vehicle stationary.
perform the preventive procedure regarding the
 Self-Adjusting Brake Adjustment

If your vehicle is equipped with drum

brakes with self-adjusting brake levers,
you can compensate the play (space)
between the brake lining and the drum
for optimal braking.
1. Make sure the brakes are cold.
2. Release the parking brakes.
3. Bring the system up to maximum air
pressure (120 psi).
4. Fully depress the brake pedal for
five seconds and then release it
completely. Repeat this step four to
five times.

Although it is not mandatory, you can

incorporate this adjustment into your
circle check when you check the pres-
sure regulator when the compressor
comes on (19.3). If this procedure is not
carried out on a regular basis, you
should probably repeat step 4 more
than five times for maximum play
compensation.

37

Inspection Methods
Motor Coach (List 3)
 Circle Check
(Mechanical Component)
38

Introduction Summary tables Photos and illustrations

The presentation of each system begins with Photos and illustrations have been added
During the circle check, you must carry out a a table that summarizes the following points: as examples to make everything easier to
sight and sound inspection of the accessible understand.
components identified in the list of defects Parts covered
that applies to the vehicle you are using. Parts covered by the circle check.
Circle check report
These lists, which include all of the systems Defects Lastly, a sample circle check report is
and mechanical parts to inspect, are appended The minor and major defects that may affect appended to this guide. This document
to this document. the parts covered. A number code (e.g. 1.1) attests to the validity of the circle check
corresponds to a minor defect, whereas an and is used to inform the operator of the
Systems alphanumeric code (e.g. 1.A) corresponds to a results of the inspection and, if applicable,
Each system (coupling, steering, etc.) is desi- major defect. Areas shaded in grey means that any defects that have been detected.
gnated by a colour and a number. This number there are no defects affecting the part covered
corresponds to the one that appears in the list by the inspection.
of defects. Thus, system “1. Coupling Devices”
of the mechanical component corresponds to Vehicles subject to a circle check
the first system that appears on each of the If an “X” appears in a column, this part must
three lists; system “2. Frame and Cargo Body” be inspected for the vehicle to which the list
corresponds to the second system, etc. applies. If the space is shaded in grey, there
are no parts to inspect.
 List of Systems
1. Coupling Devices
2. Frame and Cargo Body
3. Heater/Defroster
4. Driver Controls
5. Steering
6. Windshield Wiper/Washer
7. Emergency Material
8. Headlights and Lights
9. Tires
10. Doors and Other Openings
11. Glass and Mirrors
12. Wheels, Hubs and Fasteners
13. Seat
14. Suspension
15. Fuel System
16. Exhaust System
17. Electric Brake System
18. Hydraulic Brake System
19. Pneumatic Brake System
39 20. Passenger Transport
 Mechanical Component
Coupling Devices 1
40

1   Coupling Devices
This section concerns all types of coupling devices (fifth wheel, hook and ring, gooseneck, ball and hitch, etc.).

Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Fifth wheel fasteners (nuts and bolts) 1.B

1.1 X
1.C
Sliding fifth wheel locking pins 1.D X
Fixed or sliding
fifth wheel Components of the fifth wheel
coupling device (lower coupling plate, mounting angles, 1.F X
(see Figures 1 jaws, support)
and 2) Upper coupling plate and kingpin 1.A
X
1.F
Fifth wheel jaws and the jaw locking 1.E
X
mechanism indicator 1.F

FIGURE 1  ❙  Fifth wheel FIGURE 2  ❙  Coupling plate and kingpin

 Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Hook and ring fasteners

1.1 1.C X X X
(e.g. nuts and bolts)
Components of the coupling device
Hook and ring 1.F X X X
(drawbar ring, pintle hook)
coupling device
(see Figure 3) Safety fasteners and their coupling
components (e.g. steel cables, chains,
1.2 X X X
hooks, rings to which the chains
must be attached, etc.)

FIGURE 3  ❙  Hook and ring

41
Mechanical Component
Coupling Devices 1
 Mechanical Component
Coupling Devices 1
42

Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Coupling device fasteners

1.1 1.C X X X
(e.g. nuts and bolts)
Other coupling
devices, e.g. Components of the coupling device
1.F X X X
gooseneck, ball (e.g. ball, hitch)
and hitch
Safety fasteners and their coupling
(see Figures 4
components (e.g. steel cables, chains,
and 5) 1.2 X X X
hooks, rings to which the chains must
be attached, etc.)

FIGURE 4  ❙  Gooseneck FIGURE 5  ❙  Ball and hitch

 Fixed or Sliding Fifth Wheel Coupling Device

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Fifth wheel fasteners (nuts and bolts) 1.1 When the vehicle is hitched, 20% or 1.C When the vehicle is hitched, more
less of the parts fastening the fifth wheel than 20% of the parts fastening the fifth
On both sides of the vehicle, facing the to the tractor frame are missing, broken or wheel to the vehicle frame are missing,
fifth wheel loose on an anchorage.* broken or loose on an anchorage.*

Inspect the mounting angle and check for the

* The notion of 20% must be applied individually to each
presence and condition of the nuts and bolts
anchorage.
that fasten the fifth wheel to the vehicle frame
(see Figures 6 and 7, page 44).
EXAMPLE of a minor defect:
2 out of a total of 10 bolts are broken EXAMPLE of a major defect: 1 bolt
on the anchorage on the left side (= is loose and 2 bolts are broken out
20%) and 2 out of a total of 10 bolts of a total of 10 bolts on the same
are loose on the anchorage on the anchorage.
right side (= 20%).

1.1 When the vehicle is unhitched, 1.B When the vehicle is hitched,
one or more parts fastening the fifth there is some movement between a fifth
wheel are missing, broken or loose. wheel fastener (mounting angle) and
the vehicle’s frame.

43
Mechanical Component
Coupling Devices 1
 Mechanical Component
Coupling Devices 1
44

Fixed or Sliding Fifth Wheel Coupling Device

FIGURE 6  ❙  Fifth wheel fasteners FIGURE 7  ❙  Fifth wheel fasteners

Anchorage

Mounting angle
(anchorage)
Mounting angle
(anchorage)

Fasteners: vertical bolts (green) and horizontal bolts (blue)

 Fixed or Sliding Fifth Wheel Coupling Device

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Sliding fifth wheel locking pins 1.D When the vehicle is hitched, 25%
or more of the locking pins of a sliding
On both sides of the vehicle facing the fifth wheel are missing or inoperative
sliding fifth wheel (see Figure 8).
• Check for the presence of the locking pins.
Some fifth wheels have 2 locking pins
• Make sure the pins are in the locked position.
and others have 4. In these cases, there
is a major defect as soon as one locking
pin is missing or inoperative, as the 25%
threshold will have been reached.

FIGURE 8  ❙ The fifth wheel locking pin is inopera-

tive because it is not in the locked
position.

45
Mechanical Component
Coupling Devices 1
 Mechanical Component
Coupling Devices 1
46

Fixed or Sliding Fifth Wheel Coupling Device

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Components of the fifth wheel 1.F When the vehicle is hitched,

(e.g. lower coupling plate, a component of the fifth wheel is cracked,
mounting angles, jaws, support) bent or deteriorated* to the point that
there is a risk of breakage or separation
On both sides of the vehicle, from the combination of vehicles.
facing the fifth wheel
* For example, broken or worn.
• Inspect the visible parts of the fifth wheel
components (see Figure 9).

FIGURE 9  ❙  Components of the fifth wheel

Lower coupling Jaws Mounting
plate Support (also see Figure 11) angle
 Fixed or Sliding Fifth Wheel Coupling Device

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Upper coupling plate and kingpin 1.A The coupling plate or kingpin is so bent
that it adversely affects hitching, or is
On both sides of the semi-trailer, facing cracked or improperly secured.
the fifth wheel 1.F When the vehicle is hitched, the coupling
• Inspect the visible parts of the upper plate or kingpin is deteriorated* to the point
coupling plate and kingpin underneath that there is a risk of breakage or separation
the semi-trailer. from the combination of vehicles.
* For example, broken or worn.

FIGURE 10  ❙  Upper coupling plate and kingpin

Upper coupling Kingpin

plate

47
Mechanical Component
Coupling Devices 1
 Mechanical Component
Coupling Devices 1
48

Fixed or Sliding Fifth Wheel Coupling Device

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Fifth wheel jaws and the jaw locking 1.E When the vehicle is hitched,
mechanism indicator the jaws are not completely closed behind
the kingpin.
Behind the tractor truck (under the 1.F When the vehicle is hitched,
semi-trailer when the vehicle is hitched) the jaw locking mechanism is not
• Using a flashlight, inspect the fifth wheel engaged.
jaws to make sure they are properly closed
(see Figure 11).

On the side of the vehicle, facing the fifth

wheel
• Inspect the locking mechanism indicator
(bolt located in front of the fifth wheel) and
check the position of the locking handle(s)
(see Figure 12).
 Fixed or Sliding Fifth Wheel Coupling Device
FIGURE 11  ❙  Fifth wheel jaws FIGURE 12  ❙ Fifth wheel (locking mechanism indicator and locking handle)

Locking mechanism
indicator Locking handle

Kingpin Jaws

49
Mechanical Component
Coupling Devices 1
 Mechanical Component
Coupling Devices 1
50

Hook and Ring Coupling Device

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Hook and ring fasteners 1.1 When the vehicles are unhitched, 1.C When the vehicles are hitched, more
(e.g. nuts and bolts) one or more of the fasteners are missing, than 20% of the fasteners that attach the
broken or loose. coupling device to the vehicle are missing,
On both sides of the combination of vehicles 1.1 When the vehicles are hitched, 20% broken or loose.
• Inspect the parts that attach the hook and or less of the fasteners that attach the
ring to the vehicles (see Figure 13). coupling device to the vehicle are missing,
broken or loose.

FIGURE 13  ❙  Hook and ring fasteners

 Hook and Ring Coupling Device

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Components of the coupling device 1.F When the vehicles are hitched,
(drawbar ring, pintle hook) a component of the coupling device is mis-
sing, not securely mounted, cracked, bent
On both sides of the combination or
of vehicles deteriorated* to the point that there is a
• Inspect the coupling device on the tractor risk of breakage or separation of the
vehicle (e.g. pintle hook, pintle hook locking combination of vehicles.
mechanism) and the trailer (e.g. drawbar ring).
* For example, broken or worn.
Important! A converter dolly uses two types
of coupling devices: a fifth wheel and a pintle A missing or inoperative pintle hook
hook/drawbar ring. Both must be checked locking mechanism is a major defect,
(see Figure 14). as there is a risk of separation of the
combination of vehicles.

FIGURE 14  ❙  Converter dolly

51
Mechanical Component
Coupling Devices 1
 Mechanical Component
Coupling Devices 1
52

Hook and Ring Coupling Device

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Safety fasteners and their coupling 1.2 A safety fastener or a coupling component
components (e.g. steel cable, chain, is missing, deteriorated* or improperly
hook, ring to which the chain must attached.
be attached)
* For example, broken or worn.
Between the tractor vehicle
and the trailer Under the Highway Safety Code, safety
fasteners and their coupling components
• Inspect the safety fasteners and coupling
are mandatory when the trailer is not
components (see Figure 15).
equipped with emergency brakes that
enable the trailer to be stopped in the
event of separation.

FIGURE 15  ❙  Safety fasteners and their coupling components

 Other Coupling Devices (e.g. gooseneck, ball and hitch)

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Coupling device fasteners 1.1 When the vehicles are unhitched, 1.C When the vehicles are hitched, more
(e.g. nuts and bolts) one or more of the fasteners are missing, than 20% of the fasteners that attach the
broken or loose. coupling device to the vehicle are missing,
On both sides of the combination 1.2 When the vehicles are hitched, 20% broken or loose.
of vehicles or less of the fasteners that attach the
• Inspect the parts that attach the coupling coupling device to the vehicle are missing,
device to the vehicle (see Figures 16 and 17). broken or loose.

FIGURE 16  ❙  Gooseneck coupling device FIGURE 17  ❙  Ball and hitch coupling device

Fasteners

Fasteners

53
Mechanical Component
Coupling Devices 1
 Mechanical Component
Coupling Devices 1
54

Other Coupling Devices (e.g. gooseneck, ball and hitch)

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Components of the coupling device 1.F When the vehicles are hitched, a
(e.g. ball, hitch) component of the coupling device is missing,
not securely mounted, cracked, bent or
On both sides of the combination deteriorated* to the point that there is a risk
of vehicles of breakage or separation of the combination
• Inspect the coupling device on the tractor of vehicles.
vehicle and the trailer. * For example, broken or worn.

A coupling device locking mechanism

that is missing or inoperative is a major
defect as there is a risk of separation of
the combination of vehicles.

Safety fasteners and their coupling 1.2 A safety fastener or a coupling component is
components (e.g. steel cable, chain, missing, deteriorated* or improperly attached.
hook, ring to which the chain must
be attached) * For example, broken or worn.

Between the tractor vehicle Under the Highway Safety Code, safety
and the trailer fasteners and their coupling components
are mandatory when the trailer is not
• Inspect the safety fasteners and coupling
equipped with emergency brakes that
components (see Figure 15, page 52).
enable the trailer to be stopped in the
event of separation.
 2   Frame and Cargo Body
Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Side rails and cross members 2.A

2.1 X X
2.B
Locking pins that secure a sliding bogie under the semi-trailer 2.C X
Fixed components of the body 2.2 X X X
Outside doors of the luggage compartments and auxiliary
2.3 X X
compartments

FIGURE 18  ❙  Frame (side rails and cross members) FIGURE 19  ❙  Monocoque frame
Upper side
rail
Cross members

Side rails

Lower side
rail

55
Mechanical Component
Frame and Cargo Body 2
 Mechanical Component
Frame and Cargo Body 2
56

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Side rails and cross members 2.1 The side rail web is cracked. 2.A A side rail is in danger of breaking.
2.1 The side rail flange is cracked. 2.B A side rail or cross member sags and
Around the vehicle or combination makes a moving part* come into contact
of vehicles 2.1 A cross member is cracked or broken.
with the body.
• Inspect the visible sections of the side rails
and cross members (see Figure 20). * For example, tires, wheels, steering or
suspension components.

FIGURE 20  ❙  Side rail and cross member

Web

Cross member

Flange
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Locking pins that secure a sliding bogie 2.C More than 25% of the locking pins are
under the semi-trailer missing or not in the locked position.

