Java Foundations 3rd Edition Lewis Solutions Manual

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Java Foundations, 3rdEdtion Exercise Solutions, Ch. 4

Chapter 4 Exercise Solutions

EX 4.1. What happens in the MinOfThree program if two or more of the values are
equal? If exactly two of the values are equal, does it matter whether the equal
values are lower or higher than the third?
If two or more values are equal, the program still prints the lowest value. Because only
less than comparisons are made, the comparison of two equal values produces a false
result. If two values are equal, and lower than the third value, then one of the two lower
but equal values is printed. If all three values are equal, then this value is printed.
Which “version” of the equal value is irrelevant.
If only two values are equal, it does not matter whether the third is lower or higher. The
correct result is determined in either case. If the two equal values are lower than the
third, then one of the two lower but equal values is printed. If the two equal values are
higher than the third, then the third value is printed.

EX 4.2. What is wrong with the following code fragment? Rewrite it so that it produces
correct output.
if (total == MAX)
if (total < sum)
System.out.println("total == MAX and < sum.");
else
System.out.println("total is not equal to MAX");
Despite the indentation, the else clause is associated with the immediately preceding if
rather than the first if. The program will produce the correct output if it is rewritten as:
if (total == MAX)
{
if (total < sum)
System.out.println("total == MAX and < sum.");
}
else
System.out.println("total is not equal to MAX");

EX 4.3. What is wrong with the following code fragment? Will this code compile if it is
part of an otherwise valid program? Explain.
if (length = MIN_LENGTH)
System.out.println("The length is minimal.");
The assignment operator (=) is used erroneously in place of the equality operator (==).
Hence, it will not compile in an otherwise valid program.

EX 4.4. What output is produced by the following code fragment?

int num = 87, max = 25;
if (num >= max*2)
System.out.println("apple");
System.out.println("orange");
System.out.println("pear");
The second println statement is improperly indented, so the output produced is:

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Java Foundations, 3rdEdtion Exercise Solutions, Ch. 4

apple
orange
pear

EX 4.5. What output is produced by the following code fragment?

int limit = 100, num1 = 15, num2 = 40;
if (limit <= limit)
{
if (num1 == num2)
System.out.println("lemon");
System.out.println("lime");
}
System.out.println("grape");
The output is:
lime
grape

EX 4.6. Put the following list of strings in lexicographic order as if determined by the
compareTo method of the String class. Consult the Unicode chart in Appendix
C.
"fred"
"Ethel"
"?-?-?-?"
"{([])}"
"Lucy"
"ricky"
"book"
"******"
"12345"
" "
"HEPHALUMP"
"bookkeeper"
"6789"
";+<?"
"^^^^^^^^^^"
"hephalump"
The strings in lexicographic order:
" "
"******"
"12345"
"6789"
";+<?"
"?-?-?-?"
"Ethel"
"HEPHALUMP"
Java Foundations, 3rdEdtion Exercise Solutions, Ch. 4

"Lucy"
"^^^^^^^^^^"
"book"
"bookkeeper"
"fred"
"hephalump"
"ricky"
"{([])}"

EX 4.7. What output is produced by the following code fragment?

int num = 1, max = 20;
while (num < max)
{
System.out.println(num);
num += 4;
}
The output produced is:
1
5
9
13
17

EX 4.8. What output is produced by the following code fragment?

int num = 1, max = 20;
while (num < max)
{
if (num%2 == 0)
System.out.println(num);
num++;
}
The output produced is:
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18

EX 4.9. What output is produced by the following code fragment?

for (int num = 0; num <= 200; num += 2)
System.out.println(num);
Java Foundations, 3rdEdtion Exercise Solutions, Ch. 4

The output produced is the even numbers from 0 to 200:

0
2
4
and so on until…
198
200

EX 4.10. What output is produced by the following code fragment?

