Scribd
Upload
126 views

Introduction To Single-Chip Microcomputer (Microcontroller)

This document provides an introduction and overview of microcontrollers. It discusses the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers in terms of architecture, applications, and instruction sets. Microcontrollers integrate CPU, memory, and I/O components onto a single chip, making them well-suited for applications where cost, power, and space are critical constraints. Common microcontroller applications include consumer electronics, home appliances, automotive systems, and more. The document also lists several popular microcontroller families and manufacturers. Students are assigned homework to research a microcontroller-based product and present details about the specific microcontroller used.

Uploaded by

Mohammed Dyhia Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
126 views

Introduction To Single-Chip Microcomputer (Microcontroller)

This document provides an introduction and overview of microcontrollers. It discusses the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers in terms of architecture, applications, and instruction sets. Microcontrollers integrate CPU, memory, and I/O components onto a single chip, making them well-suited for applications where cost, power, and space are critical constraints. Common microcontroller applications include consumer electronics, home appliances, automotive systems, and more. The document also lists several popular microcontroller families and manufacturers. Students are assigned homework to research a microcontroller-based product and present details about the specific microcontroller used.

Uploaded by

Mohammed Dyhia Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Middle Technical University

Electrical Engineering Technical college

Introduction to Single-Chip
Microcomputer
(Microcontroller)
Lecture No.6
Mohammed D. Ali
3rd stage
2018-2019
Objects
• Overview
• Applications.
• Types of Microcontrollers.

Mohammed D. Altamemi 2
Microcontrollers Overview
• Microcontrollers - a key impact technology for the 21st century.
• Microcontrollers.com:
“In the aggregate, PC microprocessors are responsible for less than 1%
of all processors sold. Embedded processors outsell PC processors by
more than 99%.”
CPU
Memory

Peripherals

Mohammed D. Altamemi 3
Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller
Microprocessor Microcontroller
• CPU is stand-alone, RAM, • CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer
ROM, I/O, timer are separate are all on a single chip
• designer can decide on the • fixed amount of on-chip ROM,
amount of ROM, RAM and RAM, I/O ports
I/O ports.
• for applications in which cost,
• expensive
power and space are critical
• versatility
• single-purpose (control-oriented)
• general-purpose
• Low processing power
• High processing power
• Low power consumption
• High power consumption
• Bit-level operations
• Instruction sets focus on
processing- intensive • Instruction sets focus on control
operations and bit-level operations
• Typically 32/64 – bit • Typically 8/16 bit
• Typically deep pipeline (5-20 • Typically single-cycle/two-stage
stages) pipeline
Mohammed D. Altamemi 4
General-purpose microprocessor:

• CPU for Computers


• Commonly no RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself

Many chips on motherboard


Data Bus
CPU
General-
Serial
Purpose RAM ROM I/O Timer COM
Micro- Port
Port
processor
Address Bus

Mohammed D. Altamemi 5
Microcontroller :

• A single-chip computer
• On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
• Example：Motorola’s 6811, Intel’s 8051, Zilog’s Z8 and PIC 16X

CPU RAM ROM


A single chip
Serial
I/O Timer COM
Port
Port
Microcontroller

Mohammed D. Altamemi 6
Applications of Microcontroller
 There are many applications made using Microcontrollers such as:
oLine Following Robots.

oWireless keyboards, mouse, and headphones.

Mohammed D. Altamemi 7
 Suppose we want to make a Line following Robot. What do we do ?
 Use a computer with 2.4Ghz Intel core I7 with 4 Gb RAM , 500 Gb Hard
disk , 1 Gb Graphics Card ??
 Why not a Computer ?
PC is a general purpose computer.
Can run thousand of softwars
Microsoft ppt in which you are seeing this
presentation, Games (NFS , AOE , Call of Duty)
Highly expensive
 Why MCU
Small reflected by the word “MICRO”
Inexpensive
Ideal for doing repetitive tasks
Easy to use
Highly Efficient and fast
Mohammed D. Altamemi 8
Applications of Microcontroller
• Personal products: Cell phone, pager, watch, recorder,
calculator.
• Laptop components: mouse, keyboard, modem, fax card,
sound card, battery charger
• Home appliances: door lock, alarm clock, thermostat, air
conditioner, tv remote, hair dryer, small refrigerator, exercise
equipment, washer/dryer, microwave oven
• Toys; video games, cars, dolls, etc.
• Cars: they are about 20-30% silicon today, mostly microcontrollers
($4b/yr)
• Smart cards: Mohammed D. Altamemi 9
Microcontroller Families

• Most manufacturers offer a wide range of devices for low


end to higher end applications.

• Microchip shipped its 1 billionth microcontroller in the fall of


1999, the 2 billionth in spring of 2002, and its 3 billionth in
winter of 2004.

Mohammed D. Altamemi 10
Microcontroller Manufacturers
• Analog Devices
• Atmel
• Dallas Semiconductor
• Freescale Semiconductor
• Hitachi Semiconductor
• Intel
• Microchip
• National Semiconductor
• Renesas
• STMicro
• Texas Instruments
• Zilog

Mohammed D. Altamemi 11
Some Popular Microcontrollers…
• Major Players: Microchip 16Fxx, Intel 8051, Motorola MC68HCXX,
National COP800, SGS/Thomson ST62, Zilog Z86Cxx

Microchip 16Fxx Intel 8051 Motorola MC68HCXX

National COP800 SGS/Thomson


Mohammed D. Altamemi Zilog Z86Cxx 12
Microcontroller Market
• Processing power: 4 bit, 8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit
• 2003 market share

Mohammed D. Altamemi 13
Homework-1
• What are the main differences between a microprocessor and a
microcontroller in terms of
Architecture
Applications
Instruction set

Mohammed D. Altamemi 14
Homework-2
One page [no more] written assignment to be handed in.
oFind a microcontroller based device or product [i.e. from your
home].
oDetermine what specific microcontroller is used in the device
[i.e. PIC 16F874].
oExplain the function or functions of the microcontroller in the
device [i.e. send IR to TV.].
oBe prepared to present in class.

Mohammed D. Altamemi 15
References:
• John A. Chandy, “L1: Microcontroller Introduction”, university of
Connecticut.
• Dimitar Ivanov, “Introduction to programming with microcontrollers”,
Software University Foundation, (http://firmwareninja.blogspot.com/)
• Dr. Konstantinos Tatas, “L1: Introduction to Microcontrollers”,
Frederick University.
• Rajat Arora, “Introduction to Microcontrollers”, Electronics Club,
IIT Kanpur (http://students.iitk.ac.in/eclub/).

Mohammed D. Altamemi 16
Mohammed D. Altamemi 17

You might also like