PLANNING, DESIGNING, ANALYSING AND

ESTIMATION OF APARTMENT BUILDING

 TITLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO TITLE PAGE NO

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i

ABSTRACT iii

LIST OF SYMBOLS v

LIST OF FIGURES viii

LIST OF TABLES x

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 SPECIFICATION REPORT 1

1.1.1 Foundation 1

1.1.2 Basement 1

1.1.3 Super structure 1

1.1.4 Flooring 2

1.1.5 Lintel 2

1.1.6 Staircase 2
1.1.7 Joinery details 2
 1.2 DESCRIPTION ON STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS 3

2. STRUCTURAL DESIGN

2.1 DESIGN OF SLAB 5

2.2 FRAME ANALYSIS 23

2.3 DESIGN OF BEAM 34

2.4 DESIGN OF COLUMN 41

2.5 DESIGN OF FOOTING 46

2.6 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE 50

2.7 DESIGN OF WATER TANK 54

2.8 DESIN OF SEPTIC TANK 60

3. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

3.1 ANALYSIS OF SLAB 65

3.2 ANALYSIS OF BEAM 69

3.3 ANALYSIS OF COLUMN 71

3.4 ANALYSIS OF FOOTING 74

4. ESTIMATION 87

4.1 DETAILED ESTIMATE 88

4.2 ABSTRACT ESTIMATE 99

5. DRAWINGS

5.1 PLAN 101

5.2 COLUMN PLAN 102

5.2 SECTIONAL PLAN 103

5.3 ELEVATION 104

6. CONCLUSIONS 105

7. REFERENCES 106

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 We dedicate this project is out beloved parents who are responsible for our growth.

The authors are deeply grateful to Er.R.MOHANRAJ, Correspondent and

Dr.ARUN.V.PARWATE M.E, Ph.D, Principal, Erode Sengunthar Engineering College,
Thudupathi for their kind patronage.

We wish to record our sincere gratitude to Mr.K.M.GOPALAKRISHNAN M.E, Senior

Lecturer and Head of the Department of Civil Engineering for his valuable suggestions and
encouragement throughout the project.

We are greatly indebted to our project guide Miss.E.EVELINE M.E, Lecturer,

Department of Civil Engineering who motivated us very much to take this project and guided to
get a lot of practical knowledge and in overcoming the problems we met with in this project.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to the TEACHING AND NON-TEACHING

staff members of the department of civil engineering for their helping hand during the
experimental study of this project.

ABSTRACT
 This project work describes about planning, designing, analyzing and estimation of
apartment building. This design project is taken up with the objective of understanding the
behaviour of the structure and gain confidence in designing structures, making use of the codal
provisions.

The proposed apartment building has a site area of 5145 sqft. It is planned in such a way
it meets all the facilities needed by the accommodator. The apartment building comprises of
G+5, will be with one block and containing four houses in each floor each houses are provided
with living room, master bed room, dining hall, bath room and toilets.

In this projects work on "Planning, Designing, Analyzing and Estimation of apartment

building". The building is designed as a framed structure to construct houses on each floor. The
analysis of the frame bars carried out for loads as per IS 875. The analysis of the frame was done
using STAAD Pro software. The structural elements slab, beam, column, footing, staircase are
designed by limit state method. Septic tank and water tank are designed by working stress
method using M25 concrete and Fe415 steel satisfying all codal provisions of IS 456:2000, and
SP 16

SYMBOLS USED
 The following symbols are used for the purpose of the design of structural members
according to IS 456 – 2000

A - Area
Ast - Area of steel
B - Breadth
D.L - Dead load
L.L - Live load
W - Total load
Wu - Design load
Ws - Specific weight of the soil
D - Effective depth of beam or slab
Fy - Characteristic strength of steel
Fck - Characteristic strength of concrete
Le - Effective span
Lx - Effective length in shorter span
Ly - Effective length in longer span
Sv - Spacing of stirrups
V– Shear force
Vu - Design Shear force
BM – Bending moment
FBM - Factored Bending moment
Scbc - Compressive bending stress concrete
BV - Basic value
MF - Modification factor
Asc - Area of compression steel
C.C - Cement concrete
C.M - Cement mortar
R.C.C - Reinforced Cement concrete
Pu - Ultimate axial load
P - axial load
L - Clear span
M.R - Moment of resistance
C/C - Centre to centre distance
S.F - Shear force
M - Modular ratio
Mu - Maximum Bending moment
C.C - Clear cover
N.C - Nominal cover
τv - Actual shear stress
τcmax - Maximum shear stress
τc - Permissible shear stress
Qu - Moment of resistance coefficient
Ag - Gross sectional area of column
Ast req - Area of steel required
Ast prov - Area of steel provided

SL.NO. LIST OF FIGURES PAGE NO.

1. 2.1.1 Reinforcement details in one way slab 9
2. 2.1.2 Reinforcement details in two way slab 15
3. 2.1.3 Reinforcement details in roof slab 20
4. 2.3 Reinforcement details in beam 37
5. 2.4 Reinforcement details in column 45
6. 2.5 Reinforcement details in footing 49
7. 2.6 Reinforcement details in staircase 53
8. 2.7 Reinforcement details in water tank 59
9. 2.8 Reinforcement details in septic tank 62
10. 3.1 Structure modeling 63
11. 3.2 3D view 64
12. 3.3 Shear force 97
13. 3.4 Bending moment 98
14. 5.1 Plan 101
15. 5.2 Column plan 102
16. 5.3 Sectional plan 103
17. 5.4 Elevation 104

SL. NO. LIST OF TABLES PAGE NO.

1. 2.1 Slab details 24
2. 2.2 Distribution factor 32
3. 2.2.1. Plinth level 35
4. 2.2.2. Intermediate level 36
5. 2.2.3. Roof level 37
6. 2.3.1. Plinth level Beam details 43
7. 2.3.2. Intermediate level Beam details 44
8. 2.3.3 Roof level Beam details 45
9. 2.4 Column details 50
10. 4.1 Estimation 88
 1. INTRODUCTION

The apartment houses (flats) include a building in which consists of separate rooms for
each and every action of a man involved in his day to day life. The different types of rooms
in our apartment building are as follows:
 Living room
 Kitchen
 Drawing room
 Bed room attached with bath room and toilets
The environment of our apartment building is very pleasing and gives comfort to the
people living in it, and it is also located in the centre of the city so that the people feel
comfort to go in and around city for their commercial activities.

1.1 Specification report:

In the design project we designed as per IS 456-2000 & SP 16 codal provisions.

1.1.1 Foundation:
The foundation shall be of P.C.C 1:4:8 using 40mm size 1800 below the ground level.
Square sloped footing of size 2200mmx2200mm to be provided with edge depth 150mm and
middle depth 390mm. 1:1.5:3 concrete mix ratio will be used for footing.

1.1.2 Basement:
The basement will be in brickwork in C.M 1:3 wide 300mm and depth 300mm at ground
level. Damp proof course in C.M 1:3 at 20mm thick will be provided for all walls.

1.1.3 Superstructure:
All main walls are in brickwork with C.M 1:5,230mm thick. The height of wall in ground
parking 2400mm and each floor height 3000mm.
R.C.C slabs of thickness 150mm have been provided. The concrete mix ratio is 1:1.5:3
that is 1 part of cement, 1.5 parts of fine aggregate and 3 parts of coarse aggregate.
1.1.4 Flooring:
The flooring will be in CC 1:1.5:3,20mm thick and 70mm thick wearing coarse is
provided for all portions.

