Philippine Literature Prepared by: Prof. Vietor Rey Format : Competencies: ! 1, Trace the development of Philippine Literature in English from the early ‘American Period to the contemporary i times. |. Early literary historians divided Philippine literature in English into five periods. Period of Orientation (1898-1090) Period of intaton (110-1924) Period of Growth and Experimentation (1925-1941) Pri of Propaganda (1941-1944) Post: Liberation Peiod(1845-onwars) ‘The Period of Orientation (1898-1909) ‘began withthe Occupation of Maria by the American forces on August 13, 1898. extended to he publication ofthe College Foio in 1910 when Flipino writers made their frst attempts at expression inthe new language. ‘+ The natonaistic and rebetious spit against the American occupation also ‘ound expression in the Filipino Heratue in Engh ofthis perad, consisted mostly of articles deating with patiatsm and nationalism, ‘= However, only EY Renaciniento and the Free Press published wags in Engish. = 2. Highlight the historical influences that 2 inform Philippine literary productions. ‘The Period of Imitation (1910-1924) * began in 1910 when the College Folio meade its appearance in the Unvesiy #8. Analyze the recurrent themes, af the Pipes. 2 pervading thought and styles in English * This perd was cteractrzed by a stictadhrence tote conentanl forme Bervading thought ane styies in Engl feature as exemple in the wots of Lonel, Hanae, Eerson literary productions of Filipino writers. : 4, Interpret and analyze some literary texts of representative writers. . Aising Philippines, and Citizens, in action tothe Phippine Colfegfan, te LP student organ, Pilfppines Herald became the pioneer Flipine newspaper in English in 1920. ‘+ Paz Marquez Benitez gained some measure of mastory fr ahaad ofthe pariod as exemplified inher short story “Dead Stars.” This story was, for a lng time, considered “a mode! of perfection in characte daineation, local colo, pla, and message.” ‘+The frst book of poems and the frst novel in English writ by a Fipino \were published during this period: Precopio Solium’s Never Mind and Other Poems and Zoio M. Galang’s A Ghia of Sorrow. {is tho the at poets sng abo an lyn ube aril poe. bis ‘to wine at aes. 15 oso te greatest eves in He — whan to paste fos po sce i oe pole, we Cap sas sing at Be ang ‘een sino ao tw ling sos, Dssng tam wl nefate hagas. “Ahi of Seow" - Zoo M. Garg Period of Expansion end Experimentation (1925-1941) ‘Filipino wwiters mastered, oot only the fundamentals, but also the nuances of the English ‘anguage suticionty tobe able to wre in t wth mare conenc. ‘They tried ll forms of writing incucing the novel and the cama. ‘= Adeep attachment io the sol and a tong spr of liberalism tack possession ofthe writers, ‘+ Some critics considered this period from 1920 untl 1940 asthe Golden Era of Filpino writing in English. ‘+ Jase Garcia Via (ska Dovegton) excelled as acc, short story wit, and poet and tremendously infuenced Filipino writing. A number of short story unites “arrived” with Vila ~ Manuet Arguila, Paz Lalorena, Loreto Paras, Arturo B, Rotor ane Alfredo E. Litto. ‘Tennyson, Thackeray, and Macaulay; and by a careful observance ofthe rues of grammar and rhetoric ‘The pubicaton of magazines and nowepapers in English gave budding chance to see ther compositions in pint. Ex. Phifigpine Review, Independent, sa Let me hold the bucket wile you di,” fered. He lashed ara sole ove is shoulder ashe poured he water int he jar an again towered tie bucket. ‘No, ro, yu must at do that." Sho Pure os side ated one of isa. cout’ et you, a stronger..." ‘Yin 90" Ho sed down at her, ard noticed a sig fn of moisture cnging coun ner upper fp and experiences a sudan cst to wpe i aay wth is oretingt. He canted to over the bucke whe she ha to stand by. “Mesum Manuel Aguila + Filipino writers were influenced by Sherwood Anderson, Emest Hemingiay \Wiiam Seroyan, and Dorthy Parker. Marcelo Ge Gracia Concepcion's