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Polygons 1 1

A polygon is a closed shape made of line segments that intersect at two points. Common polygons include triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, and hexagons. The interior angles of a polygon sum to 180(n-2) degrees, where n is the number of sides. The exterior angles sum to 360 degrees. Properties of specific polygons include: parallelograms have opposite sides parallel and opposite angles equal; rectangles have four right angles; squares have four equal sides and four right angles.

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692 views

Polygons 1 1

A polygon is a closed shape made of line segments that intersect at two points. Common polygons include triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, and hexagons. The interior angles of a polygon sum to 180(n-2) degrees, where n is the number of sides. The exterior angles sum to 360 degrees. Properties of specific polygons include: parallelograms have opposite sides parallel and opposite angles equal; rectangles have four right angles; squares have four equal sides and four right angles.

Uploaded by

pcuaron
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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POLYGONS

Definition of a polygon
A polygon is a closed figure.
It is made up of joining the line segments.
Each line segment should intersect exactly at 2 points.

Examples
Following are not polygons because

It is not a closed figure.

It is not made up of line segments

A regular polygon will have all the sides equal and all the angles equal
Polygon names
Polygons are differentiated with the help of its sides or edges .
Important types of polygon are as follows:
N sided polygon → “n”-gon
3 sided polygon → Triangle (or) Trigon
4 sided polygon → Quadrilateral (or) Tetragon
5 sided polygon → Pentagon
6 sided polygon → Hexagon
7 sided polygon → Heptagon
8 sided polygon → Octagon
Formulas for interior and exterior
angles of a polygon
Sum of the Interior or internal angle of an n-gon
(n-2) * 180

Example:

sum of the interior angles of a triangle (3 sided polygon)


= (3 - 2)*180 = 180

sum of the interior angles of a hexagon( 6 sided polygon)


= (6 - 2)*180 = 720
Measure of each interior or internal angle of a regular polygon

(n – 2) * 180º / n

Example :
Find the measure of each interior angle of a Quadrilateral (4 sided
polygon)?

Given : n = 4

Solution : ( 4 – 2 ) * 180º / 4 = 2 * 180º/ 4

= 90º
Sum of the exterior angles(or external angle) of n-gon is 360º

Therefore,
Sum of the exterior angles of a pentagon = 360º
Sum of the exterior angles of a 15 sided polygon = 360º

The measure of each exterior angle of a regular polygon is


360º/ n

Note : Interior angle + exterior angle = 180º


Smallest interior angle + Largest external angle = 360º

Smallest external
angle
Smallest
interior angle

Largest interior angle


Largest
external
angle

Largest interior angle + Smallest external angle = 360º


Example
1. Each exterior angle of a regular polygon is 60 degrees. what is the sum of the interior angles of the polygon?

The sum of the exterior angles of any polygon is 360 degrees.


Given, it is a regular polygon (one with equal length sides and angles).
~> 360/60 = 6

So,the regular polygon is eight-sided, i.e., an Hexagon.

WKT the interior and exterior angles are supplementary angles.


i.e their sum is 180 degrees.
Each interior angle is therefore 180 - 60 = 120 degrees.
Interior angle of a regular polygon = sum of interior angles ÷ number of sides.
The sum of the interior angles of a polygon with n sides is:
120* 6 = 720

2. Find the sum of the measures of the interior angles of an Nonagon.

It is an Nonagon (9 sides) which means n = 9. Therefore,


sum of the measures of the interior angles = 180 (9-2) = 180 (7) = 1260°

3. If the sum of the measures of the interior angles of a polygon is 1800°, how many sides does the polygon
have?

Given the sum of the angle measures.


180(n-2) = 1800
180n – 360 = 1800
180n = 2160
n = 12, the shape has 12 sides (dodecagon).
Properties of polygons
Properties of quadrilateral
Quadrilateral means “ four sided ” .
Any four sided shape is a quadrilateral.
Sum of the angles of any quadrilateral is equal to 360º.