1.1.5 Lintel:
The non-through lintel over opening is of CC 1:5:10,150mm thick.

1.1.6 Staircase:
Cantilever staircase is provided. The rises and tread adopted are 150mm and 300mm. The
waist slab is of thick in R.C.C 1:2:4.

1.1.7 Joinery Details:

1. Door – D1 1.5mx2.1m
2. Door-D2 1mx2.1m
3. Door- D3 0.9mx2.1m
4. Window 1.5mx1.5m
5. ventilator 0.6mx0.6m

 Plastering:
The inner and outer walls are plastered with C.C 1:5, 12mm thick is provided.

 Wood Work:
All wood work should be neatly and truly finished to the exact dimensions
required all the joints should be simple ten on mortise joints with the end of the tension
exposure inserting screws. A hammy is prohibited in this case. All screws should be
dipped in oil before inserted it.

1.2 DESCRIPTION OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

 For the design of structural elements, limit state design is followed.

Slabs:
Slabs are plate elements forming floors and roof of building and carrying distributed
loads primarily by flexure. A slab is supported by beam (or) by walls and may be used as a
flange of “T” or “L” beam. In the project, the slabs are designed as two way, since the length is
lesser than the twice the breadth.

Frames:
Structurally, a building may consist of load bearing walls and floors. The floor slabs may
be supported on beams, which in turn may be supported on walls or columns. The frame is
designed from all the vertical and horizontal loads transmitted to it. A frame consists of column
and beam built monolithically forming a network. It provide rigidity to the connection of
members. The loads are evenly distributed to the structures and thus they are not only safer but
also economical.

Columns:
Column is defined as an element used primarily to support axial compression loads and
with a height of at least three times its least lateral dimension. All columns are subject to some
moments, which may be due to accidental eccentricity or due to end restraint imposed by
monolithically placed beams or slabs. In this project, the column is designed as a long column.

Foundation:
Foundation are structural members that transfer loads from the building or individual
column to the subsoil. The foundations are designed to prevent differential settlement and
provide adequate safety against sliding and overturning. In this project designed footing is
isolated square footing.

Staircase:
 Staircase consists of steps arranged in a series for purpose of giving access to the
different floors of a building. In this project, the staircases are designed as dog legged staircases.

DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB

Two short edges discontinuous:
Size =3.356*1.52
Wall thickness=230mm

Design constants:
Concrete grade=M25
Steel grade=Fe415

Length to Breadth ratio:

l/b=3.35/1.52
=2.2>2 (more then 2)
Hence the slab is to be designed as one way with too short edges are discontinuous.

Depth of slab:
Depth, d=span/25
=1520/25
Effective depth, d=100mm
Overall depth, D=120mm

Effective span:
Clear span+ effective depth =1.52+0.1
=1.62m
Load calculation:
Self weight of slab =0.12*25*1 =3KN/m
Floor finishes =1.0KN/m
Live load =4.0KN/m
Total service load =8KN/m
Ultimate load =1.5*8 =12KN/m
Ultimate moments and shear forces:
 Mu=0.125WuL2
=0.125*12*1.622
Mu=3.94KN/m
Vu=0.5WuL
=0.5*12*1.62
Vu=9.72KN

Limiting moment of resistance:

Mu lim=0.138*fck*b*d2
=0.138*25*1000*1002
Mu lim=34.5KNm
Since Mu<Mulim
The section is under reinforced

Main reinforcements:
Mu=0.87fyAst d [1-(Ast fy/bd fck)]
3.94*106=0.87*415*Ast*100[1-(415Ast/1000*100*25)]
3.94*106=36105Ast-5.99Ast2
5.99Ast2-36105Ast+3.94*106=0
Ast=111mm2
Use 10mm dia bars Ast =157mm

Spacing of main reinforcement:

Spacing =1000*ast/Ast
=1000*78.5/111
Spacing=300mm

Distribution reinforcement:
Ast=0.12% of cross sectional area
=0.12*100*120/100
Ast=144mm2
 Provide 8mm dia bars

Spacing of distribution reinforcement:

Spacing =((1000*ast)/Ast)
=((1000*(π*82))/144)
Spacing =340mm

Check for shear stress:

τv =Vu/bd
=9.72*103/1000*100
τv =0.1N/mm2
Pt =100*Ast/bd
=100*157/1000*100
Pt=0.157
As per table 19 of code 456-2000
τc=0.30
Here τv< τc
Hence the stresses are within safe permissible limits.

Check for deflection control:

(L/d)act=1620/100

L/d)act =16.2

Pt =1.57

From figure 5.1 of code Is456-2000

Kt=1.1

Kc=1

Kf =1
 (L/d)max=[(L/d)max*Kt*Kc*Kf]

=20*1.1*1*1

(L/d)max=22
(L/d)act<(L/d)max
Hence the slab is safe in deflection
.
Design of reinforcement using SP16 design tables:
Mu/bd2=3.94*106/1000*1002
=0.39
Refer table 3 of sp16 and road out the percentage of steel corresponding to Fe415N/mm2
and fck=25N/mm2
Pt=0.11
Hence, Ast=Ptbd/100
=0.11*1000*100/100
Ast =110mm2
Provide 8mm dia @ 250mm c/c.
FIG 2.1.1 REINFORCEMENT DETEAILS IN ONE WAY SLAB

DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB

Two long edges discontinuous:
Size=5.18*3.05m
Wall thickness=230mm

Design constants:
Concrete grade=M25
Size grade=Fe415

Depth of slab:
Effective depth, d=span/25 = 3050/25
Effective depth, d=130mm
Overall depth, D=150mm

Effective span:
Clear span+ effective span=3.05+0.13 =3.18m

Load calculation:
Dead load =0.15*25*1 =3.75KN/m2
Live load =4KN/m2
Floor finishes =1KN/m2
Total load =8.75KN/m2
Factored load=1.5*8.75 =13.13KN/m2

Length to breadth ratio:

Ly/Lx =5.18/3.05
=1.62<2
Hence the slab is to be designed as two way slab with two long edges discontinuous.

Bending moment coefficient:

From Is 456:2000
B.M shorter span longer span
-ve - 0.045
+ve 0.080 0.035

Bending moment at shorter span:

(+)Bending moment at mid span Mx =αx*w*lx2
=0.08*13.13*3.182
=10.62KNm

Bending moment at longer span:

(-)Bending moment at support My =αy*w*lx2
=0.045*13.13*3.182
=5.97KNm
(+)Bending moment at mid span My = αy*w*lx2
=0.035*13.13*3.182
=4.65KNm
The max bending moment:
Shorter span = 10.62KNm
Longer span = 5.97KNm

Check for depth :

Mumax=0.138fckbd2
10.62*106=0.138*25*1000*d2
d=60<130mm
Hence the effective depth selected is sufficient to resist the design ultimate
moment.