Azuoena became the frst book of Fiigin verse tobe printed in America. Oher poets were Amador T. Daguia, Ange Manalang Gla, and Luis Dato. + 121940, bough Ue intatine and efforts ofthe Philippine Wiles League, the CCommornreat Goverment started a yearly lerary contest. + The rst Fpinobiograpner to wite in English is Carts Gurina with nis Ti Great Malayan. \V Malas The Birth of Discontent showed tis mastery © the at of ony as wel as ofthe Erg fnguage, + , Inthe essay, the noble writings included Sahar P. Lope” prize-winning colestion Literature and Sactety and Francisco P. casano's Hortzons fron My Hipa Hut. + Flpno playwrights Rourished during tis period: Augusto C. Catanal (The 0 Lamp), Vida A Tan (The Husband of Mis. Cra), Severito Montano (The Lanc of Our Fathers), and Wid Ma. Guerrero (13 Plays), who became the mos pric dramatist|D0LFO: Di ou came hare ons, Wc Bro? {UND A, ee. Kindly ste fo 3 moment. now abo fa my eecton assured, your ears wasted TUN: fst a moment plese. am gvng you cance cut down your tse, Ten >usand psas jou wha fa i gh YDOLFO: fe Buna, you dot understand me | entered tis fit 0 sypeo ‘tain principles. And thase nits aro not fe sal Ws te rose of yr essay) ke vst, tang) wt ou gootght. “Tne usta of Mis. Cat”. WA, Tan {od of Propaganda (1942-1944) ‘The war dampened the literasy enthusiasm ofthe preceding period ‘Tee wg of mis period was lergely jou, and the erry cutout was negigibe fo ro reasons: (1) twas, in the main insincere, and (there was _very tle opportunity for publication, ‘This period sae the rise of Carlos P. Romulo, the frst Flipino writer and Journalist to win intemationl ecognion. He won the Pulizer re, and his 1 Saw the Fall ofthe Philippines, 1 See the Philippines Rise, and Mother America scare best sles, ‘lberation Period (1945-) “The militancy which might be expected as aresuit ofthe war was very evident among joomaists an eos Te mos significant achievement of his prod was te recognition forded to Flpino witers abroad. Carts Bulasan put outa book af poems caled Voice of Bataan insnediately attr the outbreak of World War. This volume was flowed by The Laughter of My Father, 2 colecton of humorous short striae and America fs in the eat, an autograph. Father ad | sted othe ut He was roid of, bathe had no eto ‘aking me many agit he eed He fad eter hopes fare, He acer eoarad en afi he kept is non taout le ad saved yeas. Than we fan lon, te my mati ad th ay 0 Ss Fhe exstanod het ed pe "The Lager of My Fate” Cars Basan ‘+ Stevan Javelana published his novel Without Seeing the Dawn, a wer novel comparabie to Piza’s masterpieces. “er wa al Eh 2 oh f Dadri ars anda ed wo Om cca sume tne. Te boy, now had he lake? Dvd he ve come f fart cal i nae, ‘saying, “Tata ~ Falter?” He wanted to ask er ute ont Ho Nat come dee eipecing to find peace inthe bosom ais family, Peace id nol welcome, ut Git ‘Sa ere ons haunches at sass. Without Sing te Dave - Steven Javea © ose Garcia Vilas colecton of poomns Have Come, Am Hore reveaied roat ower beth in thought and expession and elite the warmest praises from ‘American and Engish ees. 1, Philippine Contemporary Literature in English: Tradition and ‘Change by Opholia A. Dmalanta and Virginia M. Mata (1985) outined Phifppine iterary history into three periods. A. The Pre-War Years from the 20's to 1981 ‘+ Phippie iterate n English began wth the coming of the Americans in 4888, Spanish contrued to dominate the circle of te eit, but in the 305 ft began to oive way to English, Vernacular languages continvad tobe used in homes. | | 1 ' \ { i i { j ‘+ UP was established in 1908, a landmark i the ferary development ofthe county long the lines of Western tracts. ft tiggeed the evelopment and fonering of Philp literature in English Win American terboks, American instrectors, American wits 2s ‘model, the Fipinos started to learn net only new language and a ‘Fe way of fe alien to thee tradiions: the start of Wester oxucaton (0 mis-educaton, the star of colon