Outside the vehicle, on both sides of the

semi-trailer’s wheels
• Make sure the locking pins are present and in
the locked position (see Figure 21).

FIGURE 21  ❙  Sliding bogie

Locking pins of
the sliding bogie

Locking bar

57
Mechanical Component
Frame and Cargo Body 2
 Mechanical Component
Frame and Cargo Body 2
58

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Fixed components of the body 2.2 A fixed component of the body is missing
or improperly mounted.
Around the vehicle
• Inspect the fixed components of the body
such as the body panels, fenders and
bumpers.

THIS SECTION ONLY APPLIES TO BUSES AND MOTOR COACHES

Outside doors of the luggage compart- 2.3 An outside door of a luggage compartment
ments and auxiliary compartments or auxiliary compartment is inadequate* or
improperly mounted to the road vehicle.
Around the vehicle
* An outside door of a luggage compartment
• Inspect the doors of the luggage compart- or auxiliary compartment is inadequate
ments and auxiliary compartments*, if the when it does not close or is not in proper
vehicle is so equipped. working order.
* An auxiliary compartment is a compart-
ment in which, for example, tools
or vehicle maintenance equipment
can be stored.
 3   Heater/Defroster
The windshield blower is the component that must be checked in this section.

Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Windshield blower 3.1 X X X

FIGURE 22  ❙  Blower controls

Windshield
blower
controls

59
Mechanical Component
Heater/Defroster 3
 Mechanical Component
Heater/Defroster 3
60

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Windshield blower 3.1 The windshield blower does not work.

In the driver’s compartment Since it is the working order of the

• Switch on the blower and direct the air flow windshield blower that must be
toward the windshield. checked by the driver during the circle
check, it is not necessary to run the
• Check whether the air blows onto the engine and wait for the air to warm up
windshield. for this inspection.

Only the components provided by the It should be noted, however, that under
manufacturer are covered by this inspec- section 265 of the Highway Safety Code,
tion. Auxiliary systems, such as fans the windshield must be free of any
installed in buses, are not concerned. material that may reduce visibility for
the driver (e.g. fog, snow, frost).
 4   Driver Controls
The brake pedal is covered in Sections 17, 18 and 19.

Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Accelerator 4.1 4.A X X X

Clutch 4.1 X X X
Horn 4.2 X X X

61
Mechanical Component
Driver Controls 4
 Mechanical Component
Driver Controls 4
62

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Accelerator 4.1 The engine does not accelerate or does 4.A The engine does not return to idle after
not return to idle in a normal manner the accelerator is released.
In the driver’s compartment when the accelerator is released.
• Make sure the parking brake is engaged,
the transmission is in neutral (N) and that
the engine is running.
• Press on the accelerator (but not
to maximum RPM).
• Release the accelerator.
• Make sure the engine returns to idle by
watching the tachometer or, in the absence
of a tachometer, by listening to the sound
of the engine.
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Clutch 4.1 The clutch mechanism is not in proper

Manual (standard) transmissions only working order.

In the driver’s compartment

• Make sure the parking brake is engaged.
• Make sure the transmission is in neutral (N).
• Press on the clutch pedal and start the
engine.
• Put the gearshift lever into a gear (forward).
• Release the parking brake.
• Let the vehicle move forward by delicately
and completely releasing the clutch pedal.
• Press the clutch pedal once again and apply
the brakes to stop the vehicle.
• Shift the transmission into neutral and
apply the parking brake.

Note: This inspection can be carried out at the

same time as the parking brake release check.

63
Mechanical Component
Driver Controls 4
 Mechanical Component
Driver Controls 4
64

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Horn 4.2 The horn does not work.

In the driver’s compartment If the vehicle is equipped with two

• Activate the horn. horns, the driver is required to check at
least one of them.
 5   Steering
Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Power steering pump reservoir 5.2 X X X

Power steering pump belt 5.3 X X X
Power steering 5.B X X X
Steering column 5.1 5.A X X X
Steering wheel 5.1 5.A X X X

65
Mechanical Component
Steering 5
 Mechanical Component
Steering 5
66

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Power steering pump reservoir 5.2 The fluid level in the reservoir is lower
than the minimum level or higher than
In the engine compartment the maximum level prescribed by the
• Check the fluid level in the power steering manufacturer.
pump reservoir (see Figure 23).
This inspection can be carried out by
If you have to open the power steering checking the gauge or the indicators on
reservoir because the fluid level cannot the reservoir.
be checked from the exterior, take cer-
tain precautions to avoid introducing
any contaminants into the fluid.

FIGURE 23  ❙  Power steering pump reservoir

 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Power steering pump belt 5.3 The power steering pump belt is cut.

In the engine compartment Most heavy vehicles are not equipped

• Inspect the power steering pump belt if with a belt-driven power steering pump.
the vehicle is equipped with one and if
it is accessible (see Figure 24).

FIGURE 24  ❙  Power steering pump belts

Power steering
pump belts

67
Mechanical Component
Steering 5
 Mechanical Component
Steering 5
68

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Power steering 5.B The power steering does not work.

In the driver’s compartment, while the A steering wheel that is difficult to turn
engine is running may be a sign that the power steering
• Turn the steering wheel from side to side so is not working.
as to move the wheels.

For certain types of vehicles, it may be

necessary for the vehicle to move
forward slightly to check the power
steering.

Steering column 5.1 The steering column moves from its 5.A The steering column moves from its
normal position. normal position and there is a risk of
In the driver’s compartment separation.
• Try to move the steering wheel in all directions
(see Figure 25).
 FIGURE 25  ❙  Steering column

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Steering wheel 5.1 The adjustable steering wheel does not 5.A The steering wheel moves from its normal
remain in the set position. position because it is improperly mounted
In the driver’s compartment on the steering column and there is a risk
• Try to move the steering wheel in all directions of separation.
(solidity).
• If the steering wheel’s position is adjustable,
make sure it remains in the set position.

69
Mechanical Component
Steering 5
 Mechanical Component
Windshield Wiper/Washer 6
70

6   Windshield Wiper/Washer
These defects must be taken into account at all times, not only in bad weather.

Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Windshield wipers 6.1 6.A X X X

Windshield washer system 6.2 X X X
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Windshield wipers 6.1 The wiper on the passenger’s side: 6.A The wiper on the driver’s side:
In the driver’s compartment • is missing; • is missing;

• Check for the presence of windshield wipers. • is not working; • is not working;
• Switch on the wipers. • does not sweep the windshield effectively. • does not sweep the windshield effectively.
• Check the effectiveness of the wiper blades.

Windshield washer system 6.2 The windshield washer system does

not clean the windshield effectively
In the driver’s compartment (for example, the washer fluid spray nozzle
• Switch on the windshield washer system. is improperly adjusted or blocked, or little
• Check whether the windshield washer or no washer fluid sprays out when the
system sprays washer fluid onto the spray is activated.
windshield.

It is recommended that the driver make

sure to always have enough washer
fluid before taking a vehicle out on the
road. The driver can take advantage of
the time taken to carry out the outside
inspections to check the windshield
washer fluid level. Some vehicles are
even equipped with a low washer fluid
warning light.

71
Mechanical Component
Windshield Wiper/Washer 6
 Mechanical Component
Emergency Material 7
72

7   Emergency Material
Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Flares, triangle reflectors or lamps Wider than 2 m

(where required by law or regulation)* Not subject to a defect, Wider Wider
and other
but an offence than 2 m than 2 m
regulations*
First aid kit and its mountings
7.1 X X X
(where required by law or regulation)**
Chemical fire extinguisher and its mountings
7.2 X X X
(where required by law or regulation)**

* Examples of legislation in effect requiring flares, triangle reflectors or lamps (see Figures 26, 27 and 28):
• The Highway Safety Code requires that a vehicle wider than 2 m be equipped with flares, reflectors or lamps.
• The Regulation respecting vehicles used for the transportation of school children requires school buses to be equipped with at least three triangle reflectors
in proper working order.
• The Regulation respecting road vehicles adapted for the transportation of handicapped persons requires vehicles to be equipped with at least three red
emergency lamps or reflectors or three fluorescent triangles.

** Examples of legislation in effect requiring a first aid kit or a chemical fire extinguisher:
• The Regulation respecting vehicles used for the transportation of school children
• The Transportation of Dangerous Substances Regulation
• The Regulation respecting road vehicles adapted for the transportation of handicapped persons
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Flares, triangle reflectors or lamps

(where required by law or regulation)

Inside the vehicle

Not subject to a defect but an offence.
• Make sure there are at least three flares,
three triangle reflectors or three lamps
(see Figures 26, 27 and 28).

FIGURE 26  ❙  Triangle reflectors FIGURE 27  ❙  Flares FIGURE 28  ❙  Lamps

73
Mechanical Component
Emergency Material 7
 Mechanical Component
Emergency Material 7
74

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

First aid kit and its mountings 7.1 The first aid kit is not securely mounted or
(where required by law or regulation) difficult to access.

Inside the vehicle

• Make sure the kit is accessible and securely
attached.

Checking the contents of the first aid kit

is not required as part of the circle check,
but is required by other regulations.

Chemical fire extinguisher and its 7.2 The chemical fire extinguisher is not securely
mountings (where required by law mounted, inadequate* or difficult to access.
or regulation)
* A chemical extinguisher is inadequate
Inside the vehicle when it is not equipped with a pressure
gauge or on which the pressure gauge
• Make sure the extinguisher is accessible
indicates “Refill” or “Zero”.
and securely attached.
• Read the pressure gauge.
 8   Headlights and Lights
Lights that are specific to school buses, namely the flashing red lights, the alternately flashing yellow lights and the flashing lights on the stop sign, are presented
in Section 20.

Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Low beams 8.1 8.A X X X

Parking lights (front and rear) 8.1 8.B X X X
Turn signal lights (flashers) 8.1 8.B X X X
Brake lights 8.1 8.B X X X
Rear licence plate light 8.1 X X X

75
Mechanical Component
Headlights and Lights 8
 Mechanical Component
Headlights and Lights 8
76

FIGURE 29  ❙ Headlights and front FIGURE 30  ❙ Rear lights FIGURE 31  ❙ Rear lights of a semi-trailer FIGURE 32  ❙ Headlights and front lights
lights of a truck of a truck of a school bus
Alternately flashing
yellow lights

Turn signal lights

Flashing
red lights
Parking lights

Turn signal lights and brake

lights combined Low
beams

Low Brake lights, parking lights Turn signal lights

beams and turn signal lights combined

FIGURE 33  ❙  Rear lights of a school bus FIGURE 34  ❙ Headlights and front lights of a motor coach FIGURE 35  ❙ Rear lights of a motor coach
Alternately flashing
yellow lights

Flashing Brake lights and parking

red lights lights combined

Brake
lights Low beams
Turn signal lights
and parking lights
Turn signal lights combined
Turn signal lights
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Low beams1 8.1 One of the low beams does not work. 8.A None of the low beams work.

In the driver’s compartment

• Switch on the low beams
(see Figures 29, 32 and 34, page 76).

Outside the vehicle

• Check the front right and front left low
beams.

Make sure the high beams are not

activated to do this check.

1. A vehicle complies with the Highway Safety Code if it is equipped with one right front white headlight and one left front white headlight.

77
Mechanical Component
Headlights and Lights 8
 Mechanical Component
Headlights and Lights 8
78

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Parking lights2-3 8.1 For a single-unit vehicle, one of the rear 8.B None of the rear parking lights work for
parking lights does not work. a single-unit vehicle or the last vehicle in
In the driver’s compartment a combination of vehicles.
8.1 When the vehicle is hitched, one or
• Switch on the parking lights both of the rear parking lights do not work
(see Figures 30, 31, 33 and 35 on page 76, for the tractor vehicle or the first semi-trailer
and Figure 36 below). of a double road train or one of the parking
lights does not work for the last vehicle.
Outside the vehicle
8.1 One or both front parking lights do not
• Check the vehicle’s front and rear parking work.
lights. For a combination of vehicles, check
these lights for every vehicle.

FIGURE 36  ❙ Front parking lights of a vehicle that is

2.03 m wide or less.

Parking lights

2. Front parking lights are only mandatory on vehicles that are 2.03 m wide less.
3. A vehicle complies with the Highway Safety Code if it is equipped with one right rear parking light and one left rear parking light.
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Turn signal lights (flashers)4 8.1 One or both of the front turn signal lights 8.B On a single-unit vehicle or the last vehicle
do not work. of a combination of vehicles:*
In the driver’s compartment 8.1 When the vehicle is hitched, one or • none of the rear right turn signal lights
• Switch on the turn signal lights on one side both of the rear turn signal lights on the work;
and the other (see Figures 29 to 35, page 76). tractor vehicle or the first semi-trailer of • none of the rear left turn signal lights
a double road train do not work. work.
Outside the vehicle
8.1 On single-unit vehicle with a GVWR of
• Check the vehicle’s front and rear turn signal less than 4,500 kg, or on the last vehicle * This defect only applies to single-unit
lights. In the case of a combination of vehicles, of a combination where this vehicle has a vehicles with a GVWR of 4,500 kg
the turn signal lights of each vehicle have GVWR of less than 4,500 kg, one or both or more and the last vehicle in a
to be checked. rear turn signal lights does not work. combination of vehicles if that vehicle
has a GVWR of 4,500 kg or more.

4. A vehicle complies with the Highway Safety Code if it is equipped with a front right turn signal light, a front left turn signal light, a rear right turn signal light and a rear left turn signal light.

79
Mechanical Component
Headlights and Lights 8
 Mechanical Component
Headlights and Lights 8
80

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects
Brake lights5 8.1 For a single-unit vehicle, one of the brake 8.B None of the brake lights work for a
lights does not switch on. single-unit vehicle or for the last vehicle
In the driver’s compartment 8.1 When the vehicle is hitched, one or of a combination of vehicles.
• Press on the brake pedal. both of the brake lights do not switch on
• Make sure the brake lights switch on for the tractor vehicle or the first semi-trailer
(see Figures 30, 31, 33 and 35, page 76). of a double road train or one of the brake
lights does not switch on for the last vehicle.
This inspection must only be carried out
when it is safe to do so, for example For a vehicle with two or more brake
with the help of another person or lights on each side, there is no defect if
when installations allow the driver to at least one of the lights on each side
see the reflection of the brake lights. switches on.