A B

C D

∟A + ∟B + ∟C + ∟D = 360º
Sum of the opposite angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180º

C
∟A + ∟C = 180º
D

A
∟B + ∟D = 180º

B
Types of quadrilaterals

→ Parallelogram

→ Rectangle

→ Square

→ Trapezoid
Properties of parallelogram

D C → opposite sides are parallel

= = AB ll CD
O AD ll BC

A B → opposite angles are equal

∟A = ∟C
∟B = ∟D
Properties of parallelogram
D C

A B

→ Consecutive angles add up to 180º

∟A + ∟B = 180º ; ∟B + ∟C = 180º
∟C + ∟D = 180º ; ∟D + ∟A = 180º

→ Diagonals meet at o, therefore, AO = OC and BO = OD


Properties of rectangle
D C
→ All properties of parallelogram

→ All angles are equal to 90º

∟A = ∟B = ∟C = ∟D = 90º
A B
→ Diagonals are of equal length

AC = BD
Properties of square

All properties of rectangle. D C

All four sides are equal

AB = BC = CD = DA

Diagonals are perpendicular to each other


A B
Diagonals divides the square into four
equal parts.
Properties of square

Each part forms a right


angled triangle.
Therefore, square has four
90º
right angle triangle.
45º 45º
Angles formed in each right B
angle triangle are 45º, 90º,
45º.
Properties of trapezoid

D C

A B

→ Trapezoid will have one pair of opposite sides parallel.


AB ll CD
→ Parallel sides are known as bases of the trapezoid.
Properties of trapezoid

→ In an isosceles trapezoid,
D C
the two non-parallel sides will
be of equal length,
AD = BC

→ The base angles in


isosceles trapezoid are
A B equal
Isosceles trapezoid
∟A = ∟B
∟C = ∟D
Formula
Formula
Formula
Guess

C
D F
(1) Find the value of EF and AC.
If E is the midpoint of AD and
H F is the midpoints of DC and
one side of the square is 4cm.
E

(2) Find the area of the rectangle


G
EFHG ?
A B
Hints
(1) Given : side of the square is 4cm.
E and F are mid points of the sides AD and CD
To Find : length EF and length AC
Solution : AC is the diagonal of the square
AC = √2*s, find the value of AC
EF is a line from the mid points, therefore, DE = DF = 2
DEF forms a right angle triangle, right angled at D.
Therefore find the value of hypotenuse EF, using the
formula (EF)2 = (DE)2 + (DF)2
(2) Given : AE = 2, EF = (take the answer from previous
solution)
To Find : Area of rectangle
Solution : AGE forms the right angle triangle, right angled
at G With the help of Pythagoras theorem
( square of the hypotenuse = sum of the square of the other
two sides) solve and find the value of EG.
Therefore, area of rectangle = EF * EG
Quiz
1. Find the area of the square if one of its side is 8cm ?
2. Find the area of the square if the diagonal is 14cm ?
3. Find the length of the diagonal of a rectangle if the length is
7cm and the width is 2 less than the length ?
4. If the perimeter of the square and perimeter of the rectangle
are equal. Find the length of the rectangle , if the length is 4
more than the width and one side of the square is 9 ?
5. Find the area of the triangle given?
C

2 2

A 2
B
6) 7cm

17cm
10cm
8cm

28cm

Find the perimeter and the area of the trapezoid ?


7) Find the perimeter of the pentagon ?

3 4

E C

4 4

A B
Solution
1} s^2 = 8 * 8
= 64 sq.cm

2} 14 = √2s
s = 7√2 cm
In the question it is asked to find the area.
Therefore, Area of the square =(7√2)( 7√2) =98 sq cm

3} Length of the diagonal = √(49 + 25)


= √74 cm

4} 4s = 2(l + b)

4 * 9 = 2 * [(x + 4) + x]
width = x
x = 7 cm
Length = 7 + 4 = 11 cm
Solution
5} √3/4 side sq = √3/4 * 4
= √3 sq.cm

6} 1/2 * (b1 + b2) * h = 1/2 (28 + 7) * 8


= 140 sq.cm
perimeter = 62 cm

7} EC = √(9 + 16)
=5
ABCE is a rectangle <a = <b = 90
Therefore,
AB = EC
=5
Perimeter = AB + BC + CD + DE + EA
= 5+ 4+ 4+ 3+4
= 20 cm

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