rientaton ar cs-oietation, Pre-War Poetry + SP. Lopez, prophet of socially commited Herat, influenced as he was by the social protest movement sweeping the USA at about that time inte wake of the great economic cola and the depression wre: The eal artist has a desp compan for to serng of Ye oparessed and angw ah {he aparessrs The bighst frm of at tel wich sprigs Pe wel of a0 depest ges ard fgg. is ve of is on kind arc is forging to 8 eo 2F the onto which he the as) may dedate tales, noe is mare wat ihan the imerovement ofthe corhon of man ad the ceerse of esdsm. (Ler ana Society, 1969) ‘+ Jose Garcia Vita, onthe other hand, believed in“ fr art's sake" that ‘nar, craft cones bere mesning, that poeby should never be usetul ‘and propagandic, that it mast only arouse plasur in the beaut, ‘Must lead 'o contrition, aot acon, Prior to the 20's, the pooms that were written were nothing more than mere verstatios, exercises in etre, using specific classical ‘moulds or pattems and poetic fos moe fr escpane than fo art. ‘+ Lierary models wore masty Romantic and Vito 19th cer ‘Anglo-American posts. The 20's and n to the 30° saw the profs of romantic poems, efusive personal exxesson of al kacs ‘emotions, specail lave, lve lst, ove betrayed, love unrequited love trumphant. * Summarizing, pre-war poetry undenvent three important phases: 4 poetry used 2 vice for mere meorical exercises inthe serv of fanguage teaming rathor than erature 2. pooty used as vlc for mate sel-exoression , porsonal £ Uunconiolied cutpurings. 3 pety a8 vehicle for a davring nationalistic fer inthe wake ‘he great SP. Lopez versus Vila debate and te estabistment ‘he Commonweal in 1936, Pre-War Ficton ‘+ Prior tothe 20's, Leopoigo Yabes said ° the shot stares are bet classe as tals rather than stoves.” ‘Tho Philippine Free Press encouragod ites tough is short sie contest nvahing a cash award of ane hundred pesos forthe win place, aside fromthe regular twenty-peso publication royalty ‘+ By the end ofthe 30, Fino shot stories writen in English aie showed more careuty crafted pieces 8 the unified single mgresson or effect tough atmosphere, tr and sto ». plausible characterzaton ©. aval fined plot stuctre 4. contol of anguage as mecium interesting situation and a sgniicant theme8. The Post-War Years from the Late 40's tothe 70's + On July 4, 1946, the US granted the Phifppines ts polical independence Yet many features of colonials remained. ‘© Potonio Dary noted that indeed, the tional sony after Word Wir iis characterized by indignant perceptions whic often manifest themsolves in stories which base thir cam fo ream on the mere . fact of their brutal treatment of ev AL any cle, tis allntion to tho unsming aspects of Phiipine fe tberated our Ktealue fom ‘maudlin emlionaling and excessive sentimentaisn.” . ‘+ 10-1949, the National Teachers Callgo offered a Sunt course in Contemporary Phipoine Literature in EngSsh io smut interest in ‘ur Onn neat ‘+ The Bureau of Cai Service included Phiipine Literature as a subject to be covered inthe Gail Sendce Examination for Tesches in 195. ‘The Carlos Palanca S* Memorial Awards for Literature started the most, . ~ prestigious annual ferry contest sponsored by a Yquor manufacturer, ‘magnate, and patron of the ats. ‘© The Philippine Free Press eve its annual award of P1,000 forthe ‘ost shot story. Writers’ guilds were reorganized among them being ‘he Prippine Witers Union fatr the Pilppine Writers Assoition) and the Philippine iteration PEN (pacts, essayist, and nave) © In 1960, the Republic Culural Hertage Avars for literature was cated the purpose of which was “o inate a movement fr gretar| and more dedicated efforts in cutal advancement, o complement the countys program of economic development.” * Mocem poets were ifuenced by modem or waster schoo: (1) imagism, (2) metaphysical school, @) impressionistic-ymboistc schoal, and (4) new aitism. Post-War Fcton ‘Carlos Bulosan's America Is in the Heart pursued iratue's