Rear licence plate light 8.1 The rear licence plate light does not work.

At the rear of the vehicle or at the rear In the case of combination of vehicles,
of the last vehicle of a combination of the last vehicle must be equipped with
vehicles a white light located so as to illuminate
• Check the licence plate light the licence plate.
(see Figures 31, 33 and 35, page 76).

5. A vehicle complies with the Highway Safety Code if it is equipped with one right rear brake light and one left rear brake light.
 9   Tires
Only tires on a weight-bearing axle must be checked. Checking the tires on the auxiliary lift axle during the circle check is also recommended if there are plans
to use them before the next circle check.

Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Grooves in the tread 9.1 9.A X X X

Tread and sidewall 9.2 9.B
9.3 9.C X X X
9.4 9.D
Tire valves 9.5 X X X

81
Mechanical Component
Tires 9
 Mechanical Component
Tires 9
82

FIGURE 37  ❙  Grooves in the tread

Tread wear indicators

Tread wear
indicator markers

FIGURE 38  ❙  Single tire FIGURE 39  ❙  Dual tires on single wheel assembly

Tread
Sidewall

Tread

Sidewall
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Grooves in the tread All tires on a vehicle or combination For a tire on the steering axle of a
of vehicles motor vehicle with a GVWR of 4,500 kg
Around the vehicle or more
• Check the depth of the grooves in the tread 9.1 A tire’s tread wear indicator touches the 9.A The depth of two adjacent grooves is
(see Figure 37, page 82). roadway or the depth of a groove is equal equal to or less than the tread wear
to or less than the tread wear indicator.6 indicator.6

Tread and sidewall When one of the dual tires on the same When a single tire or both tires on the
wheel assembly shows: same wheel assembly show:
Around the vehicle 9.2 Foreign material embedded in the tread or 9.B A foreign body embedded in the tread or
• Check the general condition of the tires sidewall that could cause a puncture. sidewall that could cause a puncture.
(wear, damage, presence of foreign 9.3 A cut, wear or any other damage that 9.C A cut, wear or any other damage that
material, bulging).
causes the cord or steel belt to be causes the cord or steel belt to be
Note: Remember to inspect the tread on the exposed. exposed.
entire visible part of the tire. For all tires: For all tires:

It may be difficult to see that one of the dual 9.4 A tire shows abnormal deformation 9.D A tire touches a fixed component of the
tires is flat when the second tire in the same (see Figure 40, page 84). vehicle.
wheel assembly is in good condition. Thus,
to check whether one of the dual tires is flat,
it is recommended to strike it with a hammer
or similar object.

6. Considering that the tread wear indicator is set at 1.6 mm.

83
Mechanical Component
Tires 9
 Mechanical Component
Tires 9
84

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

9.4 The tread or rubber compound of the 9.D A tire shows an air leak or is flat.
sidewall is separated from the carcass 9.D A tire shows a bulge related to a carcass
of a tire. defect (see Figure 41).

FIGURE 40  ❙ Tire showing abnormal FIGURE 41  ❙ Tire showing a bulge related to a
deformation carcass defect
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Tire valves 9.5 The tire valve is worn or damaged

(e.g. scraped or cut).
Around the vehicle
• Check the condition of the tire valves.

85
Mechanical Component
Tires 9
 Mechanical Component
Doors and Other Openings 10
86

10   Doors and Other Openings

Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Cab doors 10.1 10.A X X X

Emergency exits (doors, windows, roof hatch) and emergency door 10.B
X X
warning buzzer or light 10.C
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Cab doors* 10.1 The driver’s side door does not open or 10.A A cab door does not engage completely
is difficult to open from both inside and when it is closed.
From outside and inside the vehicle outside the vehicle.
• Check whether the driver’s side door opens
and closes properly.
• Check whether all cab doors are completely
engaged when they are closed.

* Only the doors designed to allow passen-

gers to board and unboard the vehicle are
covered. The sleeper berth doors are not
included in this inspection.

It is only necessary to open and close the

driver’s side door. For the other cab doors,
it is only necessary to make sure they are
completely engaged.
If a door does not appear to be comple-
tely engaged, applying pressure on it
may suffice to check whether it can
engage completely. If in doubt, the
door can be opened and closed again
to make sure it engages completely.

87
Mechanical Component
Doors and Other Openings 10
 Mechanical Component
Doors and Other Openings 10
88

THIS SECTION ONLY APPLIES TO BUSES AND MOTOR COACHES

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor defects Major defects

Emergency exits (doors, windows, roof 10.B An emergency exit is obstructed.

hatch) and emergency door warning
buzzer or light Any object or installation that hampers
access to the emergency exit is conside-
Inside the vehicle red an obstruction.

• Check whether the emergency exits are

accessible. 10.C An emergency door is inadequate or the
• Open the emergency doors and make sure
warning buzzer or light is inoperative.
the warning buzzer or light is working.
There is a major defect only when the
warning buzzer or light of an emergency
door is inoperative.
 11   Glass and Mirrors
Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Windshield 11.1 X X X
Side windows of the driver’s compartment 11.1 X X X
Side windows on both sides of and directly behind School buses
11.4
the driver’s compartment only
Outside rearview mirrors 11.3 X X X
Mandatory outside rearview mirrors 11.2 X X X

89
Mechanical Component
Glass and Mirrors 11
 Mechanical Component
Glass and Mirrors 11
90

FIGURE 42  ❙  Rearview mirrors on a truck FIGURE 43  ❙  Rearview mirrors on a school bus

Mandatory
rearview
mirrors

Mandatory Mandatory
rearview rearview
mirrors mirrors

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Windshield 11.1 The windshield is tarnished, cloudy or

broken in a way that reduces the driver’s
In the driver’s compartment vision of the road or road signs and
• Inspect the windshield and make sure its signals.
condition does not hamper the driver’s vision
of the road and road signs and signals.
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects
Side windows of the driver’s 11.1 A side window on either side of the
compartment driver’s compartment is tarnished,
cloudy, obstructed, crazed or cracked
In the driver’s compartment in a way that reduces the driver’s vision
• Inspect the side windows on each side of the of the road or road signs and signals.
driver’s compartment to make sure their
condition does not hamper the driver’s vision
of the road and road signs and signals.

THIS SECTION ONLY APPLIES TO SCHOOL BUSES AND MINIBUSES

Side windows on both sides of 11.4 A side window on either side and
and directly behind the driver’s directly behind the driver’s compartment
compartment is tarnished, cloudy, obstructed, crazed
or cracked in a way that reduces the
Inside the vehicle driver’s vision of the road or road signs
• Inspect the side windows on each side of and and signals.
directly behind the driver’s compartment to
make sure their condition does not hamper
visibility of the road and road signs and
signals.

91
Mechanical Component
Glass and Mirrors 11
 Mechanical Component
Glass and Mirrors 11
92

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Outside rearview mirrors For all outside rearview mirrors

11.3 An outside rearview mirror is not securely
Outside the vehicle mounted or shows a sharp edge.*
• Inspect the mountings of all the rearview
* A sharp edge means a pointed or cutting
mirrors and make sure they do not show edge that could injure someone riding in
any sharp edges. the vehicle or a pedestrian.

Mandatory outside rearview mirrors For all mandatory outside rearview

mirrors
Outside the vehicle and inside
the driver’s compartment 11.2 A mandatory outside mirror is missing,
broken, cracked or tarnished.
• Check whether the rearview mirrors are
present and in good condition. 11.2 A mandatory outside mirror cannot be
adjusted to the desired position or does
• Make sure that each mirror is adjusted
not remain in the set position.
for safe driving and that it remains
in that position.
Mandatory rearview mirrors:
• Make sure a rearview mirror is mounted on
the exterior on both sides of the vehicle.
• In addition, in the case of a school bus or
minibus, make sure the vehicle is equipped
with a front-mounted convex outside mirror
on both sides of the vehicle.
The mandatory outside rearview mirrors
require additional inspections.
 12   Wheels, Hubs and Fasteners
Only wheels on a weight-bearing axle must be checked. Inspecting the wheels on the auxiliary lift axle during the circle check is also recommended if there are
plans to use them before the next circle check.

Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Wheels (discs, spokes and rims) 12.C X X X

Wheel fasteners (bolts, wheel rim clamps, wheel studs and nuts) 12.B X X X
Wheel bearings (lubricant level in the wheel hubs and seals) 12.1 12.A X X X
Spare wheel support and fasteners 12.2 X X X

93
Mechanical Component
Wheels, Hubs and Fasteners 12
 Mechanical Component
Wheels, Hubs and Fasteners 12
94

FIGURE 44  ❙  Budd wheel FIGURE 45  ❙  Spoke wheel

Rim Nut
clamp
Stud

Spoke

Nut

Stud

Disc

Rim Rim
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Wheels (discs, spokes and rims) 12.C A wheel is cracked, broken or shows an
indication of repair or welding.
Around the vehicle 12.C One of the stud holes is widened or
• Check the condition of the visible parts oval-shaped.
of the wheels (discs, spokes and rims).

Wheel fasteners (bolts, wheel rim 12.B A wheel fastener is missing, cracked,
clamps, wheel studs and nuts) broken or not securely fixed.

Around the vehicle

• Check for the presence and condition of
the wheel fasteners.

Adopt a position that allows you to check

wheel fasteners that may be concealed
by the wheel hub.

95
Mechanical Component
Wheels, Hubs and Fasteners 12
 Mechanical Component
Wheels, Hubs and Fasteners 12
96

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Wheel bearings (lubricant level in the 12.1 The wheel lubricant is below the mini- 12.A The wheel bearing lubricant is not
wheel hubs and seals) mum level when visible through a sight visible through a sight glass.
glass.
Around the vehicle Regardless of whether the wheel hub is
• Check the lubricant level through the sight Regardless of whether the wheel hub is equipped with a sight glass
glass in the wheel hubs that are so equipped equipped with a sight glass
without removing the filler cap 12.A The wheel bearing lubricant is absent.
(see Figure 46, page 97). 12.1 There is wheel bearing lubricant leakage
other than sweating.
• Check for any traces of oil or grease on the
wheels or on the ground under the wheel
Important! Oil or grease leakage from
hubs (e.g. caused by a defective seal).
the wheel hub indicates that the wheel
bearings may not be sufficiently lubricated.
Sight glasses are generally found on
Not enough oil or grease may cause the
trailers and semi-trailers, as well as the
wheel to come off the vehicle. Be vigilant!
wheels on the steering axle of a heavy
vehicle.
You do not have to check the wheel hub lubricant level if:
- there is no sight glass
- a hub cap covers the wheel hub
 FIGURE 46  ❙  Wheel hub sight glass

Level
indicators

Filler cap

Sight glass

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Spare wheel support and fasteners 12.2 The spare tire support or fasteners cannot
keep the spare wheel solidly fixed.
Outside the vehicle
• Inspect the visible parts of the spare wheel
support and fasteners.

97
Mechanical Component
Wheels, Hubs and Fasteners 12
 Mechanical Component
Seat 13
98

13   Seat
This section only concerns the driver’s seat. The seats and benches in a bus or motor coach are presented in Section 20 of this guide.

Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Driver’s seat 13.1 X X X

Driver’s seat belt (anchorages, buckle, retractor and locking
13.A X X X
mechanism)
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Driver’s seat 13.1 The driver’s seat is inadequate* or does

not remain locked in position.
In the driver’s compartment
* A seat is inadequate if it is not in proper
• Check the general condition of the seat. working order to the point of being
• Make the necessary adjustments for safe unsafe.
driving, if required.
• Make sure the seat remains locked in position.

Driver’s* seat belt (anchorages, buckle, 13.A The driver’s seat belt is missing, modified
retractor and locking mechanism) or inadequate.*

In the driver’s compartment * A seat belt is inadequate if it is not

• Check for the presence, condition in proper working order.
and operation of the seat belt.

* Some vehicles were originally equipped

with seat belts that only have a lap belt
and no shoulder belt.

99
Mechanical Component
Seat 13
 Mechanical Component
Suspension 14
100

14   Suspension
It is important that you position yourself in such a manner as to view as many parts as possible for an efficient inspection of the suspension.

Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

U-bolts mounting the axle to the vehicle and components 14.C X X

for positioning the axle or wheel to the road vehicle
14.G X X X
Leaf springs, coil springs and torsion bars 14.A
14.D
14.1 X X
14.E
14.F
Rubber pads 14.A X X
Lines and air springs in the pneumatic suspension system 14.2 14.B X X X

Inspecting the suspension on the auxiliary lift axle during the circle check is recommended if there are plans to use it before the next circle check.
 METAL OR COMPOSITE SPRING SUSPENSION
FIGURE 47  ❙  Leaf spring FIGURE 48  ❙  Coil spring FIGURE 49  ❙  Torsion bar
Suspension Axle Suspension Bracket
bracket bracket
Coil Suspension arm
spring

Torsion bar
Master leaf U-bolt

PNEUMATIC SUSPENSION RUBBER PAD SUSPENSION

FIGURE 50  ❙  Pneumatic suspension FIGURE 51  ❙  Rubber pad suspension

Rubber pads

Air springs
Master leafs Rubber pads
(Z-shaped leafs)

101
Mechanical Component
Suspension 14
 Mechanical Component
Suspension 14
102

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

U-Bolts mounting the axle to the road 14.C A U-bolt is missing, improperly mounted,
vehicle or components for positioning cracked or broken.
the axle or wheel to the vehicle (e.g. 14.G The wheels are not parallel.
torque rod and suspension brackets).
14.G One of the axles or wheels has moved
Approaching the vehicle and around from its normal position.
the vehicle
• Check the parallelism of the wheels and pay
special attention to any signs of movement
of the axle or wheels form their normal
position.
• Inspect the U-bolts.

Some pickup trucks or vans are equipped

with suspension tables or arms that are
included in the components for positio-
ning the wheel.
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Leaf springs, coil springs 14.1 A leaf spring other than a master leaf or 14.A A master leaf is missing or broken
and torsion bars a coil is broken. (see Figure 52).
14.A 25% or more of the leaf springs of an
Around the vehicle assembly are broken or missing.
• Check for the presence, the condition
14.D A composite leaf spring (e.g. fibreglass)
and the position of the leaf springs, is cracked along 75% of its length or has
coil springs as well as the condition intersecting cracks.*
of the torsion bars.
* “Intersecting cracks” means two cracks
that cross each other at a perpendicular
angle.
14.E A leaf spring or coil spring is out of place
and comes into contact with a moving part.
14.F A coil spring is broken to the point where
the vehicle sags completely where this
spring is located.

