PMT

Mark Scheme – Results

January 2014

International Advanced Level Biology

(WBI01) Paper 01

Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and

Health
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January 2014
Publications Code IA037564
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2014
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General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they
mark the last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the e boundaries may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if
the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is
not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must
be consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.
 Mark schemes will indicate within the table where, and which strands of QWC, are being assessed. The strands are as
follows:

i) ensure that text is legible and that spelling, punctuation and grammar are accurate so that meaning is clear
ii) select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to complex subject matter
iii) organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when appropriate
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Question
Answer Mark
Number
1(a)(i) B
(1)

Question
Answer Mark
Number
1(a)(ii) B
(1)

Question
Answer Mark
Number
1(a)(iii) D
(1)

Question
Answer Mark
Number
1(a)(iv) A
(1)
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Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number

1(b) 1. idea that water is a solvent ;

2. idea that water is {slightly charged / dipole / 2. ACCEPT references to

polar / eq} ; hydrogen bonding

3. idea that {polar molecules / ions / eq} can

dissolve in water ;

4. idea that water is {viscous / fluid / eq} ;

5. idea of water as a liquid assists mass flow

6. correct reference to cohesion / adhesion ;

(3)
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Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number

2(a) 1. Arrow(s) indicating blood flow through right ACCEPT for one mark arrow
side ; showing blood moving from atria
to ventricles OR ventricles to
2. Arrow(s) indicating blood flow through left arteries on both sides
side ;
(2)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number

2(b) (i) 0.8 / 0.80 ;

(1)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number

2(b) (ii) 1. idea that (semilunar) valves are closed ; 1. ACCEPT open at 0.4 and
closed at 0.5
2. because blood { has flowed back onto the valve /
pressure in artery is greater (than the ventricle) } / 2. ACCEPT blood is flowing into
eq ; ventricle from the artery
(2)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number

2(b)(iii) calculation shows that they are using 60% and Answer of 30 gets both marks
50cm3 ;
30 ; (2)
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Question
Number
Answer Additional Guidance Mark

2 (c) 1. valve does not shut properly / eq ; IGNORE comments about

inefficient pumping
2. some backflow of blood (from ventricle to
atrium) / eq ;

3. during ventricular systole / when ventricles

contract / eq ;

4. idea of lower blood pressure ;

5. idea of less efficient supply of oxygen ;

6. idea that blood pressure in lungs increases ;

(3)
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Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number

3(a)(i) 1. idea that energy is required ;

2. idea that chloride ions are moving against their 2. ACCEPT against diffusion ient
concentration ient ;
3. IGNORE activation unqualified,
3. idea of (ATP causes) conformational change to CFTR
(transport) protein ;
(2)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number

3(a)(ii) 1. { more / high / eq } chloride ions in lumen of

intestine / eq ;

2. idea that other ions (sodium) follow chloride into

the lumen ;

3. water moves into the lumen / eq ;

4. by osmosis ;

5. idea that chloride ions cannot be reabsorbed fast

enough ;

6. idea that excess water not reabsorbed into the

blood / eq ;
(4)
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Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
ACCEPT piecing together to get
3(a)(iii) 1. idea that both use proteins ; comparison

2. idea that facilitated diffusion goes down a 2. NOT along ient

concentration ient while active transport can ACCEPT up instead of against
transport against the concentration ient ;

3. active transport uses {ATP / energy} while

facilitated diffusion does not / eq ;
(2)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number

3(b) 1. idea of replacing lost water ; 1. IGNORE fluid

2. idea that extra water lowers the solute

concentration in lumen ;

3. idea of less water enters the { lumen / intestine / 3. ACCEPT reduces osmosis
eq } from blood ; from blood

4. starch is not soluble / idea that starch does not

affect osmosis ;

5. idea that starch is digested slowly ;

6. starch is a polysaccharide ;
(4)
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Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(a)
1. alveoli / alveolus ; 1. IGNORE air sac

2. surface area ;

3. oxygen ; 3. ACCEPT O2

4. diffusion ;
(4)
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Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(b)
1. idea that mass flow generated by heart ;

2. idea that moving blood helps to maintain a

concentration ient ;

3. idea that a { steep / eq } concentration ient gives

a { fast / eq } rate of diffusion ;

4. idea of { network / lots / eq } of capillaries ;

5. large surface area of capillaries / eq ;

6. idea that large surface area increases the rate of

diffusion ;

7. idea that capillaries have very thin walls ; 7. IGNORE thin capillaries

8. idea that diffusion is fastest over small distances ; 8. ACCEPT references to Fick’s
law
9. idea that no {organs / cells / tissues } are far
away from blood / capillaries cover alveoli / eq ;

10. idea that efficiency is related to double

circulation ;

(5)
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Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
5(a)QWC (QWC – Spelling of technical terms must be correct QWC emphasis spelling
and the answer must be organised in a logical
sequence)

1. idea of energy imbalance ; 1. ACCEPT fat not used for

energy
2. idea of individual becoming {overweight /
obese / eq } ;

3. idea of increased blood pressure ; 3. ACCEPT reference to

hypertension
4. idea of obesity leads to diabetes (a CVD risk
factor) ;

5. idea of increased (blood) {cholesterol / LDL

levels / LDL to HDL ratio} ;

6. idea of {damage to endothelium / overloading 6. ACCEPT lining

of receptors} ;

7. formation of { atheroma / plaque /

atherosclerosis } / eq ;

8. idea of {loss of elasticity of artery / narrowing 8. IGNORE narrowing of artery

of lumen / eq } ;