Reinforcement details:
Shorter direction:
 Mu=0.87fyAstd [1-(Astfy/fckbd)]
10.62*106=0.87*415*Ast*130[1-(Ast *415/25*1000*130)]
5.99Ast2-46936.5Ast+10.62*106=0
Ast=233mm2
Use 10mm dia bars

Spacing in short span:

Spacing =1000*ast/Ast
=78.5*1000/233 =336.9mm
Spacing =300mm
4 numbers of 10mm diameter bars (Ast=314mm2)

Longer direction:
5.97*106=0.87*415*130*Ast[1-(Ast*415/25*1000*130)]
Ast=130mm2
Use 10mm dia bars

Spacing in long span:

Spacing =1000*ast/Ast
=1000*78.5/130
Spacing =300mm
Use 10mm dia bars at 300mm centres

Check for shear stress:

Vu=0.5Wu*Lx
=0.5*13.13*3.18
Vu=20.88KN

τv=Vu/bd
=20.888*106/1000*130
 τv=0.16N/mm2
Pt=100Ast/bd
=100*314/1000*130
Pt=0.24
Refer table 19 of Is 456-2000
τc=0.35
τc>τv
Hence the shear stresses are within safe permissible limits

Check for deflection control:

(L/d)basic=20
Pt=0.24
From figure 5.1 of code Is456-2000
Kt=1.6
(L/d)max=20*1.6 =32
(L/d)act =3180/130
=24.46<32
Hence deflection control is satisfied

Torsion reinforcement at corners:

Area of tension steel at each of the corners in 4 layers in computed
=(0.75*314)=235.5mm2
Length over which torsion steel is provided = (1/5)*short span
=(1/5)*3050
=610mm
Provide 6mm diameter bars at 120mm centres for a length of 610mm at all four corners
in 4 layers.

Reinforcement in edge strips :

Ast=0.12% of gross area
Ast=0.12*150*1000/100
Ast=180mm2
Provide 10mm diameter bars at 300mm centres.
FIG 2.1.2 REINFORCEMENT DETAILS IN TWO WAY SLAB

DESIGN OF ROOF SLAB

Two long edges discontinuous:
Size =5.18*3.05m
Wall thickness =230mm.

Design contents:
Concrete grade=M25
Steel grade =415

Depth of slab:
Effective depth d=

d=130mm.
D =150mm.

Effective span:
Clear span + effective depth =3.05+0.13
=3.18m.

Load calculation:
dead load =0.15*25*1
=3.75kN/m2.
Live load =1.5kN/m2.
Weathering coarse =1.54kN/m2.
Floor finishes =1kN/m2.
Total load =7.75kN/m2.
Factored load =7.75*1.5
=11.65kN/m2.
Length to breadth ratio:
= =1.62<2.

Hence the slab is to be designed as two way slab with two long edges discontinuous.

Bending moment coefficient:

from is 456:2000
B.M SHORTER SPAN LONGER SPAN
-ve - 0.045
+ve 0.080 0.035

Bending moment at shorter span

(+) bending moment at mid span Mx=αxWLx2
=0.08*11.63*3.182
=9.41kNm.

Bending moment at long span:

(-) bending moment at support My=αywlx2
=0.045*11.63*3.182
=5.29kNm.
(+) bending moment at mid span My= αywlx2
=0.035*11.63*3.182
=4.12kNm.

The maximum bending moment :

Shorter span =9.41kNm
Longer span=4.12kNm.

Check for depth:

Mumax=0.138*fck*bd2.
10.62*106=0.138*25*1000*d2
 d=60<130mm.
Hence the effective depth is sufficient to resist the design ultimate moment

Reinforcement details:
Shorter span:
Mu=0.87fyAstd

9.41*106=0.87*415Ast*130

9.41*106=46936.5Ast*
Ast=205.89mm2.
Use 10mm dia bars

Spacing:
Spacing =

Spacing =300mm

Longer direction:
5.99Ast-46936.5Ast+5.29*106=0
Ast=114.37mm2
Use 10mm dia bars at 350mm spacing

Check for shear stress:

Vu=0.5*wu*Lx
=0.5*11.63*3.18
Vu=18.49kN

u= =

2
u=0.14n/mm

t=
 =

t=0.18

From table 19 of IS456-2000

c=0.29

c< v

Hence the shear stresses are within safe permissible limits.

Check for deflection control:

(l/d)basic =20
pt = 0.24
From figure 5.1 of code IS 456-2000
kt = 1.6
(l/d)max =20*1.6 =32
(l/d)act =3180/130 =24.46<32
Hence deflection control is satisfied.

Torsion reinforcement at corners:

Area of tension steel at each of the corners
in 4 layers in computed = (0.75*235.5) = 176.63mm2
Length over which tension steel is provided =1/5*short span
=1/5*3050
=610mm
Provide 6mm dia at 120mm c/c for a length of 610mm at all four corners in 4 layers.

Reinforcement in edge strips:

Ast=0.12% of gross area
= 0.12*150*1000/100
Ast =180mm2
Provide 10mm dia bars at 300mm centers.
FIG 2.1.3 REINFORCEMENT DETAILS IN ROOF SLAB
 Table 2.1 SLAB DETAILS

Reinforcement
Total details
Boundary
S. No Slab Span load
condition
kN/m
Long Short

10mmφ 8mmφ
Two long
bars at bars at
1 S1 2.86*1.52 edges 12kN/m
250mm 200mm
discontinuous
spacing spacing

10mmφ 10mmφ
Two long
bars at bars at
2 S2 2.13*1.52 edges 11.25
260mm 190mm
discontinuous
spacing spacing

10mmφ 10mmφ
Two short
bars at bars at
3 S3 3.35*1.52 edges 12.53
300mm 280mm
discontinuous
spacing spacing

10mmφ 10mmφ
Two long
bars at bars at
4 S4 5.18*3.05 edges 15
220mm 240mm
discontinuous
spacing spacing
 10mmφ 8mmφ
bars at bars at
5 S5 3.41*3.15 Interior panels 12.62
260mm 290mm
spacing spacing

10mmφ 10mmφ
bars at bars at
6 S6 2.43*3.16 Interior panels 11.25
300mm 250mm
spacing spacing

12mmφ 10mmφ
Two edges bars at bars at
7 S7 5.18*3.35 13.5
discontinuous 280mm 220mm
spacing spacing

10mmφ 10mmφ
8
Three edges bars at bars at
S8 2.59*1.78 11.39
discontinuous 250mm 240mm
spacing spacing

12mmφ 10mmφ
bars at bars at
9 S9 3.58*5.15 Interior panels 15.23
290mm 300mm
spacing spacing
 2.2 FRAME ANALYSIS

Introduction:
The frame structure consists of beams and columns build monolithically. The analysis of
moments and forces in the framed structure requires the clear knowledge of cross sectional
dimensions such as moments of inertia.
1. Preliminary design of beams and columns and the size of the beam should be arrived.
2. From the arrived sizes accurate moments is calculated.

Since the frame supposes to be a three–dimensional structure the analysis of the structure
is very laborious. Therefore the structure is split into two dimensional frame and the analysis
done by neglecting the effect of torsion.

Moment of inertia:
The moment of inertia of a beam, column is calculated for both directions according to its
sections. Let us consider that entire section is concrete and neglect the steel.

Relative stiffness:
After determining moment of inertia relative stiffness for different member are
calculated. When the connections of beams and columns are fully rigid, the whole structure is
capable for resisting the lateral forces in the structure.

Calculations of distribution factors:

The distribution factors for various members as joints can be obtained from the ratio of
relative stiffness of the particular member to the total relative stiffness of the entire member
meeting at the joint.
Relative stiffness for the entire member can be calculated by using the following relation.
K =I/L
Where, I=moment of inertia, L=length
Moment distribution:
The far end columns are assumed as fixed. Typical frames are selected and analysed by
moment of distribution method.