103
Mechanical Component
Suspension 14
 Mechanical Component
Suspension 14
104

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

14.F A torsion bar is broken.

A partly or completely sagging vehicle

is probably the only sign the driver can
observe to indicate a broken axle, coil
spring or torsion bar. It is important for
the driver to pay special attention to
the general stance of the vehicle.

FIGURE 52  ❙  Master leafs FIGURE 53  ❙  Composite leaf spring

Rubber bumper
Composite
Z-shaped leafs Master leafs leaf
Torque leaf

Master leafs

Master leafs Master leaf

(Z-shaped leafs)
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects
Rubber pads 14.A A rubber pad is missing or broken.

Around the vehicle

• Check for the presence and condition
of the rubber pads (see Figure 51).

Pneumatic suspension circuit 14.2 The pneumatic suspension system shows 14.B An air leak in the suspension system
and air springs an air leak. cannot be compensated by the
compressor when the engine
Around the vehicle is idling.
• Check the condition of the air springs and 14.2 An air spring is damaged to the point 14.B An air spring is missing or deflated.
the vehicle’s balance. that the cord is exposed.
• Listen for air leaks from the suspension. 14.2 An air spring shows indications
of a repair.
Make sure the suspension is supplied
with air and that the air springs are
properly inflated. Generally speaking,
the suspension is supplied with air
when the pressure in the circuit reaches
483 kPa (70 psi).

105
Mechanical Component
Suspension 14
 Mechanical Component
Fuel System 15
106

15   Fuel System

This section only covers the vehicle’s fuel system. The tanks used to fuel equipment such as refrigerators or generators are not covered. Urea used to operate the
pollution control system is not considered a fuel.

Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Road vehicle’s fuel tank fasteners and gasoline 15.A

X X X
or diesel fuel tank filler cap 15.B
Leaks from the road vehicle’s fuel tank 15.C X X X
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Road vehicle’s fuel tank fasteners and 15.A The fuel tank is not securely fixed and
gasoline or diesel fuel tank filler cap there is a risk of separation.
15.B The gasoline or diesel fuel tank does not
Outside the vehicle, for all types have a filler cap.
of fuel tanks
• Inspect the fuel tank fasteners.

Outside the vehicle, for gasoline

and diesel fuel tanks
• Make sure every fuel tank has a filler cap.

Leaks from the road vehicle’s fuel tank 15.C A fuel tank shows a leak other
than oozing.
Outside the vehicle 15.C There is a fuel leak other than sweating
• Inspect the tank and the visible parts of the along the fuel supply system.
fuel system to detect any potential leaks.

Note: Such leaks can be detected by the presence

of fuel on the ground.

107
Mechanical Component
Fuel System 15
 Mechanical Component
Exhaust System 16
108

16   Exhaust System

Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Exhaust system components 16.1 16.A X X X

 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Exhaust system components

Outside the vehicle 16.1 Leakage of exhaust gases other than

• Inspect the visible components of the from the holes originally provided by
exhaust system to detect any leaks caused the manufacturer of the exhaust system.
by defective joints, cracks or holes other
than those originally provided by the
manufacturer. Any trace of soot not
normally found on the exhaust system
is a sign of an exhaust gas leak.

Inside the vehicle 16.A Leakage of exhaust gases enters

• With the engine running, if you detect the passenger compartment when
the odour of exhaust gases, check whether the floorboard is perforated.
there is a hole in the floorboard.

109
Mechanical Component
Exhaust System 16
 Mechanical Component
Electric Brake System 17
110

17   Electric Brake System

Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Electric brake system cables and connections 17.1 X X

Trailer service brake 17.A X X
 FIGURE 54  ❙  Electric brake system
FIGURE 55 (insert)   ❙  Electric brake intensity control

A trailer or semi-trailer operated on a

public road must be equipped with a
chain or cable that is sufficiently solid
and aligned to make sure the trailer
or semi-trailer and the tractor vehicle
remain connected in the event of a
breach of the coupling device. A chain
or cable is not required if the trailer
or semi-trailer is equipped with an
independent brake system that is
Electric connector and connection point automatically engaged in the event
of separation between the trailer or
semi-trailer and the tractor vehicle.
Electric cable

Safety chain

111
Mechanical Component
Electric Brake System 17
 Mechanical Component
Electric Brake System 17
112

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Electric brake system cables and 17.1 An electric cable or connector is

connections improperly fixed at a connection
or attachment point.
Around the trailer
• Inspect the visible parts of the electric An attachment point is a point at which
brake system cables and connections an electric cable is fastened to the
(at the connection and attachment points). vehicle structure (e.g. it prevents the
cable from being slack).
Check underneath the trailer to detect
whether a cable is loose. A connection point connects a cable to its
power supply. It is used, among other
things, to operate the brake system.

Trailer service brake 17.A There is a significant reduction in the

braking capacity.
In the driver’s compartment
• Start the vehicle and drive slightly forward. A reduction in the braking capacity
may be caused by improper braking
• Press the brake pedal.
distribution.
• Check whether the vehicle combination
stops quickly.
 18   Hydraulic Brake System
Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Master cylinder reservoir 18.1 18.A X X

Vacuum brake booster 18.C X X
Hydraulic power brake (electric pump) 18.C X X
Service brake warning light 18.3 X X
Braking equipment 18.2 18.B X X
Service brake 18.D X X
Parking brake warning light 18.4 X X
Parking brake 18.5 X X

113
Mechanical Component
Hydraulic Brake System 18
 Mechanical Component
Hydraulic Brake System 18
114

FIGURE 56  ❙  Master cylinder reservoir of a truck FIGURE 57  ❙  Master cylinder reservoir of a school bus
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Master cylinder reservoir 18.1 The master cylinder fluid level is lower 18.A The master cylinder fluid level is less
than the minimum level prescribed than one-quarter of the maximum level
In the engine compartment by the manufacturer or, if there is no indi- prescribed by the manufacturer.
• Check the fluid level in the master cylinder cator, is at more than 12.5 mm (1/2 in)
using the indicator on the reservoir. If there below the edge of the filler opening.
is no indicator, open the reservoir to check
the fluid level (figures 58 and 59).
If a reservoir has two caps, both compartments must
If you have to open the master cylinder
be checked.
reservoir because you cannot check the
fluid level from the exterior, take certain
precautions to avoid introducing any Where each vehicle in a combination of vehicles is equipped
contaminants into the fluid. with hydraulic brakes, the reservoir of each vehicle must
be checked.

FIGURE 58  ❙  Master cylinder reservoir with indicators from the manufacturer FIGURE 59  ❙  Master cylinder reservoir without indicators from the manufacturer
Maximum level
prescribed by Edge of the filler opening Edge of the filler opening
the manufacturer
Minimum level Area below one-quarter of the maximum 12.5 mm
prescribed by level prescribed by the manufacturer
the manufacturer

Master cylinder Master cylinder

115
Mechanical Component
Hydraulic Brake System 18
 Mechanical Component
Hydraulic Brake System 18
116

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Power brake
a) In the driver’s compartment, 18.C The brake pedal does not go down
in the case of a vacuum brake booster slightly after restarting the engine.
• Let the engine run for a few seconds.
• Stop the engine.
• Pump the brake pedal several times.
• Apply medium brake pressure during
the final brake pedal pump.
• Restart the engine while maintaining
pressure on the pedal.
• Check the movement of the brake pedal.

b) In the driver’s compartment, in 18.C The electric pump does not work when
the case of a hydraulic power brake the engine is not running.
(electric pump)
• Turn off the engine (if it is running).
• Apply medium pressure to the
brake pedal.
• Listen to hear if the electric pump is working.

Most school buses are equipped with a

hydraulic power brake system (electric
pump), as are some straight-body trucks.
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects
Service brake warning light 18.3 The warning light does not switch on
when the ignition key is in the ”ON”
In the driver’s compartment or ”START” position.
• Release the parking brake.
18.3 The warning light stays on when the
• Turn the ignition key to the “ON” or “START” engine is running.
position.
• Check the warning light.
• Start the engine.
• Check whether the warning light switches off.

Releasing the parking brake is required

when the service brake warning light is
also the parking brake warning light
(see Figures 60 and 61).

FIGURE 60  ❙  Parking brake warning light FIGURE 61  ❙  Service brake warning light

117
Mechanical Component
Hydraulic Brake System 18
 Mechanical Component
Hydraulic Brake System 18
118

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Braking equipment (leaks and pressure) 18.2 The pedal reaches the floor in 10 seconds 18.B The brake pedal reaches the floor in less
or more. than 10 seconds.
In the driver’s compartment 18.B The brake pedal has to be pumped several
• With the engine running, press down hard times to pressurize the circuit, which can
(more than for a normal braking manoeuvre) be felt by resistance in the pedal.
on the brake pedal for at least 10 seconds.
• Check the movement of the pedal.

When the vehicle is equipped with a

hydraulic power brake, this check can be
performed without the engine running.
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Service brake 18.D There is a significant reduction in

the braking capacity.
In the driver’s compartment
• Start the engine and drive forward slightly.
• Press on the brake pedal.
• Check whether the vehicle stops quickly.

Parking brake warning light 18.4 The warning light does not switch on
when the parking brake is activated.
In the driver’s compartment 18.4 The warning light does not switch off
• Turn the ignition key to the “ON” when the parking brake is released.
or “START” position.
• Apply the parking brake.
• Check whether the parking brake warning
light is on (see Figure 60, page 117).
• Release the parking brake.
• Check whether the warning light switches off.

119
Mechanical Component
Hydraulic Brake System 18
 Mechanical Component
Hydraulic Brake System 18
120

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Parking brake 18.5 The parking brake does not prevent the
vehicle from moving when the driver
In the driver’s compartment, tries to drive forward.
while the engine is running 18.5 The parking brake does not let the
• Apply the parking brake. wheels turn freely when released.
• Try to delicately drive the vehicle forward.7
With a combination of vehicles, you
• Release the parking brake.
may be required to turn slightly to one
• Slowly drive a few metres forward, watching side and the other to get a good view
the wheel rotation in the rearview mirrors. of all the wheels.

The parking brake cannot be checked on

certain heavy vehicles equipped with an
automatic transmission because the
transmission cannot be shifted into gear
while the parking brake is engaged. In
that case, it does not have to be checked.

7. For an automatic transmission, the gearshift lever must be in the “DRIVE” position. For a manual transmission, be extra careful and select the highest gear that allows the vehicle to move forward
(e.g. third gear).
 19   Pneumatic Brake System
Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Low air pressure warning device (visual, light or buzzer) 19.1

19.A X X X
19.2
Compressor (performance) 19.B X X X
Pressure regulator (starting and stopping of the compressor) 19.3 X X X
Braking equipment (leaks) 19.4 19.C X X X
Service brake 19.D X X X
Parking brake 19.5 X X X

121
Mechanical Component
Pneumatic Brake System 19
 Mechanical Component
Pneumatic Brake System 19
122

FIGURE 62  ❙  Compressed air pressure gauge FIGURE 63  ❙ Compressed air pressure gauge with
two needles

The compressed air pressure gauges indicate the air pressure in the service tanks of the bus, truck or tractor. Because the service brake system has two independent circuits,
there are two gauges on the dashboard, that is, one for each circuit: the primary and secondary circuits. Some vehicles are equipped with a single gauge with two needles,
one for each circuit.

FIGURE 64  ❙ Trailer air supply control FIGURE 65  ❙ Parking brake air supply control

With a pneumatic brake system, it is

necessary to make sure that the
main air flow circuits are working,
including the suspension, to carry out
more complete inspections.
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Low air pressure warning device Only for vehicles equipped with more 19.A None of the low pressure warning
(visual, light or buzzer) than one warning device devices (visual, light and buzzer) work
19.1 The vehicle’s low pressure warning when the air pressure in the
In the driver’s compartment system is below 380 kPa (55 psi).
buzzer does not work when the air
• Turn the ignition key to the “ON”
pressure in the system is below
or “START” position. 380 kPa (55 psi).
If the low pressure warning device(s) are 19.2 The vehicle’s low pressure warning light
not in operation and visual device do not work when
• Check the pressure gauge(s). the air pressure in the system is below
• Release the parking brake.8 380 kPa (55 psi).
• Pump the brake pedal while watching the
pressure gauge to check the pressure at
which the low pressure warning device(s)
activate (see Figures 66 and 67, page 124).
If the low pressure warning device(s) are
in operation
• Check the pressure gauges.
• Start the engine to increase the air pressure.
• Continue to check the pressure gauges
to make sure the warning device(s)
are working until the pressure in the system
reaches at least 380 kPa (55 psi).

8. It is preferable to release the parking brake if the vehicle is not equipped with an anti-compounding brake device to avoid damaging the brake chambers.

123
Mechanical Component
Pneumatic Brake System 19
 Mechanical Component
Pneumatic Brake System 19
124

FIGURE 66  ❙  Warning light FIGURE 67  ❙  Visual warning device (wig wag) FIGURE 68  ❙ Pressure gauge indicating a pressure
of 620 kPa (90 psi)
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Compressor (performance) 19.B The air compressor cannot reach

or maintain air pressure of at least
In the driver’s compartment 620 kPa (90 psi).
• Release the parking brake.
• While the engine is idling, make sure the
compressor is working by watching whether
the needles in the gauge(s) is or are rising.
• Press on the brake pedal.
• Watch the pressure gauge(s) while keeping
the brake pedal down to check whether
the compressor can reach and maintain air
pressure at the prescribed threshold
of 620 kPa (90 psi).
Make sure air pressure is maintained
at a minimum of 620 kPa (90 psi) while
the engine is idling, that the service
brake is fully engaged and that the
parking brake is released.

125
Mechanical Component
Pneumatic Brake System 19
 Mechanical Component
Pneumatic Brake System 19
126

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Pressure regulator (starting 19.3 The compressor does not switch off
and stopping of the compressor) when the air pressure is between
805 kPa (117 psi) and 945 kPa (137 psi).
a) Stopping of the compressor
In the driver’s compartment The purging noise of the dehumidifier is a
• While watching the pressure gauges, sign that the compressor is switching off.
run the engine* until the air pressure
stops rising.
• Watch the pressure gauge(s) to check
the pressure at which the compressor stops;
at this point, the gauge needles stop rising
(see Figure 69).
* Running the engine at around 1,000 RPM
reduces the time required to carry out
this check.

