NOA-SOLUTINO - Cisco Network Associate Service Provider Workbook
NOA-SOLUTINO - Cisco Network Associate Service Provider Workbook
It is a network
layer protocol (protocol number-112).
The number of routers (group members) in a group acts as a virtual logical router which will be the
default gateway of all the local hosts. If one router goes down, one of the other group members can
take place for the responsibilities for forwarding the traffic.
Some important terms related to VRRP :
1. virtual IP address : An IP address is assigned as a virtual IP address from the local subnet
which is configured as a default gateway for all the local hosts.
2. Virtual MAC address : A virtual MAC address is automatically generated by taking the last 8
bytes as the VRRP group number in hexadecimal. In VRRP, Mac address used is
0000.5e00.01xx. Here, xx is the VRRP group number in hexadecimal.
3. Master router : One of the VRRP group member is elected as master router which takes up the
responsibility of forwarding the local traffic. The router is elected on the basis of priority. If
some group member of VRRP group has higher priority than others then it will be elected as
master router. If the priority is same(by default 100) then the router having the highest IP
address will become the master router.
4. Backup routers : Only one of the VRRP group member will become the master router while
others will be back up routers. In case the master router fails then one of the backup routers will
become master router.
5. Master advertisement timer : The master router multicast the keep-alive messages at
224.0.0.18 in every 1 second.
6. Master dead timer : The time in which the backup router will take up the responsibilities of
Master router if the master advertisement message is not received. It is, by default, 3.69
seconds.
7. Prempt : It is a state in which one of the backup routers become the master router (when the
master router goes down). Also, when the master router comes up again, it will become the
master router as it’s priority is still higher.
8. Object tracking : The VRRP object tracking provides a way in which the best router will
become the master router. The current master router continuously polls the tracked object state
(such as line protocol is up or down). Suppose if the master router line protocol is down then the
priority of backup router will be increased dynamically i.e it will become the master router.
9. Authentication :
VRRP supports 3 types of authentication –
1. No authentication
2. Plain text authentication
3. MD5 authentication