(5)
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Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
5 (b) (i)
1. increase in number of risk factors increases the 1. ACCEPT positive correlation
risk of developing CVD / eq ;

2. credit use of quantitative manipulated data ; 2. ACCEPT

any that follow this pattern
subtraction e.g. 0 to 1 = 0.9
% increase e.g. 1 to 2 = 36.4%
times increase e.g. 2 to 3 = x 2 /
doubles
(2)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
5(b) (ii)
Any one from:
1. idea of less energy intake ;

2. less salt ;

3. {less / moderate / no} alcohol ;

4. (plant) {statins / sterols} ; 4. ACCEPT stanols

IGNORE polyunsaturated fats
5. antioxidants e.g. vitamin C / eq ; unless qualified by replacing
saturated fats
6. more (dietary) fibre / roughage / eq ;
(1)
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Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
5 (c)
Reference to any one of the following:

1. muscle inflammation

2. liver {damage/failure}

3. {muscle/joint} {aches/pains}

4. {nausea/constipation/diarrhoea}

5. kidney {damage/failure}

6. cataracts

7. diabetes

8. insomnia / eq ;

9. headache
(1)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
5 (d)
1. idea of less blood volume ;

2. idea of lower blood pressure ;

3. less chance of {damage to wall of artery / 3. IGNORE reference to (2)

atherosclerosis / eq } ; vessels
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Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
6(a) DEDUCT one mark if water
molecule shown as product

1. correct CHOH drawn on C1 on galactose : 1. OH above H on C1

2. correct CHOH drawn on C4 of other molecule ; 2. H above OH on C4

IGNORE other parts of the

molecule (2)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
6(b) QWC QWC – (Spelling of technical terms must be correct QWC emphasis is clarity of
and the answer must be organised in a logical expression
sequence)

1. change in DNA sequence / eq ;

2. idea of different mRNA ;

3. change in { amino acid / AA sequence / primary

structure of protein } / reference to different R
groups ;

4. idea of different { bonding / tertiary structure / 3D

shape / folding } ;

5. change in {shape / properties} of the active site /

enzyme not made ;

6. galactose does not fit in the enzymes active site / 6. ACCEPT substrate
no enzyme available to break down galactose / eq
; (4)
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Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
6(c)(i) ACCEPT for Mp1 and Mp2 an
1. { parents / 8 and 9 } do not have galactosaemia argument based on individuals 4,
but { some of their children / 12 and 13 } do ; 6 and 7 being heterozygous in
order to produce 12 and 13

2. { parents / 8 and 9 } must be { heterozygous / 2. ACCEPT parent 8 and 9 are

carriers } ; likely to be

3. idea that it is very unlikely to have a spontaneous

mutation happening { 2 / 3 } times in the same
family tree ;

4. idea of low frequency of recessive alleles ; 4. ACCEPT only 3 in this family

tree have galactosaemia
(2)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
6 (c) (ii)
1. genotype of heterozygous parents shown
e.g. Gg x Gg ;

2. genotypes of possible children correctly shown ;

ଵ
3. (probability =) / 25% / 1 in 4 / 0.25 ; 3. only ACCEPT C.E. if correct
ସ
probability given from their
genetic diagram
(3)
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Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
7(a)(i)
1. idea that increasing protease concentration 1. ACCEPT positive correlation
increases the rate of reaction ;

2. idea that it is a non- linear increase ; 2. ACCEPT comparison of degree

of change before and after 0.2 /
0.23 gdm-3
IGNORE start or beginning

3. correct manipulation of figures ; 3. IGNORE direct reading from

the graph
ACCEPT subtractions, divisions,
percentages (2)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
7(a)(ii)
amino acid ;
(1)
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Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
7(a)(iii)
1. time to digest { stain / blood stain } ; For 1 & 2, ACCEPT other
methodology e.g. use of
2. description of how to measure the dependent colorimeter to measure blood
variable – e.g. (blood) stain reduced to standard removed from cloth.
colour / stain absence ;

3. need to control {concentration / volume / mass /

source } of blood / size of stain ;

4. idea of same volume of enzyme ;

5. reference to another named controlled variable

e.g. pH, temperature, material ;

6. description of how variable controlled ;

7. idea of {replicates / repeats} (at each of the

enzyme concentrations used) ;
(5)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
7(b)(i)
1. idea of increased surface area ;

2. idea of more chance of { a collision between

enzyme and substrate / enzyme-substrate
complex } ;
(2)
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Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
7(b) (ii)
1. fatty acid ;

2. glycerol ;

3. monoglyceride / diglyceride ;
(2)
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Question
Answer Mark
Number
8(a) (i)
B
(1)

Question
Answer Mark
Number
8(a) (ii)
C
(1)

Question
Answer Mark
Number
8(a) (iii)
A
(1)

Question
Answer Mark
Number
8(a) (iv)
A
(1)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
8 (b)
1. abortion / false positives / killing healthy fetus / eq ;

2. miscarriage / damage to embryo / eq ;

3. stress to parents / eq ; 3. ACCEPT difficult decisions

4. social stigma of having disabled child / eq ;

5. other social issues 5. ACCEPT availability / cost

implications to health service or
individuals
(2)
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Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
8 (c)
1. idea of thick mucus in the reproductive system ; 1. ACCEPT sticky mucus

2. idea that sperm can’t reach egg / eq ; 2. ACCEPT prevents fertilisation

3. idea that egg movement affected ;

4. idea that { fallopian tube / cervix / eq } { blocked / 4. ACCEPT oviduct

narrowed / eq } ;

5. idea that implantation impaired ;

(2)
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