Moment distribution method for columns:

In this method of analysis the following steps should be carried out.
1. Relative stiffness of all spans are determined and distribution factor at each joint is
found out.
2. Fixed end moments due to external loads are determined.
3. The unbalanced moments at the joints are balanced according to their distribution
factors. These moments are called balancing moments or distribution moments.
4. Due to the application of balancing moments at one end of a member. There is a
carryover moments at the other end.
5. Continue the carrying over the balancing until there is a very small residual
unbalancing moments at the end support.
6. All the moments in the respective columns are added and thus the final design
moment is obtained.
Typical frames are selected and analyzed by single cycle moment distribution
method.
LOAD CALCULATION:

Beam B1:
Slab load = 15.38
Self weight = 0.23*5.182*5.078
=6.05 kN/m
Weight of masonary = 0.43*0.23*5.182*25
= 12.81 kN/m
Total load =34.24 kN/m
Factored load = 1.5*34.24
=51.36 kN/m

Beam B2:
Slab load = 15.38 kN/m
Self weight = 0.23*5.025*5.250
= 6.07 kN/m
Weight of masonary = 0.44*0.23*5.25*25
= 13.28 kN/m
Total load = 34.73 kN/m
Factored load = 1.5*34.73
=52.10 kN/m

Beam B3:
Slab load = 12.072 kN/m
Self weight = .23*2.652*3.048
=1.84 kN/m
Weight of masonary = 0.25*0.23*3.048*25
= 4.45 kN/m
Total load = 18.36 kN/m
Factored load = 1.5*18.36
 =27.54kN/m
CALCULATION OF FIXED END MOMENT:

Beam B1:

MAB = -WL2/12 = - 51.36*5.1822/12

= - 114.93 KN/m
MBA = WL2/12 = 114.93 KNm

Beam B2:

MBC = WL2/12 = - 52.10*5.0252/12

= - 109.63 KNm
MCB = WL2/12 = 109.63 KNm
Beam B3:

MCD = WL2/12 = - 27.54*2.6252/12

= - 15.81 KNm

MCB = WL2/12 = 15.81 KNm

 Table 2.2 DISTRIBUTION FACTOR

JOINT MEMBER K= I/L SUM DF

A AA0 0.5 I 0.487

AB 0.193 I 1.026 I 0.188
AA1 0.333 I 0.325
B BA 0.193 I 0.103
BB0 0.5 I 0.408
BC 0.199 I 1.225 I 0.162
BB1 0.333 I 0.272
C CB 0.199 I 0.141
CC0 0.5 I 0.354
CD 0.381 I 1.413 I 0.27
CC1 0.333 I 0.236
D DC .381 I 0.27
DD0 0.5 I 1.413 I 0.354
DE 0.199 I 0.141
DD1 0.333 I 0.236
E ED 0.199 I 0.162
EE0 0.5 I 0.408
EF 0.198 I 1.225 I 0.158
EE1 0.333 I 0.272
F FE 0.193 I 0.188
FF0 0.5 I 1.026 I 0.487
FF1 0.333 I 0.325
A1 AA1 0.333 I 0.388
A1B1 0.193 I 0.859 I 0.225
A1A2 0.333 I 0.388
B1 B1A1 0.193 I 0.182
B1B 0.333 I 0.315
B1C1 0.199 I 1.058 I 0.188
B1B2 0.333 I 0.315
C1 C1B1 0.199 I 0.16
C1C 0.333 I 1.246 I 0.267
C1D1 0.381 I 0.306
C1C2 0.333 I 0.267
D1 D1C1 0.381 I 0.306
D1D 0.333 I 1.246 I 0.267
D1E1 0.199 I 0.16
D1D2 0.333 I 0.267
E1 E1D1 O.199 I 0.188
E1E 0.333 I 1.058 I 0.315
E1F1 0.193 I 0.182
E1E2 0.333 I 0.315
F1 F1F 0.333 I 0.388
F1F2 0.333 I 0.859 I 0.388
F1E1 0.193 I 0.225
A7 A7A6 0.333 I 0.526 I 0.633
A7B7 0.193 I 0.367
B7 B7A7 0.193 I 0.266
B7B6 0.333 I 0.725 I 0.456
B7C7 0.199 I 0.274
C7 C7B7 0.199 I 0.218
C7C6 0. 333 I 0.913 I 0.365
C7D7 0.381 I 0.415
D7 D7C7 0.381 I 0.417
D7C6 0.333 I 0.913 I 0.365
 D7E7 0.199 I 0.218
E7 E7D7 0.199 I 0.274
E7D6 0.333 I 0.725 I 0.459
F7E7 0.193 I 0.266
F7 F7E7 0.193 I 0.526 I 0.367
F7E6 0.333 I 0.633
 Table 2.2.1 PLINTH LEVEL DISTRIBUTION:

JOINT A B C D E

MEMBER AA0 AB AA1 BA BB0 BC BB1 CB CC0 CD CC1 DC DD0 DE DD1 ED EE0 EF

D.F 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.

FEM 0 -115 0 115 0 -110 0 110 0 -16 0 16 0 -110 0 110 0 -11

BAL 56 22 37 -12 -47 18 30 -15 -39 4.3 3.7 -4.3 -5.3 15 26 -18 -45 18

CO -5.9 11 -7.7 8.9 -2.1 2.1 -8.9 7.7 -1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

BAL 2.9 1.1 1.9 -1.1 -4.4 1.3 2.1 -1.3 -3.1 0.6 0.5 -0.6 -0.8 1.3 2.1 -1.3 -3.2 1.

CO -0.6 0.6 0 -0.6 0.6 -0.3 0.3 -0.6 0.6 -0.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

FMOMENT 59 -99 39 113 -57 -99 32 102 -42 -13 4.2 13 -6.1 -102 28 99 -48 -10
 2.2.2 INTERMIDIATE LEVEL:

JOINT A B C D E
MEMBER AA1 A1B1 A1A2 B1A1 B1B B1C1 B1B2 C1B1 C1C C1D1 C1C2 D1C1 D1D D1E1 D1D2 E1D1 E1E E1F1 E1
D.F 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2
FEM 0 -230 0 230 0 -219 0 219 0 -32 0 32 0 -219 0 219 0 -227
BAL 98 52 89 -42 -72 41 69 -35 -58 9.7 8.4 -9.7 -8.4 35 58 -41 -69 42
CO -21 26 -18 21 -4.8 4.8 -21 18 -26
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
BAL 8.1 4.7 8.1 -4.7 -8.2 3.3 5.5 -3.3 -5.5 1.5 1.3 -1.5 -1.3 3.3 5.5 -3.3 -5.5 4.7
CO -2.4 2.4 -1.7 1.7 -0.7 0.7 -1.7 1.7 -2.4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
BAL 0.9 0.5 0.9 -0.5 -0.7 0.3 0.5 -0.3 -0.4 0.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.3 0.4 -0.3 -0.5 0.4
CO -0.2 0.3 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FM 98 -196 98 211 -81 -193 75 203 -64 -26 9.9 26 -9.9 -203 64 193 -75 -209 80
 2.2.3 ROOF LEVEL:

JOINT A B C D E
MEMBER A7A6 A7B7 B7A7 B7A6 B7C7 C7B7 C7C6 C7D7 D7C7 D7C6 D7E7 E7D7 E7D6
DF 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.5
FEM 0 -115 115 0 -110 110 0 -28 28 0 -110 110 0
BAL 73 42 -31 -52 30 -24 -401 12 -12 -10 24 -30 -50
CO -15 21 -12 15 -5.8 5.8 -15 12
0 0 0 0 0
BAL 9.7 5.6 -5.6 -9.6 3.3 -3.3 -5.5 2.2 -2.2 -2.1 3.3 -3.3 -5.5
CO -2.8 2.8 -1.6 1.6 -1.1 1.1 -1.6 1.6
0 0 0 0 0
BAL 1.8 1 -0.8 -1.3 0.5 0.4 -0.6 0.5 -0.5 0.4 0.4 -0.5 -0.8
CO -0.4 0.5 -0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.2
0 0 0 0 0
FM 84 -85 102 -63 -90 99 -46 12 21 -12 -99 90 -56
 2.3 DESIGN OF BEAM

Two long edges discontinuous:

Size=5.18m*3.05m
Wall thickness=230mm

Cross sectional dimensions:

Depth =span/depth
=3050/12
Depth d=250mm
D=300mm
b=230mm

Ultimate moment and shear reinforcement:

From the frame analysis the moment = 59KNm
Vu=wl/2
=51.36*3.05/2 =78.32KN

Main reinforcement :
Mulim=0.138*fck*b*d2
=0.138*25*230*2502
Mulim=49.59KNm
Since Mu > Mulim, design a doubly reinforcement section,
Mu - Mulim=58.85-49.59 = 9.26KNm
fsc =[0.0035 (xumax-d’)/xumax] =2*105
fsc = 408N/mm2
But fsc>0.87 fy =0.87 *415 =361N/mm2
Asc = Mu - Mulim / fsc(d-d’)
= 9.26*106/361*(250-50)
Asc =150mm2
Provide 2 bars of 10mm diameter. [Asc=151mm2]
Ast2 = Asc fsc/0.87 fy
=157*361/0.87* fy
Ast2 =160mm2
Ast1 = 0.36 fck*b*xulim/0.87fy
=0.36*25*230*250*0.48/0.87*415
Ast1 =690mm2
Total tension reinforcement Ast = Ast1+Ast2
=690+160
=850mm2
Use 3bars of 20mm diameter [Ast=942mm2]
Shear reinforcement:
τv =Vu/b*d
=78.32*103/ (230*250)
=1.36N/mm2
Pt =100Ast/b*d
= (100*942)/ (230*250)
=1.6
From table 19 of IS 456-2000
τc =0.756N/mm2
Since τv > τc shear reinforcement are required.
Vus = [vu-τcbd]
=78.32-(0.756*230*390*)*10-3
Vus =34.85KN
Use 8mm diameter 2 legged stirrups.
Sv = (0.87*fy*Asv*d)/vus
= (0.87*415*2*50*250)/ (34.85*103)
Sv =259mm
0.75d =0.75*250
d =187.5mm
 Adopt a spacing of 150mm near support gradually increasing to 180mm towards
the center span.

Check for deflection control:

(L/d) act =3050/250
=12.2
(L/d) max = (L/d) basic*kt*kc*kf
Pt =1.52,
Pc = (100*157)/ (230*250)
=0.27
From figure 5.1 code of IS 456-2000
Kt =1.0
Kc = kf =1
(L/d) max =20*1.0*1*1
=20
(L/d) act< (L/d) max
Hence deflection control is satisfied.

Design using SP-16 design tables:

Mu/bd2=58.85*103/ (230*2502) =4.01
Refer table 51 of sp16 and read act percentage of tension and compression reinforcement
as,
Pt =1.385, Pc=0.215
Ast =Pt*b*d/100
=1.385*230*250/100
=800mm2
Asc =Pc*b*d/100
=0.215*230*250/100
=155mm2
The area of reinforcement is same as that computed using theoretical equations.
FIG 2.3 REINFORCEMENT DETAILS IN BEAM
2.3 BEAM DETAILS:

Table 2.3.1 PLINTH LEVEL BEAM DETAILS

Beam Span Tension
S .No Size of beam Shear reinforcement
No (M) reinforcement
3nos of 16mm dia 2nos of 12mm dia
1 B1 1.75 230*230mm
bars bars
3nos of 20mm dia 2nos of 16mm dia
2 B2 3.23 230*280mm
bars bars
3nos of 20mm dia 2nos of 16mm dia
3 B3 3.05 230*250mm
bars bars
3nos of 20mm dia 2nos of 16mm dia
4 B4 3.35 230*300mm
bars bars
3nos of 16mm dia 2nos of 12mm dia
5 B5 1.73 230*230mm
bars bars
3nos of 25mm 2nos of 20mm dia
6 B6 5.18 230*440mm
dia bars bars
3nos of 25mm dia 2nos of 16mm dia
7 B7 5.03 230*400mm
bars bars
3nos of 20mm dia 2nos of 16mm dia
8 B8 2.63 230*250mm
bars bars
 Table 2.3.2 INTERMEDIATE LEVEL BEAM DETAILS

Beam Span Tension

S .No Size of beam Shear reinforcement
No (M) reinforcement
4nos of 12mm dia 3nos of 10mm dia
1 B1 1.75 230*230mm
bars bars
3nos of 16mm dia 2nos of 12mm dia
2 B2 3.23 230*280mm
bars bars
3nos of 16mm dia 2nos of 12mm dia
3 B3 3.05 230*250mm
bars bars
4nos of 16mm dia 3nos of 12mm dia
4 B4 3.35 230*300mm
bars bars
3nos of 12mm dia 2nos of 10mm dia
5 B5 1.73 230*230mm
bars bars

6 B6 5.18 230*440mm 3nos of 20mm 2nos of 12mm dia

dia bars bars
3nos of 20mm dia 2nos of 12mm dia
7 B7 5.03 230*400mm
bars bars
3nos of 16mm dia 2nos of 12mm dia
8 B8 2.63 230*250mm
bars bars
 Table 2.3.3 ROOF LEVEL BEAM DETAILS

Beam Span Tension

S .No Size of beam Shear reinforcement
No (M) reinforcement
12mmφ bars of 3nos 10mm φ bars of 2
1 B1 1.75 230*230mm
of 150mm spacing legged stirrups
16mmφ bars of 3nos 12mm φ bars of 2
2 B2 3.23 230*280mm
of 180mm spacing legged stirrups
16mmφ bars of 3nos 12mm φ bars of 2
3 B3 3.05 230*250mm
of 180mm spacing legged stirrups
16mmφ bars of 3nos 12mm φ bars of 2
4 B4 3.35 230*300mm
of 180mm spacing legged stirrups
12mmφ bars of 3nos 10mm φ bars of 2
5 B5 1.73 230*230mm
of 150mm spacing legged stirrups

20mmφ bars of 3nos 12mm φ bars of 2

6 B6 5.18 230*440mm
of 260mm spacing legged stirrups

20mmφ bars of 3nos 12mm φ bars of 2

7 B7 5.03 230*400mm
of 280mm spacing legged stirrups
16mmφ bars of 3nos 12mm φ bars of 2
8 B8 2.63 230*250mm
of 170mm spacing legged stirrups
 2.4 DESIGN OF COLUMN

Load calculations:

Axial load =1027.2KN

Add 10% extra load for other provision = 102.72KN

Total load =1129.92NK

Ultimate load =1.5*1129.92 =1694.8KN

Check for slenderness:

Effective length of column =0.65*L

=0.65*3000

Le =1950mm

Assume least lateral dimension of column, b = 230mm

Slenderness ratio =1950/230

=8.48<12

Therefore column is short column.