FIGURE 69  ❙  Compressor stopping range

If your vehicle is equipped with drum brakes with self-adjusting brake levers, a simple procedure
allows you to make sure that the play compensation or the space between the brake linings and
the drum is optimal. To follow this procedure, when the brakes are cold, you must:
1. Release the parking brakes.
2. Bring the system up to maximum air pressure (120 psi).
3. Fully depress the brake pedal for five seconds and then release it completely.
4. Carry out this procedure four or five times in a row to ensure the play compensation is complete.
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

b) Starting of the compressor 19.3 The compressor starts when the pressure
is less than or equal to 550 kPa (80 psi).
In the driver’s compartment
• Release the parking brake.9
• With the engine running, watch the pres-
sure gauge(s).
• Pump the brake pedal while watching the
pressure gauges to check the pressure at
which the compressor starts (see Figure 70).

FIGURE 70  ❙ Pressure gauge indicating a pressure

of 550 kPa (80 psi)

9. It is preferable to release the parking brake if the vehicle is not equipped with an anti-compounding brake device to avoid damaging the brake chambers.

127
Mechanical Component
Pneumatic Brake System 19
 Mechanical Component
Pneumatic Brake System 19
128

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Braking equipment (leaks) 19.4 Audible air leak.

In the driver’s compartment Some audible air leaks can be detected

• Release the parking brake. during the inspection outside the vehicle.
The driver must be on the lookout for
• Run the engine* until the air pressure rises
them throughout the inspection.
to the maximum level in the system.
• Turn off the engine. 19.4 Single-unit vehicle: the loss of air 19.C Single-unit vehicle: the loss of air
• Press the brake pedal all the way down. pressure in one minute exceeds pressure in one minute exceeds
• Watch the pressure gauge while keeping 20 kPa (3 psi). 40 kPa (6 psi).
the brake pedal fully depressed and listen 19.4 Two-unit vehicle: the loss of air 19.C Two-unit vehicle: the loss of air
carefully for an air leak. pressure in one minute exceeds pressure in one minute exceeds
• If there is a continuous drop in air pressure, 28 kPa (4 psi). 48 kPa (7 psi).
hold the brake pedal fully depressed for at 19.4 Three-unit vehicle: the loss of 19.C Three-unit vehicle: the loss of air
least one minute and evaluate whether the air pressure in one minute exceeds pressure in one minute exceeds
defect is major or minor. 35 kPa (5 psi). 62 kPa (9 psi).
Important! The parking brake must
always be disengaged to carry out this
check.

* Running the engine at around 1,000 RMP

reduces the time required to carry out this
check.
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Service brake 19.D There is a significant reduction in the

In the driver’s compartment braking capacity.
• Start the engine and drive forward slightly.
• Press on the brake pedal.
• Check whether the vehicle stops quickly.

Parking brake 19.5 The parking brake does not prevent the
In the driver’s compartment, with vehicle from moving when the driver
the engine running tries to drive forward.
• Apply the parking brake.* 19.5 The parking brake does not let the
wheels turn freely when released.
• Try to delicately drive the vehicle forward.10
• Release the parking brake.
The parking brake cannot be checked on
• Drive slightly forward while watching the certain heavy vehicles equipped with an
wheel rotation in the rearview mirrors.** automatic transmission because the
* For a combination of vehicles, a second transmission cannot be shifted into gear
check must be carried out for the trailer’s while the parking brake is engaged. In
parking brake. that case, it does not have to be checked.
** With a combination of vehicles, you may
have to turn the steering wheel slightly
from one side to the other to get a better
view of all the wheels.

10. For an automatic transmission, the gearshift lever must be in the “DRIVE” position. For a manual transmission, be extra careful and select the highest gear that allows the vehicle to move forward
(e.g. third gear).

129
Mechanical Component
Pneumatic Brake System 19
 Mechanical Component
Passenger Transport 20
130

20   Passenger Transport

These inspections apply to buses and minibuses configured to transport passengers. The parts to be checked are in addition to the parts to be checked listed in
the previous sections.

Vehicles Covered
Minor Major
Defects Defects List 1 List 2 List 3
Parts Covered

Stanchions, horizontal bars, grab handles,

20.1
guard panels and shock-absorbing material on stanchions X X
20.2
(if provided by the manufacturer)
Floor and steps in the passenger compartment 20.3 X X
Central aisle and passenger entrance lighting systems 20.4 X X
Overhead (top) luggage racks or compartments inside
20.5 X X
the passenger compartment
Passenger seats and benches 20.6 X X
Retractable stop sign 20.7 X
Alternately flashing lights (on the stop sign) 20.7 X
Flashing red lights 20.8 X
Alternately flashing yellow lights 20.8 X
 FIGURE 71  ❙  School bus
Alternately
flashing yellow
lights

Flashing red
lights

Alternately
flashing lights on
Crossing control arm the stop sign

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Stanchions, horizontal bars, grab handles, 20.1 A stanchion, a horizontal bar, a grab
guard panels and shock-absorbing handle or a guard panel is not securely
material on stanchions (if provided by mounted.
the manufacturer) 20.2 Shock-absorbing material on stanchions
provided by the manufacturer is missing
Inside the vehicle or inadequate.*
• Check the stanchions, horizontal bars, grab
handles, guard panels and, if provided by the * Inadequate means worn or broken
manufacturer, the shock-absorbing material to the point of no longer providing
on the stanchions (see Figure 72, page 132). protection.

131
Mechanical Component
Passenger Transport 20
 Mechanical Component
Passenger Transport 20
132

FIGURE 72  ❙  Stanchions, horizontal bars, grab handles and guard panel
Horizontal
bar

Grab
handle

Stanchion

Guard
panel
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Floor and steps in the passenger 20.3 The floor or a step in the passenger
compartment compartment is cracked, worked
(misshapen) or perforated.*
Outside the vehicle
* There is a defect when the condition
• Inspect the steps before entering
of the floor poses a danger for
the vehicle. the occupants.
Inside the vehicle
Perforations performed by the manu-
• Inspect the visible surface of the floor, facturer are not considered defects
more specifically the central aisle and areas (e.g. holes in the floor because benches
between the seats. have been removed).

Central aisle and passenger entrance 20.4 The central aisle, entrance or exit steps
lighting systems or boarding space cannot be
illuminated.
Inside the vehicle
• Activate the lighting system switch for the
central aisle, steps and boarding space.
• Check whether the central aisle, steps and
boarding space can be illuminated.

133
Mechanical Component
Passenger Transport 20
 Mechanical Component
Passenger Transport 20
134

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Overhead (top) luggage racks or 20.5 A top luggage rack or compartment is

compartments inside the passenger not securely mounted or cannot retain
compartment luggage.

Inside the vehicle Although the circle check only requires

• Inspect the overhead luggage racks a sight and sound inspection, we suggest
you apply light pressure on the luggage
or compartments (see Figures 73 and 74).
racks or compartments during this ins-
• Make sure they are securely mounted pection to help you detect any defects
and can retain luggage safely. in their mountings.

FIGURE 73  ❙  Overhead luggage compartment FIGURE 74  ❙  Overhead luggage rack

Overhead luggage
compartment

Overhead
luggage rack
 Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Passenger seats and benches11 20.6 A seat or bench is inadequate.*

Inside the vehicle, while walking up * A seat or bench is inadequate if it is

and down the central aisle not in good working order to the point
of being unsafe.
• Inspect the position and general condition
of the seats and benches.
One-man seats (folding seats) must also
be checked.

11. Inspections of the driver’s seat are presented in Section 13.

135
Mechanical Component
Passenger Transport 20
 Mechanical Component
Passenger Transport 20
136

THIS SECTION ONLY APPLIES TO SCHOOL BUSES

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Retractable stop sign 20.7 The stop sign does not move into a posi-
tion that is perpendicular to the bus.
In the driver’s compartment
• Activate the retractable stop sign. Although a minor defect does not prohi-
bit a vehicle from being operated, the
Outside the vehicle Highway Safety Code requires drivers to
turn on the compulsory stop sign to take
• Check the position of the stop sign.
on or discharge school children or per-
sons under age 18. If the stop sign
mechanism is defective and cannot be
deployed, the driver may not take on or
discharge school children or persons
under age 18.12

12. This is an offence under section 456 of the Highway Safety Code. The driver of the vehicle is subject to a fine of $600 to $2,000.
 THIS SECTION ONLY APPLIES TO SCHOOL BUSES

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Alternately flashing lights 20.7 One or more alternately flashing lights

(on the stop sign) do not switch on when the stop sign is
In the driver’s compartment perpendicular to the vehicle.
• Activate the retractable stop sign.
Outside the vehicle
• Check the alternately flashing lights
on the retractable stop sign.

Flashing red lights 20.8 One or more front and rear flashing red
From the driver’s compartment lights do not work when switched on.
• Switch on the flashing red lights. Although a minor defect does not prohi-
Outside the vehicle bit a vehicle from being operated, the
Highway Safety Code requires drivers to
• Check the front and rear flashing red lights.
activate the flashing red lights to take
on or discharge school children or per-
sons under age 18. If both rear flashing
lights or both front flashing lights do not
work when switched on, the driver may
not let on or discharge school children
or persons under age 18.13

13. This is an offence under section 456 of the Highway Safety Code. The driver of the vehicle is subject to a fine of $600 to $2,000.

137
Mechanical Component
Passenger Transport 20
 Mechanical Component
Passenger Transport 20
138

THIS SECTION ONLY APPLIES TO SCHOOL BUSES

Parts Covered and How to Inspect Them Minor Defects Major Defects

Alternately flashing yellow lights 20.8 One or more alternately flashing yellow
lights do not work when switched on.
From inside the vehicle
• Activate the switch and check the alterna-
tely flashing yellow lights through the
convex mirrors.

Important! Do not attempt to perform

the check by performing any manoeuvres
that may be unsafe.
 Occupational Injury Prevention

This section presents the risks of occupational inju- Refusing to perform work “Subject to this section, an employee may refuse to
ries to which individuals who carry out the circle use or operate a machine or thing, to work in a
check are exposed and the various ways in which Businesses under provincial place or to perform an activity, if the employee
they can be prevented. jurisdiction while at work has reasonable cause to believe that
Under section 12 of the Act respecting occupational a. the use or operation of the machine or thing
In more than 80% of cases, occupational injuries to health and safety, a driver employed by a business
constitutes a danger to the employee or to ano-
heavy vehicle drivers occur while they are away under provincial jurisdiction may refuse to drive a
ther employee;
from the wheel of their vehicle. These accidents vehicle he or she considers hazardous to his or her
occur when drivers climb down from the cab or as health or safety: b. a condition exists in the place that constitutes a
they carry out various duties such as handling or danger to the employee;
“A worker has a right to refuse to perform particu-
transferring cargo, performing a circle check, tarping lar work if he has reasonable grounds to believe c. the performance of the activity constitutes a
or securing the load. that the performance of that work would expose danger to the employee or to another employee.
him to danger to his health, safety or physical well- […]”
It should be noted that drivers who have good being, or would expose another person to a similar
reasons to believe their vehicle has defects that danger.”
are likely to jeopardize their health and safety
For more information
can refuse to drive the vehicle, even if they are Businesses under Businesses under
Businesses under federal jurisdiction provincial jurisdiction federal jurisdiction
pressured into doing so. Contact the Commission Contact Employment
Under section 128 of the Canadian Labour Code,
des normes, de l’équité, and Social Development
Part II, a driver employed by a business under federal
de la santé et de la sécurité Canada – Labour Program
jurisdiction can refuse to drive a vehicle he or she du travail 1 800 641-4049
considers hazardous to his or her health or safety: 1 866 302-2778 www.edsc.gc.ca
www.csst.qc.ca

139
 Occupational Injury
Prevention
140

Risks and how to prevent them Engine compartment under the hood • Once the hood is open, make sure it will stay in
• Before opening the hood, make sure the foot- that position.
Inspections under the hood holds (openings in the bumpers in most cases) • If possible, avoid climbing onto the tire to carry
are free of any material that could cause your out the inspection. Instead, find support on a
Risks foot to slip. flat surface.
• Slipping caused by mud or ice in the bumper • While the engine is running, only carry out a
footholds; visual inspection. Never place your hand
• Falling while raising the hood; between engine components to avoid sustaining
burns from a hot component or getting your
• Sustaining a back injury (while handling the hood, hand stuck in a belt.
slipping or falling);
Engine compartment under a tilt cab14
• Sustaining an injury from a dropping hood
or cab; • Stay far enough back that you will not be hit by
the cab when tilting it open or shut.
• Sustaining burns while touching a hot component
in the engine compartment; • Block the cab if there is no safety mechanism to
• Before opening the hood, test its resistance prevent it from falling as a result of a pressure
• Sustaining a musculoskeletal injury as a result to opening as it could stick as a result of ice burst.
of overexertion while raising the hood. or heat.

Prevention
When you unlatch the hood, lift each corner to
make sure it is not stuck. This will spare you the
excessive effort required to open a stuck hood.

14. Tilt the cab only if the inspection cannot be carried out using the panels provided for that purpose.
 Engine compartment with doors Prevention • Apply the three-point support principle when
• Make sure the engine compartment doors are • As a point of support, choose a fixed object, getting in or out of the cab.
completely open and locked in place. such as the grab handles, and avoid using the
steering wheel.
• Make sure the running boards are free of any
slippery material (mud, ice, etc.).

Getting in and out of the vehicle • Step down from the cab backward rather than
• Install non-skid running boards that are wide jumping out.
Risks enough to provide adequate foot support • Avoid placing obstacles in the footrests (e.g. a
• Falling and slipping that could cause back injuries, (wider than 18 cm). shoe brush).
sprains or contusions while climbing in or out of
the cab.

141

Occupational Injury
Prevention
 Occupational Injury
Prevention
142

Inspecting the vehicle’s exterior • Wear appropriate shoes or boots. Prevention

Risks • If possible, wear reflective clothing when you • Use a hook that is long and curved enough to
stop your vehicle on the side of the road. avoid having to stretch or lose your balance
• Being struck by a moving vehicle; while unlocking the fifth wheel.
• Use a flashlight as needed to increase visibility
• Falling while walking on a slippery or uneven
in the dark.
surface.

