Understanding

Environmental Management
System (EMS)

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 Environmental Management

Environmental Management
≠
the management of the environment

• the management of the humankind's interaction

with and impact upon the environment

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Environmental Management System (EMS)

“An EMS is :A continual cycle of planning, implementing,

reviewing and improving the processes and actions that
an organization undertakes to meet its environmental
obligations.”

ISO 14001 Section 3.5 Environmental Management

System (definition): That part of the overall
management system which includes organization
structure, planning activities, responsibilities,
practices, procedures, processes and resources for
developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and
maintaining the environmental policy.

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EMS:

•Serves as a tool to improve environmental performance

•Provides a systematic way of managing an organization’s
environmental affairs
•Is the aspect of the organization’s overall management
structure that addresses immediate and long-term impacts of
its products, services and processes on the environment
•Gives order and consistency for organizations to address
environmental concerns through the allocation of resources,
assignment of responsibility and ongoing evaluation of
practices, procedures and processes
•Focuses on continual improvement of the system

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How/Who to define environmental performance ?

• Example of relevance criteria for environmental performance:

9 Eco-efficiency: energy efficiency, less environmental
release, better raw material efficiency etc.
9 more compliance to relevant laws and regulation
9 Less complaint from community etc.
9 Reduced liability etc.
• The Organization must define its own performance standard
and this may be very specific to the particular
organization/company

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Eco-efficiency

“Eco-efficiency is the primary way in which business can

contribute to the concept of sustainable development. The
vision of eco-efficiency is simply
•to produce more from less
•Reducing waste and pollution
Using fewer energy and raw materials is obviously good for
the environment. It is also self-evidently good for business
because it cuts companies costs”
(Excerpts from the Bulletin of the World Business Council for Sustainable
Development)

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 Roles of an Engineer:
„ To design and operate chemical processes yielding
chemical products that meet customer specifications
and that are profitable
„ To maintain safe conditions for operating personals
and residents in the immediate vicinity of a
production facility
„ To be protective to the environment and human
health in conducting all aspect of his/her job

(D.T. Allen and D.R. Shonnard, 2002,Green Engineering, Prentice Hall PTR)

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An effective EMS is built on TQM concepts.

EMS ⇒ Continuous Improvement

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 Key EMS Benefits
• improved environmental performance
• reduced liability
• competitive advantage
• improved compliance
• reduced costs
• fewer accidents
• employee involvement
• improved public image
• enhanced customer trust
• more favorable credit terms
• meet customer requirements

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 POTENTIAL COSTS

Internal
• Staff (manager) time
• Other employee time
(Note: Internal labor costs represent the bulk of the EMS
resources expended by most organizations companies)

External
• Potential consulting assistance
• Outside training of personnel
• Certification cost (if required)

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Key Elements of an EMS:
• Environmental policy —a statement of an
organization’s commitment to the environment. This
policy serves a framework for planning and action.
• Environmental aspects — Identify environmental
attributes of products, activities and services. Determine
those that could have significant impacts on the
environment.
• Legal and other requirements — Identify and ensure
access to relevant laws and regulations, as well as other
requirements to which an organization adheres.
• Objectives and targets — Establish environmental
goals for your organization, in line with your policy,
environmental impacts, the views of interested parties
and other factors.

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Key Elements of an EMS (cont’d):

• Environmental management program — Plan actions

necessary to achieve your objectives and targets.
• Structure and responsibility — Establish roles and
responsibilities for environmental management and
provide appropriate resources.
• Training, awareness and competence — Ensure that
your employees are trained and capable of carrying out
their environmental responsibilities.
• Communication — Establish processes for internal and
external communications on environmental management
issues.
• EMS documentation — Maintain information on your
EMS and related documents.

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Key Elements of an EMS (cont’d):

• Document control — Ensure effective management of

procedures and other system documents.
• Operational control — Identify, plan and manage your
operations and activities in line with your policy,
objectives and targets.
• Emergency preparedness and response — Identify
potential emergencies and develop procedures for
preventing and responding to them.
• Monitoring and measurement — Monitor key
activities and track performance. Conduct periodic
assessments of compliance with legal requirements.
• Nonconformance and corrective and preventive
action — Identify and correct problems and prevent
their recurrence.

