TestNG interview questions (selenium)

What is TestNG?

TestNG is a testing framework designed to simplify a broad range of

testing needs, from unit testing to integration testing. For more
information.

2. What are the advantages of TestNG?

1. TestNG provides parallel execution of test methods

2. It allows to define dependency of one test method over other
method
3. It allows to assign priority to test methods
4. It allows grouping of test methods into test groups
5. It has support for parameterizing test cases using @Parameters
annotation
6. It allows data driven testing using @DataProvider annotation
7. It has different assertions that helps in checking the expected
and actual results
8. Detailed (HTML) reports

3. What are the annotations available in TestNG?

@BeforeTest
@AfterTest
@BeforeClass
@AfterClass
@BeforeMethod
@AfterMethod
@BeforeSuite
@AfterSuite
@BeforeGroups
@AfterGroups
@Test

Practical Example
4. Can you arrange the below testng.xml tags from parent to
child?

1 <test>

2 <suite>

3 <class>

4 <methods>

5 <classes>

The correct order of the TestNG tags are as follows

1 <suite>

2 <test>

3 <classes>

4 <class>

5 <methods>

5. How to create and run testng.xml ?

In TestNG framework, we need to create testng.xml file to create

and handle multiple test classes. We do configure our test run, set
test dependency, include or exclude any test, method, class or
package and set priority etc in the xml file.

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6. What is the importance of testng.xml file?

In a Selenium TestNG project, we use testng.xml file to configure
the complete test suite in a single file. Some of the features are as
follows.

 testng.xml file allows to include or exclude the execution of test

methods and test groups
 It allows to pass parameters to the test cases
 Allows to add group dependencies
 Allows to add priorities to the test cases
 Allows to configure parallel execution of test cases
 Allows to parameterize the test cases

7. How to pass parameter through testng.xml file to a test

case?

We could define the parameters in the testng.xml file and then

reference those parameters in the source files.

Create a java test class, say, ParameterizedTest.java and add a

test method say parameterizedTest() to the test class. This method
takes a string as input parameter. Add the annotation
@Parameters(“browser”) to this method.

1 // TestNG Interview Questions

2 public class ParameterizedTest {

3 @Test

4 @Parameters("browser")

5 public void parameterizedTest(String browser){

6 if(browser.equals("firefox")){

7 System.out.println("Open Firefox Driver");

8 }else if(browser.equals("chrome")){
9 System.out.println("Open Chrome Driver");

10 }

11 }

12 }

The parameter would be passed a value from testng.xml, which we

will see in the next step.

We could set the parameter using the below syntax in

the testng.xml file.

1 <parameter name="browser" value="firefox"/>

Here, name attribute represents the parameter name and value

represents the value of that parameter.

Practical Example

8. What is TestNG Assert and list out common TestNG

Assertions?

TestNG Asserts help us to verify the condition of the test in the

middle of the test run. Based on the TestNG Assertions, we will
consider a successful test only if it is completed the test run without
throwing any exception.

Some of the common assertions supported by TestNG are

 assertEqual(String actual,String expected)

 assertEqual(String actual,String expected, String message)
 assertEquals(boolean actual,boolean expected)
 assertTrue(condition)
 assertTrue(condition, message)
  assertFalse(condition)
 assertFalse(condition, message)

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9. What is Soft Assert in TestNG?

Soft Assert collects errors during @Test. Soft Assert does not throw
an exception when an assert fails and would continue with the next
step after the assert statement.

If there is any exception and you want to throw it then you need to
use assertAll() method as a last statement in the @Test and test
suite again continue with next @Test as it is.

Practical Example

10. What is Hard Assert in TestNG?

Hard Assert throws an AssertException immediately when an assert

statement fails and test suite continues with next @Test

Practical Example

11. What is exception test in TestNG?

TestNG gives an option for tracing the Exception handling of code.

You can verify whether a code throws the expected exception or
not. The expected exception to validate while running the test case
is mentioned using the expectedExceptions attribute value along
with @Test annotation.

Practical Example

12. How to set test case priority in TestNG?

We use priority attribute to the @Test annotations. In case priority
is not set then the test scripts execute in alphabetical order.

1 // TestNG Interview Questions

2 package TestNG;

3 import org.testng.annotations.*;

4 public class PriorityTestCase{

5 @Test(priority=0)

6 public void testCase1() {

7 system.out.println("Test Case 1");

8 }

9 @Test(priority=1)

10 public void testCase2() {

11 system.out.println("Test Case 2");

12 }

13 }

Output:

1 Test Case 1

2 Test Case 2

13. What is Parameterized testing in TestNG?

Parameterized tests allow developers to run the same test over and
over again using different values.
There are two ways to set these parameters:

 using testng.xml – Practical Example

 using Data Providers – Practical Example

14. How can we create data driven framework using TestNG?

By using @DataProvider annotation, we can create a Data Driven

Framework.

1 // TestNG Interview Questions

2 @DataProvider(name="getData")

3 public Object[][] getData(){

4 //Object [][] data = new Object [rowCount][colCount];

5 Object [][] data = new Object [2][2];

7 data [0][0] = "FirstUid";

8 data [0][1] = "FirstPWD";

10 data[1][0] = "SecondUid";

11 data[1][1] = "SecondPWD";

12

13 return data;

14

15 }

Practical Example

15. How to run a group of test cases using TestNG?

TestNG allows you to perform sophisticated groupings of test
methods. Not only can you declare that methods belong to groups,
but you can also specify groups that contain other groups. Then
TestNG can be invoked and asked to include a certain set of groups
(or regular expressions) while excluding another set. This gives you
maximum flexibility in how you partition your tests and doesn’t
require you to recompile anything if you want to run two different
sets of tests back to back.