Prevention Hitching and unhitching

the semi-trailer
• Choose a location that is:
–– level and free of snow or ice; Risks
–– well lit in order to see any uneven areas in • Sliding, falling or striking a fixed object while
the ground; unlocking the fifth wheel;
–– sheltered from wind and traffic. • Sliding and falling while;
–– climbing onto or down from platform provi-
• Apply the parking brake. ding access to the coupling device,
–– plugging in the lighting cable and the
connection lines;
• Sustaining an injury from overexertion while
turning the crank to raise the landing gear.
 • Install metal grating that extends to the base • Consider installing handrails or handles that
of the fifth wheel when the lines cannot be will make it easier to use the “three-point
connected from the ground. This will provide support” technique.
you with a flat, non-skid surface to stand on. • Position yourself parallel to the semi-trailer,
extending the leg closest to the trailer slightly
behind you for better support. Place the crank in
a position that will require the least amount of
effort to operate.

143
Occupational Injury
Prevention
 Appendices
144

Appendix 1
Sample Circle Check Report
Appendix 2
Lists of Defects
List 1 – Heavy Vehicles
List 2 – Buses
List 3 – Motor Coaches
Appendix 3
Pressure Conversion Table
Appendix 4
Measurement Conversion Table
(length)
Appendix 5
Offences
 Appendix 1 – Sample Circle Check Report

CIRCLE CHECK Defects

REPORT

Operator
Name: No defects were noted during the circle check

Person Who Performed the Inspection

Last name: First name:
Vehicle (please print) (please print)

Licence plate number:* ______________ Person designated by the operator to perform the circle check: Yes No
Kilometrage: I personally inspected the vehicle and confirm that it was inspected according to the applicable requirements.
Signature:
Circle Check
Driver’s Declaration (where the driver did not perform the circle check)
Date:
Buses, Minibuses, Tow Trucks or Emergency Vehicles All Other Vehicles
Time: The driver can decide to review the existing report that was The driver can decide to review the existing report that was
or
completed by the person designated by the operator, or by completed by the person designated by the operator and
Municipality or location: the previous driver, and co-sign below. co-sign below.

The driver can always decide to perform a complete inspection of the vehicle himself/herself and fill out
a new circle check report.
I have reviewed the circle check report.
* or the unit number, if it appears on the registration
certificate Driver’s signature:
Driver’s signature:

145

Appendices
 Appendices
146

Appendix 2 – Lists of Defects

List 1 – Heavy vehicle
This list applies to heavy vehicles other than a bus, minibus or motor coach. Any trailer towed by a bus, minibus or motor coach must be inspected in accordance
with list 2.
Minor defects Major defects
1. Coupling devices
The defects provided for in points 1.B to 1.F apply when the vehicles are coupled.
1.1 Fastener component(s) of the coupling device missing, broken or loose 1.A Coupling plate or kingpin bent to an extent that it makes coupling
difficult, cracked or not securely fixed
1.2 Safety fasteners and coupling components missing, damaged 1.B Movement between the fifth wheel and the frame
or insecurely mounted
1.C More than 20% of the fasteners of the coupling mechanism damaged
or missing
1.D 25% or more of the locking pins are missing or not working
1.E Coupling mechanism not properly closed or locked
1.F Coupling mechanism component missing, insecurely fixed, not properly
adjusted or so damaged that it might rupture or fall off
2. Frame and cargo body
2.1 Side rails cracked or cross members cracked or broken 2.A Side rails might break
2.2 Fixed components of the body missing or insecurely mounted 2.B Side rails or cross members sagged in a way that makes a mobile part
and the body touch
2.C More than 25% of the locking pins of the sliding bogie missing
or not engaged
 Minor defects Major defects
3. Heater and defroster
3.1 Windshield blower not operating
4. Driver controls
4.1 Accelerator or clutch not operating properly 4.A Engine fails to return to idle when accelerator is released
4.2 Horn not operating properly
5. Steering
5.1 Misplacement of the steering column in relation to the normal position 5.A Misplacement of the steering column or wheel in relation to the normal
or adjustable steering wheel not remaining in set position position showing a risk of separation
5.2 Fluid level of power steering not the one prescribed by the manufacturer 5.B Power steering inoperative
5.3 Pump belt cut
6. Windshield wiper and washer
6.1 Wiper on passenger’s side missing or inadequate 6.A Wiper on driver’s side missing or inadequate
6.2 Windshield washer system ineffective
7. Emergency material
7.1 First-aid kit required by law insecurely fixed and not readily accessible
7.2 Chemical extinguisher required by law insecurely fixed, inadequate and
not readily accessible
8. Headlights and lights
8.1 Low beam, parking light, turn-indicator light, brake light or license plate 8.A Failure of all low-beams
light that does not turn on
8.B On a single-unit vehicle or the last vehicle of a combination of vehicles.*
• None of the rear right turn signal lights work.
• None of the rear left turn signal lights work.
* This defect only applies to single-unit vehicles with a GVWR of 4,500 kg
or more and the last vehicle in a combination of vehicles if that vehicle
has a GVWR of 4,500 kg or more.

147

Appendices
 Appendices
148

Minor defects Major defects

9. Tires
9.1 Wear indicator for a tire touches the roadway or depth of a groove 9.A For a tire mounted on the steering axle of a motor vehicle having
is equal to or less than the wear indicator a GVWR of 4,500 kg or more, the depth of 2 adjacent grooves
is equal to or less than the wear indicator
9.2 A tire in the same wheel assembly having foreign material embedded 9.B Single tire or the dual tires of the same wheel assembly having foreign
in the tread or sidewall that could cause a puncture material embedded in the tread or sidewall that could cause a puncture
9.3 A tire in the same wheel assembly so damaged that the cord 9.C Single tire or the dual tires of the same wheel assembly so damaged
or steel belt is exposed that the cord or steel belt is exposed
9.4 Distorted tire, tread or sidewall separated from the carcass of the tire 9.D Tire in contact with a fixed part of the vehicle, a flat tire or a tire losing
air or a bulge
9.5 Valve worn down, damaged, scraped or gashed
10. Doors and other openings
10.1 Driver’s door opens with difficulty or fails to open 10.A Passenger compartment door fails to close securely
11. Glass and mirrors
11.1 Windshield or side window on each side of the driver’s compartment fails
to provide the required view to the driver as a result of being damaged
11.2 Outside rearview mirrors required by the Code missing, damaged or
may not be adjusted and remain in set position
11.3 Outside rearview mirror insecure or shows a sharp edge
12. Wheels, hubs and fasteners
12.1 Lubricant under the minimum level or lubricant leakage of wheel 12.A Wheel bearing lubricant missing or not visible through a sight glass
bearing other than oozing
12.2 Support or mounting holding the spare wheel not securely fixed 12.B Wheel fastener is missing, cracked, broken or insecure
to hold it
12.C Wheel damaged or shows signs of repair with welds
 Minor defects Major defects
13. Seat
13.1 Driver’s seat inadequate or not staying in set position 13.A Driver’s seat belt missing, modified or inadequate
14. Suspension
14.1 Leaf spring other than a main spring leaf or broken coil spring 14.A Main spring leaf, rubber pad or 25% or more of the leaf springs
in the assembly are broken or missing
14.2 Air leak in suspension, ball so damaged that the cord is exposed 14.B Air leak in the system not compensated by compressor or ball missing
or repaired or deflated
14.C Component for mounting the axle missing, insecure, cracked or broken
14.D Composite spring leaf cracked over 75% of its length or has cracks
14.E Leaf spring or coil spring moved and in contact with moving parts
14.F Coil spring so broken that the vehicle is completely sagged or torsion
bar cracked
14.G Broken axle or component for positioning the axle or wheel missing,
insecure, cracked, broken or damaged so as to affect the parallelism
or cause an axle or wheel to move out of its position
15. Fuel system
15.A Tank poorly fixed and could break loose
15.B Cap missing
15.C Fuel leak other than oozing
16. Exhaust system
16.1 Leak of exhaust gas elsewhere than where intended by 16.A Leak that causes exhaust gas to enter the passenger compartment
the manufacturer where the floor is perforated
17. Electric brake system
17.1 Cable or electric connection not securely attached to the fasteners 17.A Important reduction in the braking capacity of the service brake
or connection

149

Appendices
 Appendices
150

Minor defects Major defects

18. Hydraulic brake system
18.1 Fluid level in the reservoir of the master cylinder below minimum level 18.A Fluid level in the reservoir of the master cylinder lower than one quarter
required of the maximum level specified by the manufacturer
18.2 Brake pedal reaches the floor 18.B Brake pedal reaches the floor within less than 10 seconds or pedal has
to be depressed several times before getting pressure
18.3 Warning light on while the engine is running or not on where the ignition 18.C Brake boost or power assist is inoperative
key is in the "on" or "start" position
18.4 Warning light not on when the parking brake is applied and released 18.D Important reduction in the braking capacity of the service brake
or not turned off when released
18.5 Parking brake not operating properly
19. Pneumatic brake system
19.1 Low pressure warning buzzer not operating properly 19.A None of the low pressure warning devices (visual, light and buzzer)
work when the air pressure in the system is below 380 kPa (55 psi).
19.2 Low pressure visual and warning lights not operating properly 19.B Air compressor not operating properly
19.3 Pressure regulator not operating properly 19.C Air leak whose rate within one minute exceeds 40 kPa (6lb/in2)
for a single-unit vehicle, 48 kPa (7lb/in2) for a two-unit vehicle
and 62 kPa (9lb/in2) for a three-unit vehicle
19.4 Audible air leak or whose rate within one minute exceeds 20 kPa (3lb/in )
2 19.D Important reduction in the braking capacity of the service brake
for a single-unit vehicle, 28 kPa (4lb/in2) for a two-unit vehicle
and 35 kPa (5lb/in2) for a three-unit vehicle
19.5 Parking or emergency brake not operating properly
Specific inspections required by the operator
 List 2 – Bus
This list applies to buses (other than motor coaches), minibuses and any trailer towed by a bus, minibus or motor coach.

Minor defects Major defects

1. Coupling devices
The defects provided for in points 1.C and 1.F apply when vehicles are coupled.
1.1 Fastener component(s) of the coupling device missing, broken or loose 1.C More than 20% of the fasteners of the coupling mechanism damaged
or missing
1.2 Safety fasteners and coupling components missing, damaged 1.F Coupling mechanism component missing, insecurely fixed, not properly
or insecurely mounted adjusted or so damaged that it might rupture or fall off
2. Frame and cargo body
2.1 Side rails cracked or cross members cracked or broken 2.A Side rails might break
2.2 Fixed components of the body missing or insecurely mounted 2.B Side rails or cross members sagged in a way that makes a mobile part
and the body touch
2.3 Outside door of a luggage or auxiliary compartment inadequate
or not securely mounted on the road vehicle
3. Heater and defroster
3.1 Windshield blower not operating
4. Driver controls
4.1 Accelerator or clutch not operating properly 4.A Engine fails to return to idle when accelerator is released
4.2 Horn not operating properly
5. Steering
5.1 Misplacement of the steering column in relation to the normal position 5.A Misplacement of the steering column or wheel in relation to the normal
or adjustable steering wheel not remaining in set position position showing a risk of separation
5.2 Fluid level of power steering not the one prescribed by the manufacturer 5.B Power steering inoperative
5.3 Pump belt cut

151

Appendices
 Appendices
152

Minor defects Major defects

6. Windshield wiper and washer
6.1 Wiper on passenger’s side missing or inadequate 6.A Wiper on driver’s side missing or inadequate
6.2 Windshield washer system ineffective
7. Emergency material
7.1 First-aid kit required by law insecurely fixed and not readily accessible
7.2 Chemical extinguisher required by law insecurely fixed, inadequate
and not readily accessible
8. Headlights and lights
8.1 Low beam, parking light, turn-indicator light, brake light or license plate 8.A Failure of all low-beams
light that does not turn on
8.B On a single-unit vehicle or the last vehicle of a combination of vehicles.*
• None of the rear right turn signal lights work.
• None of the rear left turn signal lights work.
* This defect only applies to single-unit vehicles with a GVWR of 4,500 kg
or more and the last vehicle in a combination of vehicles if that vehicle
has a GVWR of 4,500 kg or more.
9. Tires
9.1 Wear indicator for a tire touches the roadway or depth of a groove 9.A For a tire mounted on the steering axle of a motor vehicle having a
is equal to or less than the wear indicator GVWR of 4,500 kg or more, the depth of 2 adjacent grooves is equal
to or less than the wear indicator
9.2 A tire in the same wheel assembly having foreign material embedded 9.B Single tire or the dual tires of the same wheel assembly having foreign
in the tread or sidewall that could cause a puncture material embedded in the tread or sidewall that could cause a puncture
9.3 A tire in the same wheel assembly so damaged that the cord 9.C Single tire or the dual tires of the same wheel assembly so damaged
or steel belt is exposed that the cord or steel belt is exposed
 Minor defects Major defects
9.4 Distorted tire, tread or sidewall separated from the carcass of the tire 9.D Tire in contact with a fixed part of the vehicle, a flat tire or a tire losing
air or a bulge
9.5 Valve worn down, damaged, scraped or gashed
10. Doors and other openings
10.1 Driver’s door opens with difficulty or fails to open 10.A Passenger compartment door fails to close securely
10.B Emergency exit blocked
10.C Emergency door inadequate or its warning light or buzzer not in good
working order
11. Glass and mirrors
11.1 Windshield or side window on each side of the driver’s compartment
fails to provide the required view to the driver as a result of being
damaged
11.2 Outside rearview mirrors required by the Code missing, damaged
or may not be adjusted and remain in set position
11.3 Outside rearview mirror insecure or shows a sharp edge
11.4 Side window of a school bus on each side of the driver’s compartment
and immediately behind the driver’s compartment fails to provide the
required view to the driver as a result of being damaged
12. Wheels, hubs and fasteners
12.1 Lubricant under the minimum level or lubricant leakage of wheel 12.A Wheel bearing lubricant missing or not visible through a sight glass
bearing other than oozing
12.2 Support or mounting holding the spare wheel not securely fixed 12.B Wheel fastener is missing, cracked, broken or insecure
to hold it
12.C Wheel damaged or shows signs of repair with welds