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Key Elements of an EMS (cont’d):

• Records — Maintain and manage records of EMS

performance.
• EMS audit — Periodically verify that your EMS is
operating as intended. It may involve both internal as
well as external auditor
• Management review — Periodically review your EMS
with an eye to continual improvement.

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Environmental Policy

• An environmental policy is top management’s declaration

of its commitment to the environment. This policy should
serve as the foundation for your EMS and provide a
unifying vision of environmental concern by the entire
organization
• The heart and soul of the EMS is a documented
environmental policy providing the company or
.
facility an overall sense of direction. The policy
statement sets the overall level of environmental
responsibility and performance which the
organization or facility seeks.

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Top management must define the environmental
policy and ensure that the policy:

• is appropriate to the scale and kinds of environmental impacts

of the company or facilities activities, products and services;
• is aligned with the services and operations;
• provides the framework for setting and reviewing
environmental objectives and targets;
• includes a commitment to (1) continual improvement (2) the
prevention of pollution (3) compliance with applicable
environmental standards and regulations and voluntary codes
and principles to which the company or facility subscribes;
• is documented, implemented, maintained and communicated
to all employees;
• is available to the public.

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Three Pillars of an Environmental Policy

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 • EMS design and
implementation also
should take into account
the Pollution
Prevention hierarchy.
• In evaluating P2
opportunities,
organizations should
start at the top of the
pyramid (i.e., source
reduction) and work
Prevention of Pollution Hierarchy their way down as
needed to define the
most appropriate
methods

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Contoh Environmental Policy:

Environmental Policy
SEDAPAL1, Lima, Peru
“We declare our permanent commitment to contribute towards the
sustainable development of the cities of Lima and Callao,
providing efficient drinking water and wastewater treatment
services, taking a cautionary approach and making responsible
use of natural resources, based on principles of continual
improvement of our environmental performance, prevention of
pollution and respect for applicable environmental law.

December 7, 1999
Iso 1400 provide a standard form for Environmental Policy. (See
a hand out)

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Important Feature of Environmental Policy

Keep the policy simple and understandable

The environmental policy should be explicit enough to be audited.
Directly related to your products or services
Make sure that your employees understand the policy.

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Environmental Policy Worksheet

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Identifying Environmental Aspects
How an organization interfaces with the environment

Environmental Aspect:
“Element of an organization’s activities, products, or
services that can interact with the environment.”

Environmental Impact :
“Any change to the environment, whether adverse or
beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an
organization’s activities, products, or services.”

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Some Potential Environmental Aspect Categories

• Air Emissions
• Solid and Hazardous Wastes
• Contamination of Land
• Local Issues (e.g. noise, odor, dust, traffic, etc.)
• Water Discharges
• Energy Use
• Raw Material and Resource Use (water, energy, etc.)
• Hazardous Material Storage and Handling

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Contoh Worksheet untuk evaluasi environmental aspect:

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The Link Between Aspects and Impacts (some examples
from a real company)

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Environmental Aspects Worksheet

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Legal and Other Requirements

Legal requirements include:

• Government requirements
• Provincial and local requirements
• Standards in locations where you sell products/services
• Permit conditions (“halal” etc.)

Example of Other requirements (in USA):

• Company-specific codes
• International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) Charter for Sustainable Development
• American Chemistry Council’s (ACC) Responsible Care
• American Petroleum Institute’s Strategies for Today’s Environmental Partnership
(API STEP)
• Other industry codes or programs to which your organization voluntarily
subscribes

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How to Obtain information on Legal Requirements?

• Commercial services (with updates offered on-

line, on CD-ROM or in paper form);
• regulatory agencies (federal, state and local);
• trade groups / associations;
• the Internet
• public libraries;
• seminars and courses;
• newsletters / magazines;
• consultants and attorneys; and
• customers, vendors and other companies.

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Beberapa Aspek Lingkungan yang di atur

• Standar emisi gas buang

•Standar air limbah
•Standar kebisingan
•Etc.