Gross area of column:

Design load =1694.8KN

Assume gross area =Agmm2

Assume 2% of steel reinforcement

 Area of steel (Asc) =0.02Ag

Area of concrete (AC) = Ag -0.02 Ag

=0.98 Ag

PU=0.4fck* Ac+0.67f y Asc

1964.8*103=0.4*25*0.98 Ag+415*0.02 Ag

1964.8*103=9.8* Ag+5.56 Ag

Ag =110344mm2

Size of column:

b=230mm,

d= Ag/b

d= 110344/230 =460mm

Provide 230*460mm

Area of reinforcement:

Refer chart -44 of SP 16 (fy=415 N/mm2 and d2/D =0.1) and read out the value of

P/fck =0.06

P =0.06*25

P=1.5

Asc =PbD/100

= 1.5*230*460/100

Asc =1552.5mm2
Provide 6 bars of 20mm dia bars (1885mm2)

Transverse reinforcement:

Minimum diameter of lateral ties provided the greater of the following

a)Dia /4 =20/4= 5mm

b) 8mm

Hence provide 8mm dia lateral ties.

Minimum pitch length:

a) Least later dimension 230mm

b) 16*diameter of smaller longitudinal bar = 16*20=320mm

Hence provide 230mm c/c.

 Table 2.4 COLUMN DETAILS

Sl.No Column Size in mm Load in KN Area mm2 Reinforcement details

4 Nos of 20mm dia

1 C1 380*230 1098 1256
bars

4 Nos of 20mm dia

2 C2 380*230 1617 1256
bars

6 Nos of 20mm dia

3 C3 230*460 1694.8 1885
bars

6 Nos of 20mm dia

4 C4 230*460 1594.56 1885
bars
FIG 2.4 REINFORCEMENT DETAILS IN COLUMN
 2.5 DESIGN OF FOOTING

Size of footing:
Load of column =1129.92kN.
Self weight of footing (10%) =112.992kN.
Total factored load Wu =1184.47kN.
Footing area = =4.39m2.

Here,
Safe bearing capacity of soil =180kN/m2.
Proportion of the footing area is same proportion as the sides of the column.
Hence,
0.23x*0.46x=4.39
0.1058x2=4.39
x=6.44
Short side of the footing =6.44*0.23=1.48m
Long side of the footing =6.44*0.46=2.96m
Adopt a rectangular footing of size =1.48*2.96m
Factored soil pressure base is computed as
Pu= =257.93kN/m2< (1.5*180) =270kN/m2

Hence the footing area is adequate since the soil pressure developed at base is less than
the factored bearing capacity of soil.

Factored Bending Moments:

Cantilever projection from the short side face of the column =0.5*(1.48-0.23)
=0.63m
Cantilever projection from the long side face of the column =0.5*(2.96-0.46)
=1.25m.
Bending moment at short side of the column =0.5PuL2
=0.5*257.93*0.632
 =51.19kNm.
Bending moment at long side of the column =0.5 puL2
=0.5*257.93*1.252
=201.51kNm.

Depth of footing:
a).Mu=0.138fckbd2.

D =

=250mm.
b).from shear stress consideration we have the critical section for one way shear is located at a
distance ‘d’.from the face of the column.
Shear force per meter width (longer direction) is VuL=250(1250-d)
Assuming shear strength τc=0.36N/mm2.
For M25 grade concrete with nominal percentage of reinforcement,Pt=0.25.
τc=

0.36=

d=550mm.
Hence adopt effective death d=550mm and overall depth D=600mm.

Reinforcement in footing:
a) Longer direction
Mu=0.87fyAstd

201.51*106=0.87*415Ast*550

201.51*106=198577.5Ast=
Ast=1046.77mm2.
Adopt 16mm diameter bars at 160mm c/c (Ast=1257mm2)
b) Shorter direction

5.19*106=0.87*415Ast*550

5.99Ast2=19877.5Ast+51.19*106=0
Ast=260mm2.
Ratio of long to short side β=

Reinforcement in central bond width of 1.48m is = Ast = (1.48*260)

=210mm2.
Minimum reinforcement=0.12% of gross sectional area
=0.0012*1000*550
=660>210mm2
Spacing = = =170mm

Hence provide 12mm diameter bars at 170mm c/c

Check for Shear Stress:

The critical section for one way shear is located at a distance ‘d’ from the face the
column. Ultimate shear force per meter width in the longer direction is
Vu=250(1250-d)
=250(1250-550)
Vu=175kN.

Pt =

=
Refer table 19 of 456-2000 and read out permissible shear stress
τc=0.33N/mm2.
Nominal shear stress τv=

τv=0.32N/mm2.
τv< τcshear stresses are with the safe permissible lim

FIG 2.5 REINFORCEMENT DETAILS IN FOOTING

 2.6 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
Data:
Type of staircase = Dog legged with waist slab, treads and risers.
No. of steps in the flight =10
Tread T =300mm
Rise R =150mm

M25 grade concrete fck =25N/mm2

Fe415HYSD bars fy =415N/mm2
Live load =3KN/mm2

Effective span:
Effective span = (10*300) +230 =3230mm
Thickness of waist slab = [span/20] = [3230/20] =162mm
Adopt overall depth D =165mm
Effective depth d =140mm

Load:
Dead load of slab on slope’Ws’ = (0.165*1*25) =4.125 KN/m.

Dead load of slab on horizontal span in w=

= 4.61kN/m.
Dead load of one step= (0.5*0.15*0.3*25) =0.563kN/m

Load of steps per meter length= =1.88kN/m

Finishes =0.5kN/m.
Total dead load=7kN/m.
Live load =3kN/m.
Total service load =7+3 =10kN/m.
 Factored load ‘Wu’ =1.5*10 =15kN/m.
Bending moments:
Maximum bending moment at centre of span is

Mu= = =19.57kN/m.

Design shear force at support= = =24.3kN

Check for depth of waist slab:

d= =

=84mm<140mm
Hence safe

Main reinforcement:
Mu=0.87 fy Ast d

19.57*106 =0.87*415*Ast 140

Ast=413mm2.
Provide 12mm dia bars

Spacing =

Provide 12mm dia bars at 250mm c/c (provided Ast =453mm2)

Distribution reinforcement:
Minimum reinforcement=0.12% of total c/s area.
2
Minimum Ast=

Provide 8mm dia bars

Spacing = =250mm

Provide 8mm dia bars at 250mm c/c (provided Ast =202 mm2).
Check for shear:

Nominal shear stress τv= = =0.17N/mm2.

% of steel = = =0.33

From table 19 of IS 456-2000

τc=0.4N/mm2
τv<τc hence safe against shear.

Check for deflection:

Max = basic*k

=20*1.4
=28

Provided=

Provided< max

Hence, Safe against the deflection.

FIG 2.6 REINFORCEMENT DETAILS IN STAIRCASE
 2.7 DESIGN OF WATER TANK

From NBC-2005,
Part: 9, plumping services pages
Water requirement for urban communities =70-100L/day
Number of occupants =110persons
Water required for 110 persons =110*100=11000L
Total quantity of water required to be stored =11000L
Design for capacity of 11000L

Size of the tank:

Let the height of the water storage be 2m.
a2*2=11000L
2a2 =11m3
a2 =5.5
a =2.4m
Size of the tank=2.4m*2.4m*2m
Let it be supported 18m above ground level.
Use M25grade concrete&Fe415grade steel.