for (int val = 200; val >= 0; val -= 1)
if (val % 4 != 0)
System.out.println(val);
The output produced is all values from 200 down to 0, except those that are evenly
divisible by 4:
199
198
197
195
and so on until…
5
3
2
1

EX 4.11. Transform the following while loop into an equivalent do loop (make sure it
produces the same output).
int num = 1;
while (num < 20)
{
num++;
System.out.println(num);
}
This code can be written using a do loop as follows:
int num = 1;
do
{
num++;
System.out.println(num);
}
while (num < 20);

EX 4.12. Transform the while loop from exercise 4.11 into an equivalent for loop (make
sure it produces the same output).
for (int num = 2; num <=20; num ++)
System.out.println(num);
Java Foundations, 3rdEdtion Exercise Solutions, Ch. 4

EX 4.13. What is wrong with the following code fragment? What are three distinct ways it
could be changed to remove the flaw?
count = 50;
while (count >= 0)
{
System.out.println(count);
count = count + 1;
}
The loop is infinite because count initially is greater than zero, and continues to
increase in value. The flaw can be removed by (1) decrementing rather than
incrementing count, (2) initializing count to 0 and using, as the condition of the while
loop, count <= 50, and (3) picking an upper limit and using, as the condition of the
while loop, count <= upperLimit.

EX 4.14. Write a while loop that verifies that the user enters a positive integer value.
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a positive integer: ");
number = scan.nextInt();
while (number <= 0)
{
System.out.print("That number was not positive.");
System.out.print("Enter a positive integer: ");
number = scan.nextInt();
}

EX 4.15. Write a do loop that verifies that the user enters an even integer value.
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
do
{
System.out.print("Enter an even integer: ");
number = scan.nextInt();
}
while {number%2 != 0);

EX 4.16. Write a code fragment that reads and prints integer values entered by a user until
a particular sentinel value (stored in SENTINEL) is entered. Do not print the
sentinel value.
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter some integers (" + SENTINEL +
" to quit): ");
number = scan.nextInt();
while (number != SENTINEL)
{
System.out.println(number);
number = scan.nextInt();
}
Java Foundations, 3rdEdtion Exercise Solutions, Ch. 4

EX 4.17. Write a for loop to print the odd numbers from 1 to 99 (inclusive).
for (int value = 1; value <= 99; value +=2)
System.out.println(value);

EX 4.18. Write a for loop to print the multiples of 3 from 300 down to 3.
for (int value = 300; value >= 3, value -= 3)
System.out.println(value);

EX 4.19. Write a code fragment that reads 10 integer values from the user and prints the
highest value entered.
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
int max, number;
System.out.print("Enter an integer: ");
max = scan.nextInt();
for (int count = 2; count <= 10; count++)
{
System.out.print("Enter another integer: ");
number = scan.nextInt();
if (number > max)
max = number;
}
System.out.println("The highest value is :" + max);

EX 4.20. Write a code fragment that computes the sum of the integers from 20 to 70,
inclusive, then prints the results.
int sum = 0;
for (int count = 20; count <= 70; count++)
sum += count;
System.out.println("The sum is " + sum);

EX 4.21. Write a code fragment that determines and prints the number of times the
character 'z' appears in a String object called name.
int count = 0;
for (int index = 0; index < name.length(); index++)
if (name.charAt(index) == 'z')
count++;
System.out.println("The character \'z\' appears "
+ count + " time(s)");

EX 4.22. Write a code fragment that prints the characters stored in a String object called
str backward.
for (int index = str.length()-1; index >= 0; index--)
System.out.print(str.charAt(index));
System.out.println();
Java Foundations 3rd Edition Lewis Solutions Manual
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Java Foundations, 3rdEdtion Exercise Solutions, Ch. 4

EX 4.23. Write a code fragment that prints every other character in a String object called
word starting with the first character.
for (int index = 0; index < word.length(); index +=2)
System.out.println(word.charAt(index));

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