Array formulas are powerful formulas that enable you
to perform complex calculations that often can’t be
done with standard worksheet functions. They are also
referred to as "Ctrl-Shift-Enter" or "CSE" formulas,
because you need to press Ctrl+Shift+Enter to enter
them. You can use array formulas to do the seemingly
impossible, such as
Count the number of characters in a range of cells.
Sum numbers that meet certain conditions, such as the
lowest values in a range or numbers that fall between
an upper and lower boundary.
Sum every nth value in a range of values.
Excel provides two types of array formulas: Array
formulas that perform several calculations to generate
a single result and array formulas that calculate
multiple results. Some worksheet functions return
arrays of values, or require an array of values as an
argument. For more information, see Guidelines and
examples of array formulas.