Design of walls:
Thickness of wall shall not be less than,
1) 150mm
2) 30mm per meter depth +50mm =(30*2)+50 =110mm
3) 60mm per length of side = 60*2.4 =144mm
Let us span of the wall slab =2.4+0.2=2.6m
Consider level 1m above the floor. Water pressure intensity at this level,
=9810*1 =9810N/m2
Bending moment per meter height at this level,
At corners = (9810*2.62)/12 =5526Nm
Bending moment per meter height at this level,
At mid span = (9810*2.62)/16 =4145Nm
Pull on the wall per meter height at this level=9810*2.4/2=11772N

Design of the corner section:

Providing a cover of 25mm and using 12mm diameter bars.
Effective depth=200-25-6 =165mm
Resultant bending moment =M-Tx
= (5526*1000)-(11772(165-100))
=4737276Nmm
Since this bending moment produces tension near the water face, the safe stresses and the design
coefficient are:
C=7N/mm2 t=150N/mm2 m=13.33
Q=1.171 a=0.87d
Steel for bending moment, Ast1 =4737276/ (150*0.87*165) =217mm2
Steel for bending pull, Ast2 =11772/150 =79mm2
Total steel required, Ast =296mm2
Spacing of 12mm diameter bars = (113*1000)/296 =334mm
Provide 12mm diameter bars at 300mm c/c

Design of the mid span section:

Bending moment =4145Nm pull, T=11772N
Resultant bending moment =M-Tx
= (4145*1000)-(11772(165-100))
=3356276Nmm
Since the bending moment produces tension away from the water face, the safe stresses and the
design coefficient are:
C=7N/mm2 t=190N/mm2 m=13.33
Q=1.027 a=0.89d
Steel for bending moment, Ast1=3356276/ (190*0.89*165) =119mm2
Steel for bending pull, Ast2=11772/190 =62mm2
Total steel required, Ast=181mm2
Spacing of 12mm diameter bars= (113*1000)/181 =600mm
Provide 12mm diameter bars at 250mm c/c
Vertical distribution steel = (0.3*200*1000)/100=600mm2
Spacing of 10mm diameter bars= (79*1000)/600=130mm
Provide 10mm diameter bars at 130mm c/c near each face.

Design of the bottom 1m high cantilevering part of the wall:

This will be designed as a cantilever 1meter high and subjected to a triangular load whose
intensity varies uniformly from 0 at the top of the cantilever to 9810*2=19620N/mm2at the
bottom.
Maximum pressure force on the cantilever = (1/2)*19620*1=9810N
Bending moment for the cantilever =9810*(1/3)
=3270Nm
Effective cover to 10mm vertical bars =25+12+5=42mm
Effective depth, d =200-45=158mm
Vertical steel for cantilever moment = (3270*1000)/150*0.87*158
=159mm2
But available vertical steel
Near the water face part of distribution = (600/2) =300mm2

Bottom slab:
Thickness of the base slab =250mm
Consider 1m wide strip of the slab.
Effective span =distance between centers of walls = 2.4+0.2=2.6m

Mid span section:

Maximum sagged moment due to weight of water and water pressure on the walls,
=Wl3/48v2
=9810*2.63/48v2
 =2540Nm
Dead load of 250mm thick slab =25*250
= 6250N/m2
Sagged moment due to dead load of the slab for a 1mwide strip,
= (6250/2)*(2.63/8)
=6866Nm
Total sagging moment =2540+6866 =9406Nm
Pull =Wl2/16
=9810*2.62/16
=4145N
Using 16mm diameter bars at a clear cover of 25mm,
Effective depth, d =250-25-12-8 =205mm
Resultant bending moment =9406*1000-4145(205-125)
=9074400Nmm
This bending moment produces tension away from the water face.
Taking,
C=7N/mm2 t=190N/mm2 a=0.89d
Steel for bending moment, Ast1 =9074400/ (190*0.89*205) =262mm2
Steel for bending pull, Ast2 =4145/190 =22mm2
Total steel required, Ast =284mm2
Spacing of 16mm diameter bars =210*1000/284=740mm
Provide 16 mm diameter bars at 250mm c/c.
End section:
Max .Bending moment =WH3/6 = (9810*23)/6 =13080N-m.
Pull =WH2/2 = (9810*22)/2 =19620N-m
Resultant bending moment =13080*103(19620(205-125))
=11310400Nm
This bending moment produces tension near the water face.
C=7N/mm2 t=150N/mm2 a=0.89d
Steel for bending moment (Ast1) =11510400/ (150*087*205) =430mm2
Steel for pull (Ast2) =19620/150 =131mm2
 Ast =561mm2
Spacing of 16mm F bars = (201*1000)/561 =358mm
Provide 250mm c/c spacing.

Check for depth:

Equating the moment of resistant to the bending moment
1.283*1000*d2 =11510400
d=95mm
But effective depth available =205mm, Hence safe.
FIG 2.7 REINFORCEMENT DETAILS IN WATER TANK
 2.8 DESIGN OF SEPTIC TANK
Data:
No. of people =120
Sewage/capita/day =120 liters
De-sledging =2 years
Detention period =24 hours

Design:
Total quantity of sewage produced =120*120 =14400 liters/day
=14.4m3/day
Sludge storage capacity =0.03m3/capita/day
Volume required for sludge storage =0.03*120*2 =7.2m3
Total capacity required =14.4+7.2+7.14
=28.74m3
Assuming 20% for future expansion
Total capacity of tank =1.2*28.74
=34.488m3
Assuming depth of tank as 1.6m

Cross sectional area of tank = =21.56m2

3B2 = 21.56
B =2.68m
L =10.8m
Provide a free board of 0.3m
Dimensions of tank =10.8m*2.68m*1.6m
=46.31m

Design of soak pit:

Assuming percolation capacity of the following media as 1250 l/m3/day
Sewage outflow =25200 l/day
Volume (of filtering media) required for the soak well
 = =20.16m3

Assume depth of soak pit as 2m

Area of soak pit required = =10.8m2

Dia of soak pit = =3.8m

FIG 2.8 REINFORCEMENT DETAILS IN SEPTIC TANK
FIG 3.1 STRUCTURE MODELING
FIG 3.2 3D VIEW
Design example for analysing two way slab by STAAD Pro analysis

Input Pages Report

Geometry Data

Item Value Unit

Length along shorter 3.89 m
direction
Length along longer 5.15 m
direction
Panel Type Four edges discontinuous
Criteria for Depth User-Defined Depth
User Defined Depth 0.1 m

Material Data

Item Value Unit

Grade of Concrete M20
Grade of Steel Fe415
Unit weight of concrete 2500 kg/m3

Loads

Item Value Unit

Include self-weight? Yes
Superimposed dead load 3.5 kN/m2
Live load 2 kN/m2
Other load 1 kN/m2
Reinforcement Data

Item Value Unit

Barsize along shorter 8
dirn.(mm)
Barsize along longer 8
dirn.(mm)
Clear Cover 0.015 m
Shear Consideration Increase Steel Percentage
Steel % along X-dirn. at 0.12
top
Steel % along Y-dirn. at 0.12
top