153

Appendices
 Appendices
154

Minor defects Major defects

13. Seat
13.1 Driver’s seat inadequate or not staying in set position 13.A Driver’s seatbelt missing modified or inadequate
14. Suspension
14.1 Leaf spring other than a main spring leaf or broken coil spring 14.A Main spring leaf, rubber pad or 25% or more of the leaf springs
in the assembly are broken or missing
14.2 Air leak in suspension, ball so damaged that the cord is exposed 14.B Air leak in the system not compensated by compressor or ball missing
or repaired or deflated
14.C Component for mounting the axle missing, insecure, cracked or broken
14.D Composite spring leaf cracked over 75% of its length or has cracks
14.E Leaf spring or coil spring moved and in contact with moving parts
14.F Coil spring so cracked or broken that the vehicle is completely sagged
or torsion bar cracked
14.G Broken axle or component for positioning the axle or wheel missing,
insecure, cracked, broken or damaged so as to affect the parallelism
or cause an axle or wheel to move out of its position
15. Fuel system
15.A Tank poorly fixed and could break loose
15.B Cap missing
15.C Fuel leak other than oozing
16. Exhaust system
16.1 Leak of exhaust gas elsewhere than where intended by the 16.A Leak that causes exhaust gas to enter the passenger compartment
manufacturer where the floor is perforated
 Minor defects Major defects
17. Electric brake system
17.1 Cable or electric connection not securely attached to the fasteners 17.A Important reduction in the braking capacity of the service brake
or connection
18. Hydraulic brake system
18.1 Fluid level in the reservoir of the master cylinder below minimum 18.A Fluid level in the reservoir of the master cylinder lower than one quarter
level required of the maximum level specified by the manufacturer
18.2 Brake pedal reaches the floor 18.B Brake pedal reaches the floor within less than 10 seconds or pedal has
to be depressed several times before getting pressure
18.3 Warning light on while the engine is running or not on where 18.C Brake boost or power assist is inoperative
the ignition key is in the “on” or “start” position
18.4 Warning light not on when the parking brake is applied and released 18.D Important reduction in the braking capacity of the service brake
or not turned off when released
18.5 Parking brake not operating properly
19. Pneumatic brake system
19.1 Low pressure warning buzzer not operating properly 19.A None of the low pressure warning devices (visual, light and buzzer)
work when the air pressure in the system is below 380 kPa (55 psi).
19.2 Low pressure visual and warning lights not operating properly 19.B Air compressor not operating properly
19.3 Pressure regulator not operating properly 19.C Air leak whose rate within one minute exceeds 40 kPa (6lb/in2)
for a single-unit vehicle, 48 kPa (7lb/in2) for a two-unit vehicle
and 62 kPa (9lb/in2) for a three-unit vehicle
19.4 Audible air leak or whose rate within one minute exceeds 20 kPa (3lb/in2) 19.D Important reduction in the braking capacity of the service brake
for a single-unit vehicle, 28 kPa (4lb/in2) for a two-unit vehicle
and 35 kPa (5lb/in2) for a three-unit vehicle
19.5 Parking or emergency brake not operating properly

155

Appendices
 Appendices
156

Minor defects Major defects

20. Passenger transport
20.1 Stanchion, horizontal bar, grab handle and guard panel insecure
20.2 Shock-absorbing material provided by the manufacturer on stanchions
missing or inadequate
20.3 Floor or steps of passenger compartment damaged
20.4 Lighting of passenger access or aisle inoperative
20.5 Top luggage rack or top luggage compartment insecure or cannot
retain luggage
20.6 Passenger’s seat or bench seat inadequate
20.7 Stop sign not operating properly or one of the flashing lights
does not turn on
20.8 One of the flashing lights or one of the alternately flashing yellow lights
does not turn on
Specific inspections required by the operator
 List 3 – Motor Coach
This list applies to a motor coach. Any trailer towed by the motor coach must be inspected in accordance with list 2.

Minor defects Major defects

1. Coupling devices
The defects provided for in points 1.C and 1.F apply when vehicles are coupled.
1.1 Fastener component(s) of the coupling device missing, broken or loose 1.C More than 20% of the fasteners of the coupling mechanism damaged
or missing
1.2 Safety fasteners and coupling components missing, damaged 1.F Coupling mechanism component missing, insecurely fixed, not properly
or insecurely mounted adjusted or so damaged that it might rupture or fall off
2. Frame and cargo body
2.2 Fixed components of the body missing or insecurely mounted
2.3 Outside door of a luggage compartment or of an auxiliary compartment
inadequate or insecurely mounted on a road vehicle
3. Heater and defroster
3.1 Windshield blower not operating
4. Driver controls
4.1 Accelerator or clutch not operating properly 4.A Engine fails to return to idle when the accelerator is released
4.2 Horn not operating properly
5. Steering
5.1 Misplacement of the steering column in relation to the normal position 5.A Misplacement of the steering column or wheel in relation to the normal
or adjustable steering wheel not remaining in set position position showing a risk of separation
5.2 Fluid level of power steering not the one prescribed by the manufacturer 5.B Power steering inoperative
5.3 Pump belt cut

157

Appendices
 Appendices
158

Minor defects Major defects

6. Windshield wiper and washer
6.1 Wiper on passenger’s side missing or inadequate 6.A Wiper on driver’s side missing or inadequate
6.2 Windshield washer system ineffective
7. Emergency material
7.1 First-aid kit required by law insecurely fixed and not readily accessible
7.2 Chemical extinguisher required by law insecurely fixed, inadequate and
not readily accessible
8. Headlights and lights
8.1 Low beam, parking light, turn-indicator light, brake light or license plate 8.A Failure of all low-beams
light that does not turn on
8.B On a single-unit vehicle or the last vehicle of a combination of vehicles.*
• None of the rear right turn signal lights work.
• None of the rear left turn signal lights work.
* This defect only applies to single-unit vehicles with a GVWR of 4,500 kg
or more and the last vehicle in a combination of vehicles if that vehicle
has a GVWR of 4,500 kg or more.
9. Tires
9.1 Wear indicator for a tire touches the roadway or depth of a groove is 9.A For a tire mounted on the steering axle of a motor vehicle having a
equal to or less than the wear indicator GVWR of 4,500 kg or more, the depth of 2 adjacent grooves is equal to
or less than the wear indicator
9.2 A tire in the same wheel assembly having foreign material embedded in the 9.B Single tire or the dual tires of the same wheel assembly having foreign
tread or sidewall that could cause a puncture material embedded in the tread or sidewall that could cause a puncture
9.3 A tire in the same wheel assembly so damaged that the cord or steel belt 9.C Single tire or the dual tires of the same wheel assembly so damaged that
is exposed the cord or steel belt is exposed
 Minor defects Major defects
9.4 Distorted tire, tread or sidewall separated from the carcass of the tire 9.D Tire in contact with a fixed part of the vehicle, a flat tire or a tire losing
air or a bulge
9.5 Valve worn down, damaged, scraped or gashed
10. Doors and other openings
10.1 Driver’s door opens with difficulty or fails to open 10.A Passenger compartment door fails to close securely
10.B Emergency exit blocked
11. Glass and mirrors
11.1 Windshield or side window on each side of the driver’s compartment
fails to provide the required view to the driver as a result
of being damaged
11.2 Outside rearview mirror required by the Code missing, damaged
or may not be adjusted and remain in set position
11.3 Outside rearview mirror insecure or shows a sharp edge
12. Wheels, hubs and fasteners
12.1 Lubricant under the minimum level or lubricant leakage of wheel 12.A Wheel bearing lubricant missing or not visible through a sight glass
bearing other than oozing
12.2 Support or mounting holding the spare wheel not securely fixed to hold 12.B Wheel fastener is missing, cracked, broken or insecure
12.C Wheel damaged or shows signs of repair with welds
13. Seat
13.1 Driver’s seat inadequate or not staying in set position 13.A Driver’s seat belt missing, modified or inadequate
14. Suspension
14.2 Air leak in suspension, ball so damaged that the cord is exposed 14.B Air leak in the system not compensated by compressor or ball missing
or repaired or deflated

159

Appendices
 Appendices
160

Minor defects Major defects

14.G Broken axle or component for positioning the axle or wheel missing,
insecure, cracked, broken or damaged so as to affect the parallelism
or cause an axle or wheel to move out of its position
15. Fuel system
15.A Tank poorly fixed and could break loose
15.B Cap missing
15.C Fuel leak other than oozing
16. Exhaust system
16.1 Leak in exhaust system elsewhere than where intended 16.A Leak that causes exhaust gas to enter the passenger compartment
by the manufacturer where the floor is perforated
17. Electric brake system (not subject to inspection)
18. Hydraulic brake system (not subject to inspection)
19. Pneumatic brake system
19.1 Low pressure warning buzzer not operating properly 19.A None of the low pressure warning devices (visual, light and buzzer)
work when the air pressure in the system is below 380 kPa (55 psi).
19.2 Low pressure visual and warning lights not operating properly 19.B Air compressor not operating properly
19.3 Pressure regulator not operating properly 19.C Air leak whose rate within one minute exceeds 40 kPa (6lb/in2)
for a single-unit vehicle, 48kPa (7lb/in2) for a two-unit vehicle
and 62kPa (9lb/in2) for a three-unit vehicle
19.4 Audible air leak or whose rate within one minute exceeds 19.D Important reduction in the braking capacity of the service brake
20kPa (3lb/in2) for a single-unit vehicle, 28kPa (4lb/in2) for
a two-unit vehicle and 35 kPa (5lb/in2) for a three-unit vehicle
19.5 Parking or emergency brake not operating properly
 Minor defects Major defects
20. Passenger transport
20.1 Stanchion, horizontal bar, grab handle and guard panel insecure
20.2 Shock-absorbing material provided by the manufacturer
on stanchions missing or inadequate
20.3 Floor or steps of passenger compartment damaged
20.4 Lighting of passenger access or aisle inoperative
20.5 Top luggage rack or top luggage compartment insecure
or cannot retain luggage
20.6 Passenger’s seat or bench seat inadequate
Specific inspections required by the operator

161

Appendices
 Appendices
162

Appendix 3 – Pressure Conversion Table

psi kPa bar psi kPa bar psi kPa bar psi kPa bar
1.00 6.90 0.07 26.00 179.40 1.79 51.00 351.90 3.52 76.00 524.40 5.24
2.00 13.80 0.14 27.00 186.30 1.86 52.00 358.80 3.59 77.00 531.30 5.31
3.00 20.70 0.21 28.00 193.20 1.93 53.00 365.70 3.65 78.00 538.20 5.38
4.00 27.60 0.28 29.00 200.10 2.00 54.00 372.60 3.72 79.00 545.10 5.45
5.00 34.50 0.34 30.00 207.00 2.07 55.00 379.50 3.79 80.00 552.00 5.52
6.00 41.40 0.41 31.00 213.90 2.14 56.00 386.40 3.86 81.00 558.90 5.58
7.00 48.30 0.48 32.00 220.80 2.21 57.00 393.30 3.93 82.00 565.80 5.65
8.00 55.20 0.55 33.00 227.70 2.28 58.00 400.20 4.00 83.00 572.70 5.72
9.00 62.10 0.62 34.00 234.60 2.34 59.00 407.10 4.07 84.00 579.60 5.79
10.00 69.00 0.69 35.00 241.50 2.41 60.00 414.00 4.14 85.00 586.50 5.86
11.00 75.90 0.76 36.00 248.40 2.48 61.00 420.90 4.21 86.00 593.40 5.93
12.00 82.80 0.83 37.00 255.30 2.55 62.00 427.80 4.27 87.00 600.30 6.00
13.00 89.70 0.90 38.00 262.20 2.62 63.00 434.70 4.34 88.00 607.20 6.07
14.00 96.60 0.97 39.00 269.10 2.69 64.00 441.60 4.41 89.00 614.10 6.14
15.00 103.50 1.03 40.00 276.00 2.76 65.00 448.50 4.48 90.00 621.00 6.21
16.00 110.40 1.10 41.00 282.90 2.83 66.00 455.40 4.55 91.00 627.90 6.27
17.00 117.30 1.17 42.00 289.80 2.90 67.00 462.30 4.62 92.00 634.80 6.34
18.00 124.20 1.24 43.00 296.70 2.96 68.00 469.20 4.69 93.00 641.70 6.41
19.00 131.10 1.31 44.00 303.60 3.03 69.00 476.10 4.76 94.00 648.60 6.48
20.00 138.00 1.38 45.00 310.50 3.10 70.00 483.00 4.83 95.00 655.50 6.55
21.00 144.90 1.45 46.00 317.40 3.17 71.00 489.90 4.90 96.00 662.40 6.62
22.00 151.80 1.52 47.00 324.30 3.24 72.00 496.80 4.96 97.00 669.30 6.69
23.00 158.70 1.59 48.00 331.20 3.31 73.00 503.70 5.03 98.00 676.20 6.76
24.00 165.60 1.65 49.00 338.10 3.38 74.00 510.60 5.10 99.00 683.10 6.83
25.00 172.50 1.72 50.00 345.00 3.45 75.00 517.50 5.17 100.00 690.00 6.89
 psi kPa bar psi kPa bar psi kPa bar
101.00 696.90 6.96 126.00 869.40 8.69 151.00 1041.90 10.41
102.00 703.80 7.03 127.00 876.30 8.76 152.00 1048.80 10.48
103.00 710.70 7.10 128.00 883.20 8.83 153.00 1055.70 10.55
104.00 717.60 7.17 129.00 890.10 8.89 154.00 1062.60 10.62
105.00 724.50 7.24 130.00 897.00 8.96 155.00 1069.50 10.69
106.00 731.40 7.31 131.00 903.90 9.03 156.00 1076.40 10.76
107.00 738.30 7.38 132.00 910.80 9.10 157.00 1083.30 10.82
108.00 745.20 7.45 133.00 917.70 9.17 158.00 1090.20 10.89
109.00 752.10 7.52 134.00 924.60 9.24 159.00 1097.10 10.96
110.00 759.00 7.58 135.00 931.50 9.31 160.00 1104.00 11.03
111.00 765.90 7.65 136.00 938.40 9.38
112.00 772.80 7.72 137.00 945.30 9.45
113.00 779.70 7.79 138.00 952.20 9.51
114.00 786.60 7.86 139.00 959.10 9.58
115.00 793.50 7.93 140.00 966.00 9.65
116.00 800.40 8.00 141.00 972.90 9.72
117.00 807.30 8.07 142.00 979.80 9.79
118.00 814.20 8.14 143.00 986.70 9.86
119.00 821.10 8.20 144.00 993.60 9.93
120.00 828.00 8.27 145.00 1000.50 10.00
121.00 834.90 8.34 146.00 1007.40 10.07
122.00 841.80 8.41 147.00 1014.30 10.14
123.00 848.70 8.48 148.00 1021.20 10.20
124.00 855.60 8.55 149.00 1028.10 10.27
125.00 862.50 8.62 150.00 1035.00 10.34