commitment to social problems in the choice of subject mater, the peasants, the laborers, the interface of woonamic condtons and politics. ‘+ WM Gonzales pubished Seven Hits Away in 1947. “© Francisco Avcelana joined the ranks of the finest writers with his Divide By Twa by showing his asic ingenuy in point of structure, ‘emotenal impact, sable manipuaton of symbas, and the powerful ‘hth fis language. Bienvenido Santos vrote You Lovely People, ts fst book of short, stores about Fbino exis in Amica, “Loak 1a “one of these dys, very San, ope, be gig hone. lead go your ton” "No," ho sas, sourcing very mach fated ut Brave, “Thanks at But you $2, nobody would menor me noe” Then he started ie ca and ast mowed ava, ho waved is anc. "Goocbye,t sid, waving Back note darkness Ard sudo the night was ol winter saying ea nese mtr wood lana. ‘Scena pies" Berenico M Santos Post-War Poetry ‘© Moderrism in poety stated th the 1950'. The modem post ‘experimented in techniques of versfestion, rrytm, musi, and imagery. ‘= Nick Jozquin stood above his contemporaries wich included Kerima Polotan Tivera, Gita Cordero Femando, Aida Rivera Ford, Estella ‘Aon, Rony Diaz, ila Pabioc Amansec, and Gregorio Brliantas, 4 Pestor stay atiesta dogon of masta and became prenccupied ‘wet ferme (1) emphaas on key moment or moment of ilumination| ‘scaly at the end ofthe story, (2) use of consistent point of vw, (3) se of symbols, he story exiting in moro than ane be, 4 evocative we of anguage and tone, and (6) overall stuctural nly, blending of form ane content ‘© Tal essay became poplar with Cristina Partja Hidalgo leading the pa, © leary erties wrote reviews and became members of the Mani Cts Circe, among them sagan Cr, ted Yuzon Aledo Saange, ‘Alice Guitermo, DoroenFemandez, io Ama, and Ophea Dimalanta ‘> Inthe novel form, Nick Joaquin’: The Woman Who Had Two Navels stale thon a an, oF paras, pos, es, showed.anemwayof presenting the subject mate, employing ich ml 8 as wont, sig at ath wil be kid ard to, es |i fra iniieraio alone at as is layered meanings, and incorporating a sense of history and traction, ea ee ‘+ Francisco Sion tse started his Rosales saga wit The Pretenders, an ndicment agains! the modem lusrados and social ijustice. *KorinaPloan, wrtr-tumed-publshershowcasedheraritcsonsbiy ‘and social conscience and porrayod the yearnings and fusatons cf a Flubortin heroine in The Hand ofthe Enemy, 2 rove that is Naturalistic i its pessimism, but romantic in ts style and presentation, stad enough having poor round sa We ie, but ol use them ok yal {oi tohamess em fora mano a cause tat can ring tho county ad tenses ‘uch gzod Al gt, we pander oUt geod bu Ju want ensnare peoples ‘mins, you must dnote a it of ba baer ham, “Fier Loser - Opes Atantua Diraenta ‘A. The More Recent Times from the 70's up to the Present ‘+ The immesiate post-war years were yeas of confarism. Mt was, ‘ot until the earty 1960'S that the students began to une ana hold ‘mass protests and demonstralons against the evils that gnawed the government. Most ofthese rales ended in violent disprsats of the pole andthe malty. ‘+ Using the pretext of sving the county from th teat of subversion and communist takeover, Ferdinand Marcos declared Maria! Law in ‘September 1972. ‘+ Duing the 19608 some witers esitited the westem tends of ‘atualsn and sureaism the use of steam-of-consiousness 10 The Hondo he Enemy - Kerns Potten wera The Essay ‘The polical essay became popular and most suited for he disession Of ideas and timely issues. Nationalist writers locuded Renato Constantino, Petro Daroy, Luis Teodoro, Jose Lacan, Blemenigo Lumber, Epfanio San an, and Dolores Feta, Nick Joaquin as Quijano de Mana his pen nam) wrote many essays, ep ste of te sean Langage fad ao bean are ae, + Wir’ personal commen was questioned noms be cove of median. + Cr Basta compte is ky of net bots: The Gave The ‘Arctipeag, and Telor Moon, pie peal heme, sori in perspective, and surrealistic in style.