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Tugas

Yogyakarta sebagai kota pelajar dan wisata sangat potensial untuk tumbuhnya
industri kuliner dan service seperti londry. Saudara diminta untuk membantu
salah satu dari industri-industri berikut untuk mentransformasi menjadi
organisasi perusahaan yang memiliki environmental management system yang
baik.
1. Industri loundry
2. Restoran
3. Penyewaan “kost”
Sebagai langkah awal rumuskanlah/identifikasi:
1. Environmental aspects
2. Legal and other requirements (cari peraturan yang relevan dari lembaga
terkait)
Lalu rumuskanlah Environmental policy yang bagus untuk industri yang saudara
pilih. Buatlah laporan singkat uuntuk pekerjaan saudara

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Hazard

The potential for a substance or situation to cause

harm or create adverse impacts on persons or
environment (Hazard could be physical,
mechanical or thermal) or chemical or combined of
both

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Risk

A measure of human injury, environmental damage,

or economic loss in terms of both the incident
likelihood and the magnitude of the loss or injury

(Suatu ukuran dari cedera pada manusia, kerusakan

pada lingkungan atau kerugian secara ekonomi sebagai
fungsi probabilitias kejadian dan besarnya kehilangan
atau cedera )

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THE CHEMISTRY OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

• Bahan-bahan beracun (toxic)

• Mudah terbakar (flammable)
• Mudah meledak (explosive)

Hazard berhubungan dengan sifat-sifat kimia

maupun fisika dari bahan

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 Physical State at 2O0C--the physical nature of a chemical
(solid, liquid, or gas) at 20°C (i.e., room temperature). Changing
the temperature may alter the physical state, depending on the
magnitude and direction of the change relative to the melting and
boiling points of the material.
Vapor Pressure (IT)—
• Liquids with high vapor pressures generally represent a
greater fire hazard than those with lower vapor pressures.
• Consequently, drummed materials with high vapor pressures
in particular should not be stored in direct sunlight, as
overheating of the materials and resultant increases in vapor
pressures could result in bulging drums with failed or
weakened seams.
• A material which has a high vapor pressure is one that is
highly volatile, and therefore, represents a potentially high
risk due to inhalation hazards.

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Vapor Density (VD)--The mass per unit volume of a given
vapor/gas relative to that of air.

• Heavy vapors can pose a significant hazard because of the

way they accumulate: if toxic, they may poison workers; it
nontoxic, they may displace air and cause suffocation by
oxygen deficiency; if flammable, once presented with an
ignition source, they represent a fire or explosion hazard.
• Examples of gases heavier than air include carbon dioxide,
chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur dioxide.
• E.g. acetaldehyde with a vapor density of 1.5 is heavier than air and
will accumulate in low spots, while acetylene with a vapor density of
0.9 is lighter than air and will rise and disperse.

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Specific Gravity (SG)--the ratio of the density of a liquid as
compared with that of water.

• Insoluble materials will sink or float in water depending on the

SG.
• Materials heavier than water have SGs > 1, and materials lighter
than water have SGs < 1.
• E.g. lead, mercury, and carbon tetrachloride with SGs of 11.3,
13.6, and 1.6, respectively, will sink, whereas gasoline with a SG
of 0.66 to 0.69, will float on water.

Flashpoint--the lowest temperature at which a material gives off

enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of
the liquid within the vessel used.
• The flashpoint temperature of 140°F (closed cup) is the criterion
used by EPA to decide whether a chemical is hazardous by the
definition of ignitability.

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Fire Point--the temperature at which a liquid gives off enough
vapor to continue to burn when ignited.

Auto-Ignition Temperature--the temperature at which ignition

occurs without an ignition source and the material continues to burn
without further heat input.

Flammable or Explosive Limits--the upper and lower vapor

concentrations at which a mixture will burn or explode.
• E.g. The lower explosive limit of p-xylene is 1.1 percent by
volume in air, whereas the upper explosive limit is 7.0 percent in
air.
• A mixture of p-xylene vapor and air having a concentration of <
1.1 percent in air is too lean in p-xylene vapor to burn. By
subtraction (7.0 - 1.1) p-xylene is said to have a flammable
range of 5.9.

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Heat Content-- the heat released by complete combustion of a
unit weight of material.

E.g. Methane has a heat content of about 21,500 Btu/lb while

benzene contains about 17,250 Btu/lb.

Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (KOW) -- the

equilibrium ratio of the concentrations of material partitioned
between octanol and water.
• This coefficient is considered to be an index of the potential
of a chemical to be bio-accumulated.
• Higher values of KOW, are associated with greater bio-
accumulative potentials.

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Threshold Limit Value (TLV)-- the exposure level under
which most people can work for eight hours a day, day after day, with
no harmful effects.

• A table of these values and accompanying precautions for

most common industrial materials is published annually by the
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
(ACGIH).

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