Groups are specified in your testng.xml file and can be found either
under the <test> or <suite> tag. Groups specified in the <suite> tag
apply to all the <test> tags underneath.

1 @Test (groups = { "smokeTest", "functionalTest" })

2 public void loginTest(){

3 System.out.println("Logged in successfully");

4}

Practical Example

TestNG Interview Questions 16 – 33

16. How to create Group of Groups in TestNG?

Groups can also include other groups. These groups are

called MetaGroups. For example, you might want to define a
group all that includes smokeTest and functionalTest. Let’s modify
our testng.xml file as follows:
1 <groups>

2 <define name="all">

3 <include name="smokeTest"/>

4 <include name="functionalTest"/>

5 </define>

6 <run>

7 <include name="all" />

8 </run>

9 </groups>

Practical Example

17. How to run test cases in parallel using TestNG?

we can use “parallel” attribute in testng.xml to accomplish parallel

test execution in TestNG

The parallel attribute of suite tag can accept four values:

tests – All the test cases inside <test> tag of testng.xml file will run
parallel
classes – All the test cases inside a java class will run parallel
methods – All the methods with @Test annotation will execute
parallel
instances – Test cases in same instance will execute parallel but two
methods of two different instances will run in different thread.

1 <suite name="softwaretestingmaterial" parallel="methods">

Practical Example
18. How to exclude a particular test method from a test case
execution?

By adding the exclude tag in the testng.xml

1 <classes>

2 <class name="TestCaseName">

3 <methods>

4 <exclude name="TestMethodNameToExclude"/>

5 </methods>

6 </class>

7 </classes>

19. How to exclude a particular test group from a test case

execution?

By adding the exclude tag in the testng.xml

1 <groups>

2 <run>

3 <exclude name="TestGroupNameToExclude"/>

4 </run>

5 </groups>

Practical Example

20. How to disable a test case in TestNG ?

To disable the test case we use the parameter enabled = false to
the @Test annotation.

1 @Test(enabled = false)

21. How to skip a @Test method from execution in TestNG?

By using throw new SkipException()

Once SkipException() thrown, remaining part of that test method

will not be executed and control will goes directly to next test
method execution.

1 throw new SkipException("Skipping - This is not ready for testing ");

Practical Example

22. How to Ignore a test case in TestNG?

To ignore the test case we use the parameter enabled = false to the
@Test annotation.

1 @Test(enabled = false)

Practical Example
23. How TestNG allows to state dependencies?

TestNG allows two ways to declare the dependencies.

Using attributes dependsOnMethods in @Test annotations –
Practical Example
Using attributes dependsOnGroups in @Test annotations – Practical
Example

24. What are the different ways to produce reports for

TestNG results?

TestNG offers two ways to produce a report.

Listeners implement the interface org.testng.ITestListener and are

notified in real time of when a test starts, passes, fails, etc…

Reporters implement the interface org.testng.IReporterand are

notified when all the suites have been run by TestNG. The IReporter
instance receives a list of objects that describe the entire test run.

25. What is the use of @Listener annotation in TestNG?

TestNG listeners are used to configure reports and logging. One of

the most widely used listeners in testNG is ITestListener interface. It
has methods like onTestStart,
onTestSuccess, onTestFailure, onTestSkipped etc. We
should implement this interface creating a listener class of our own.
Next we should add the listeners annotation (@Listeners) in the
Class which was created.

Practical Example

26. How to write regular expression In testng.xml file to

search @Test methods containing “smoke” keyword.
Regular expression to find @Test methods containing keyword
“smoke” is as mentioned below.
1 <methods>

2 <include name=".*smoke.*"/>

3 </methods>

27. What is the time unit we specify in test suites and test
cases?
We specify the time unit in test suites and test cases is
in milliseconds.
28. List out various ways in which TestNG can be invoked?

TestNG can be invoked in the following ways

 Using Eclipse IDE

 Using ant build tool
 From the command line
 Using IntelliJ’s IDEA

29. How To Run TestNG Using Command Prompt?

Run the TestNG using command prompt

Open command prompt and use the below code

1 C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\STMSeleniumTutorial\workspace\SoftwareTestingMaterial

3 set

4 classpath=C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\STMSeleniumTutorial\workspace\SoftwareTestingMaterial\bin;C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\

5 STMSeleniumTutorial\workspace\SoftwareTestingMaterial\lib\*
 java org.testng.TestNG C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\STMSeleniumTutorial\workspace\SoftwareTestingMaterial\testng.xml

30. What is the use of @Test(invocationCount=x)?

The invocationcount attribute tells how many times TestNG should

run a test method

1 @Test(invocationCount = 10)

2 public void testCase1(){

In this example, the method testCase1 will be invoked ten times

31. What is the use of @Test(threadPoolSize=x)?

The threadPoolSize attribute tells to form a thread pool to run the

test method through multiple threads.

Note: This attribute is ignored if invocationCount is not specified

@Test(threadPoolSize = 3, <code class="plain">invocationCount = </code><code class="value">10</code>) public void

1
testCase1(){

In this example, the method testCase1 will be invoked from three

different threads

32. What does the test timeout mean in TestNG?

The maximum number of milliseconds a test case should take.

1 @Test(threadPoolSize = 3, invocationCount = 10, timeOut = 10000)

2 public void testCase1(){

In this example, the function testCase1 will be invoked ten times from
three different threads. Additionally, a time-out of ten seconds
guarantees that none of the threads will block on this thread
forever.

33. What are @Factory and @DataProvider annotation?

@Factory: A factory will execute all the test methods present inside
a test class using a separate instance of the respective class with
different set of data.

@DataProvider: A test method that uses DataProvider will be

executed the specific methods multiple number of times based on
the data provided by the DataProvider. The test method will be
executed using the same instance of the test class to which the test
method belongs.