163

Appendices
 Appendices
164

Appendix 4 – Measurement Conversion Table

Imperial system (inches) Metric system (millimetres)
Fraction Thousandths of in 0-1 in 1-2 in 2-3 in 3-4 in
25.40 50.80 76.20
1/64 0.015 0.397 25.80 51.20 76.60
1/32 0.031 0.794 26.19 51.59 76.99
3/64 0.046 1.191 26.59 51.99 77.39
1/16 0.062 1.588 26.99 52.39 77.79
5/64 0.078 1.984 27.38 52.78 78.18
3/32 0.093 2.381 27.78 53.18 78.58
7/64 0.109 2.778 28.18 53.58 78.98
1/8 0.125 3.175 28.58 53.98 79.38
9/64 0.140 3.572 28.97 54.37 79.77
5/32 0.156 3.969 29.37 54.77 80.17
11/64 0.171 4.366 29.77 55.17 80.57
3/16 0.187 4.763 30.16 55.56 80.96
13/64 0.203 5.159 30.56 55.96 81.36
7/32 0.218 5.556 30.96 56.36 81.76
15/64 0.234 5.953 31.35 56.75 82.15
1/4 0.250 6.350 31.75 57.15 82.55
17/64 0.265 6.747 32.15 57.55 82.85
9/32 0.281 7.144 32.54 57.94 83.34
19/64 0.296 7.541 32.94 58.34 83.74
5/16 0.312 7.938 33.34 58.74 84.14
 Imperial system (inches) Metric system (millimetres)
Fraction Thousandths of in 0-1 in 1-2 in 2-3 in 3-4 in
21/64 0.328 8.334 33.73 59.13 84.53
11/32 0.343 8.731 34.13 59.53 84.93
23/64 0.359 9.128 34.53 59.93 85.33
3/8 0.375 9.525 34.93 60.33 85.73
25/64 0.390 9.922 35.52 60.72 86.12
13/32 0.406 10.319 35.72 61.12 86.52
27/64 0.421 10.716 36.12 61.52 86.92
7/16 0.437 11.113 36.51 61.91 87.31
29/64 0.453 11.509 36.91 62.31 87.71
15/32 0.468 11.906 37.31 62.71 88.11
31/64 0.484 12.303 37.70 63.10 88.50
1/2 0.500 12.700 38.10 63.50 88.90
33/64 0.515 13.097 38.50 63.90 89.30
17/32 0.531 13.494 38.89 64.29 89.69
35/64 0.546 13.891 39.29 64.69 90.09
9/16 0.562 14.288 39.69 65.09 90.49
37/64 0.578 14.684 40.08 65.48 90.88
19/32 0.593 15.081 40.48 65.88 91.28
39/64 0.609 15.478 40.88 66.28 91.68
5/8 0.625 15.875 41.28 66.68 92.08
41/64 0.640 16.272 41.67 67.07 92.47

165

Appendices
 Appendices
166

Imperial system (inches) Metric system (millimetres)

Fraction Thousandths of in 0-1 in 1-2 in 2-3 in 3-4 in
21/32 0.656 16.669 42.07 67.47 92.87
43/64 0.671 17.066 42.47 67.87 93.27
11/16 0.687 17.463 42.86 68.26 93.66
45/64 0.703 17.859 43.26 68.66 94.06
23/32 0.718 18.256 43.66 69.06 94.46
47/64 0.734 18.653 44.05 69.45 94.85
3/4 0.750 19.050 44.45 69.85 95.25
49/64 0.765 19.447 44.85 70.25 95.65
25/32 0.781 19.844 45.24 70.64 96.04
51/64 0.796 20.241 45.64 71.04 96.44
13/16 0.812 20.638 46.04 71.44 96.84
53/64 0.828 21.034 46.43 71.83 97.23
27/32 0.843 21.431 46.83 72.23 97.63
55/64 0.859 21.828 47.23 72.63 98.03
7/8 0.875 22.225 47.63 73.03 98.43
57/64 0.890 22.622 48.02 73.42 98.82
29/32 0.906 23.019 48.42 73.82 99.22
59/64 0.921 23.416 48.82 74.22 99.62
15/16 0.937 23.813 49.21 74.61 100.01
61/64 0.953 24.209 49.61 75.01 100.41
31/32 0.968 24.606 50.01 75.41 100.81
63/64 0.984 25.003 50.40 75.80 101.20
 Appendix 5 – Offences
Conduct
Sections Minimum
Offences Review
of the HSC1 Fine Policy Points2
Drivers
Failing to conduct a circle check in accordance with prescribed standards 519.2 $350 3
Failing to record observations in the circle check report 519.2 $350 3
Driving a heavy vehicle for which a circle check has not been conducted 519.2.1 $350 3
Driving a motor coach for which an inspection specific to motor coaches has not been conducted 519.2.2 $350 3
Failing to complete, sign or update the circle check report 519.3 $350 3
Failing to countersign the circle check report, when required 519.3 $350 3
Possessing more than one report for the same circle check 519.3 $350 3
Neglecting to send the circle check report to the proper party within the time prescribed by regulation 519.3 $350 3
Failing to keep on board the vehicle the applicable defect lists, the circle check report or,
519.4 $350 3
if applicable, the motor coach inspection report
Refusing to surrender the defect lists, the circle check report or, if applicable,
519.4 $350 3
the motor coach inspection report to a peace officer
Driving a heavy vehicle without keeping the circle check report or, if applicable,
519.4.1 $350 3
the motor coach inspection report on board the vehicle
Failing to report a minor mechanical defect 519.5 $175 2
Failing to report a major mechanical defect 519.5 $350 3
Driving a heavy vehicle with a major mechanical defect 519.6 $350 3

1. Highway Safety Code

2. Two policies provide for the weighting of offences: the Conduct Review Policy for Heavy Vehicle Drivers and the Conduct Review Policy for Heavy Vehicle Owners and
Operators.

167

Appendices
 Appendices
168

Conduct
Sections Minimum
Offences Review
of the HSC1 Fine Policy Points2
Operators
Failing to ensure that a circle check has been conducted in accordance with prescribed standards 519.15.1 $700 3
Allowing a heavy vehicle to be driven for which a circle check has not been conducted 519.15.2 $700 3
Allowing a motor coach to be driven for which an inspection specific to motor coaches
519.15.2 $700 3
has not been conducted
Failing to place the applicable defect list in each heavy vehicle for which the operator is responsible 519.16 $350 2
Failing to ensure that the driver keeps the defect list on board the vehicle 519.16 $350 2
Failing to ensure that the driver keeps the circle check report or, if applicable,
519.16 $350 2
the motor coach inspection report on board the vehicle
Failing to ensure that the driver or the designated person enters all information
519.16 $350 2
in the circle check report
Allowing a heavy vehicle to be driven where the circle check report and, if applicable,
519.16 $700 3
the motor coach inspection report was not on board
Failing to inform the owner immediately of any defect observed by or brought to the attention
519.16 $700 3
of the operator
Failing to send the circle check report to the owner 519.16 $700 3
Allowing a heavy vehicle that has a minor defect to be operated after 48 hours 519.17 $350 2
Allowing a heavy vehicle that has a major defect to be operated 519.17 $700 3

1. Highway Safety Code

2. Two policies provide for the weighting of offences: the Conduct Review Policy for Heavy Vehicle Drivers and the Conduct Review Policy for Heavy Vehicle Owners and
Operators.
 Conduct
Sections Minimum
Offences Review
of the HSC1 Fine Policy Points2
Owners3
Failing to maintain one’s vehicles in good mechanical order 519.15 $700 3
Failing to conduct an inspection specific to motor coaches 519.15 $700 3
Failing to fill out the motor coach inspection report 519.15 $700 3
Failing to leave the motor coach inspection report in the motor coach 519.15 $700 3
Allowing a heavy vehicle that has a minor defect to be operated after 48 hours 519.17 $350 2
Allowing a heavy vehicle that has a major defect to be operated 519.17 $700 3
Failing to obtain a copy of the circle check report of the vehicle used by an operator 519.18 $700 3

1. Highway Safety Code

2. Two policies provide for the weighting of offences: the Conduct Review Policy for Heavy Vehicle Drivers and the Conduct Review Policy for Heavy Vehicle Owners and
Operators.
3. For owners, a statement of offence is only assigned a weighting if it is served during a facility audit.

169

Appendices
 Glossary
170

Adequate Appropriate to its function and constantly kept in good working order (s. 5, RRSSRV)

AROODHV Act respecting owners, operators and drivers of heavy vehicles

Motor vehicle, other than a minibus, designed for the transportation of more than nine occupants at a time and used
Bus
mainly for that purpose or equipped with devices to secure wheelchairs against movement (s. 4, HSC)

Combination of road Combination of vehicles consisting of a motorized road vehicle drawing a trailer, a semi-trailer or a detachable axle
vehicles (s. 4, HSC)

Closed trailer used principally as an office, as a warehouse, or as sleeping or resting quarters and equipped with
Construction trailer
a drawbar but no kingpin (s. 2, RRSSRV)

Road vehicle used as a police car in accordance with the Police Act (chapter P-13.1), a road vehicle used as an ambulance
in accordance with the Act respecting pre-hospital emergency services (chapter S-6.2), a fire safety vehicle, or any other
Emergency vehicle
road vehicle which meets the criteria established by regulation for recognition as an emergency vehicle by the Société
(s. 4, HSC)

Road vehicle with a net weight of more than 3,000 kg used solely for the transportation of machinery with which
Equipment transport vehicle it is permanently equipped and its accessories. Emergency vehicles and vehicles that are used or can be used for the
transportation of other goods are excluded from this definition (s. 2, RRRVR)

Farm machinery Equipment, whether motorized or not, designed and used solely for agricultural purposes (s. 2, RRRVR)

Farm machine equipped with pneumatic tires or rubber caterpillar tracks that is designed to draw farm equipment
Farm tractor and owned by a farmer who uses it for any purpose whatever or used for personal ends by an owner who is a natural
person other than a farmer (s. 2, RRRVR)
 Road vehicle equipped with a drawbar to which a towing coupling device is attached that may be hitched to
Farm trailer the coupling device of the towing vehicle with a tow pin and used for the transportation of unprocessed timber,
farm products or materials or matters required in their production (s. 2, RRSSRV)

Fire department road

Emergency vehicle belonging to a fire department (s. 2, RRSSRV)
vehicle

• A road vehicle, within the meaning of the HSC, with a GVWR of 4,500 kg or more
• A combination of road vehicles (within the meaning of the HSC), that includes at least one vehicle with a GVWR
Heavy vehicle of 4,500 kg or more
• A bus, minibus or tow truck (within the meaning of the HSC)
• A road vehicle that is subject to the Transportation of Dangerous Substances Regulation

Heavy vehicle operator Person who controls the operation of a heavy vehicle (s. 2, AROODHV)

Person whose name appears on the vehicle’s registration issued in Québec and person who leases a heavy vehicle
Heavy vehicle owner
for a period of not less than one year (s. 2, AROODHV; s. 2 HSC)

HSC Highway Safety Code

Motor vehicle having two axles with single wheels and equipped with not more than five rows of seats for
Minibus the transportation of more than nine occupants at a time, or equipped with devices to secure wheelchairs against
movement (s. 4, HSC)

Bus of monocoque design, manufactured to provide intercity, suburban, commuter or charter service and equipped
Motor coach with under-floor baggage storage, a pneumatic suspension, pneumatic brakes and automatic brake play adjusters
(s. 2, RRSSRV)

171

Glossary
 Glossary
172

Motor home Motor vehicle permanently converted into a dwelling (s. 2, RRSSRV)

Motor vehicle that can be driven on a highway, other than a vehicle that runs only on rails, a power-assisted bicycle or
Road vehicle
an electrically propelled wheelchair; a trailer, a semi-trailer or a detachable axle is defined as a road vehicle (s. 4, HSC)

RRRVR Regulation respecting road vehicle registration

RRSSRV Regulation respecting safety standards for road vehicles

School bus Bus or minibus used to carry schoolchildren (s. 2 RRSSRV)

Road vehicle, other than a vehicle mounted on a truck chassis, manufactured to perform work and the work station
of which is an integral part of the driver’s compartment. For the purposes of this definition, a truck chassis is a frame
Tool vehicle
equipped with all the mechanical components required on a road vehicle designed for the transportation of persons,
goods or equipment (s. 4, HSC)

Tow truck Motor vehicle equipped to lift and tow a road vehicle or to load a road vehicle onto its platform (s. 4, HSC)

Road vehicle other than a bus engaged in the transportation of schoolchildren that may be used on occasion or full time
to carry schoolchildren, and that is operated by a school board or by a private educational institution, or under the terms
Vehicle engaged in
of a contract with a school board exercising authority in connection with the transportation of schoolchildren pursuant
the transportation
to sections 291 to 299 of the Education Act (chapter I-13.1) or under sections 195 and 431 to 431.8 of the Education Act
of schoolchildren
for Cree, Inuit and Naskapi Native Persons (chapter I-14), or with a private educational institution authorized to organize
the transportation of students under section 62 of the Act respecting private education (chapter E-9.1) (s. 2, RRSSRV)
Circle Check Guide
Before taking the wheel, heavy vehicle drivers must make sure
that a circle check was performed on their vehicle within the
previous 24 hours. The circle check is a sight and sound inspection
of the accessible components of a vehicle that makes it possible
to detect any defects as early as possible, to quickly notify the
operator and owner of any defects detected and to prevent the
vehicle from being operated if its condition poses a risk of an
accident or a breakdown. The ultimate goal is to improve the safety
of all road users.
This guide is an essential reference for drivers, as well as owners and
operators of heavy vehicles who wish to have a good understanding
of this important road safety element. It is also intended for all
stakeholders in the goods and passenger transportation industry
who play a role in heavy vehicle maintenance and road safety.
To find out more about the circle check :
saaq.gouv.qc.ca/circle