Calculation Sheet Report

Design Data
Clear Length of shorter span of the slab , Lx= 3890.000 mm
Clear Length of longer span of the slab , Ly= 5150.000 mm
Panel Type is Four Edge Discontinuous
Uniformly Distibuted Live Load , Wl= 0.00200 N/sq. mm
Characteristic Strength of concrete , Fck= 20.000 N/sq. mm
Characteristic Strength of steel , Fy= 415.000 N/sq. mm
Unit Weight Of Con c= 0.0000245 N/cubic mm
x= 8.000 mm
y= 8.000 mm
Clr. Cover to the outermost Reinf. Bar of the slab , d' = 15.000 mm
Calculation Of Reinforcement
Overall Depth of the Slab, D = 100.000 mm
Dead Load Of Slab , Wd c= 0.00245 N/sq. mm
Effective Depth Of The Slab , d = D - d' - x/2 = 81.000 mm
Effective Thickness Of the Slab along X-Dir ,dx= d = 81.000 mm
Effective Thickness Of the Slab along Y-Dir ,dy= d - x/2 - y/2 = 73.000 mm
Effective Length of shorter span of the slab , Lex= Lx + d = 3971.000 mm
Effective Length of longer span of the slab , Ley= Ly + dy= 5223.000 mm
Ratio of longer to shorter span , r = Ly/Lx= 1.315
Max. Factored Load among all comb. ,W = 0.00595 N/sq. mm
Moment Co- x= 0.07992
Moment Co- 'x= 0.00000
Moment Co- y= 0.05600
Moment Co- 'y= 0.00000
Factored Moment at ,
Span in shorter direction , Mux x* W * Lx2= 7493.81099 Nmm
Span in longer direction , Muy y* W * Lx2= 5251.10591 Nmm
Support in shorter direction , M'ux ' x* W * Lx2= 0.00000 Nmm
Support in longer direction , M'uy ' y* W * Lx2= 0.00000 Nmm
Width of the Slab , b = 1 mm
Limiting Moment of resistance of section
Along X-Direction , Mu,lim-x= 18103.57279 Nmm
Along Y-Direction , Mu,lim-y= 14704.15172 Nmm
Area Of steel reinf. in X-Dir. at span bottom , Astx= 0.27572 sq. mm
Area Of steel reinf. in Y-Dir. at span bottom , Asty= 0.21201 sq. mm
Area Of steel reinf. in X-Dir. at support top , A'stx= 0.13786 sq. mm
Area Of steel reinf. in Y-Dir. at support top , A'sty= 0.10600 sq. mm
Minimum Area Of steel reinf. in X-Dir. , Astx-min= 0.12000 sq. mm
Minimum Area Of steel reinf. in Y-Dir. , Asty-min= 0.12000 sq. mm
2
Cross-sectional Area Of steel in X- x x /4 = 50.26544 sq. mm
 2
Cross-sectional Area Of steel in Y- y y /4 = 50.26544 sq. mm
Spacing in shorter Dir. at span , Sx= 180.000 mm
Spacing in longer Dir. at span , Sy= 210.000 mm
Maximum Spacing in shorter Dir. , Sx-max= 240.000 mm
Maximum Spacing in longer Dir. , Sy-max= 210.000 mm
Spacing in shorter direction at edge , S'x= 240.000 mm
Spacing in longer direction at edge , S'y= 210.000 mm
Calculation Of Shear
Factored shear force in shorter direction , Vux= 9.36833 N
Factored shear force in longer direction , Vuy= 7.87121 N
cx,dev= Vux/ (b + dx) = 0.11566 MPa
cy,dev= Vuy/ (b + dy) = 0.10782 MPa
Percentage of steel reinf. in shorter dir. at top , P'tx= 0.17020
Permissble shear stress at the section along Y- cx= 0.30401 MPa
Percentage of steel reinf. in longer dir. at top , P'ty= 0.14521
Permissble shear stress at the section along X- cy= 0.28340 MPa.
Design example for analysing beam by STAAD Pro analysis
 Design example for analysing column by STAAD Pro analysis

Member 4 - Detailed IS456 Design Requirements

Design of Column is done as per IS:456-2000

Section Property: 230 x 379
Storey height = 3.040 m
Rectangular section: Width = 230 mm Depth = 380 mm
Cover = 40 mm

Member 4 - Detailed IS456 Main Reinforcement

Critical Combination : C5

Axial N, end 1, = 311.21 kN

end 2, = -301.82 kN
Major M, end 1, = 2.79 kNm
end 2, = -5.53 kNm
Minor M, end 1, = 11.29 kNm
end 2, = -13.08 kNm

Column Type: SLENDER , COMPRESSION MEMBER 25.1.2

Unsupported Length of column = 3.04 m

Minimum eccentricity along major axis = 20.00 mm
Minimum eccentricity along minor axis = 20.00 mm
Moment Due to Min Ecc Major = 6.22 kNm
Moment Due to Min Ecc Minor = 6.22 kNm

Additional moments Max = (PuD/2000)[(lex/D)]2 = 3.78 kNm 39.7.1

 May = (Pub/2000)[(ley/b)]2 = 6.25 kNm 39.7.1
Reduction factor for slenderness moments are as calculated below:
kx = (Puz - Pu/Puz - Pbx) = 1.000 and ky = (Puz - Pu/Puz - Pby) = 1.000

The design moment is calculated by using appropriate combination of the following

a. Slenderness moments b. Minimum eccentricity moments c. Applied moments
Design Mx = 6.22 kNm 39.7.1
Design My = 19.33 kNm 39.7.1
The Minimum Percentage of reinforcement is calculated on the basis of the area required for
direct stress.
26.5.3.1 b
Equation used - Pu = 0.4fck.Ac + 0.67fy.Asc 39.3
Assume 0.36 percent steel distributed equally on all sides

Pu / fckb D = 0.18
Referring to the charts in SP:16
Mux / fckb D2 = 0.069
Mux1 = 0.069 x 20 x 230 x 3802 x 10-6 = 46.1 kNm
Muy / fckb D2 = 0.065
Muy1 = 0.065 x 20 x 380 x 2302 x 10-6 = 26.0 kNm
Puz = 0.45fck.Ac + 0.75fyAsc = 880.66 kN 39.6
Pu / Puz = 0.353
alpha n = 1.26 39.6
[ (Mux/Mux1 )] alpha n + [ (Muy/Muy1 )] alpha n = 0.77 39.6
OK for biaxial moment
Actual neutral axis depth, NAx = 189.31 mm
Moment capacity of the column section about X axis, Mxcap =
51.19 KNm
Actual neutral axis depth, NAy = 114.53 mm
Moment capacity of the column section about Y axis, Mycap =
28.27 KNm
Interaction ratio corresponding to provided steel :
[ (Mux/Mxcap )] alpha n + [ (Muy/Mycap )] alpha n = 0.69

Min allowable spacing of bars = 40 mm

Actual spacing of bars = 126 mm
Max allowable spacing of bars = 300 mm 26.5.3.1 g

Main reinforcement provided = 4T12

Actual area of main reinforcement = 452.39 mm2
Max allowable percentage of main reinforcement = 4 % (Refer note to
26.5.3.1 a)
Actual percentage of main reinforcement = 0.52 %
OK
 Design example for analysing rectangular footing by STAAD Pro analysis

Input Pages Report

Geometry Data

Item Value Unit

Footing Sizing Option User Defined Sizing
Length of Footing(X- 2.2 m
Dirn)
Length of Footing(Y- 2.2 m
Dirn)
Min. Width (Y-dirn) 0.5 m
Max. Width (Y-dirn) 5 m
Min. Length (X-dirn) 0.5 m
Max. Length (X-dirn) 5 m
Ratio (Length/Width) 1
Thickness at Edge 0.25 m
Thickness at Column 0.5 m
Face or Pedestal Face
Depth of Foundation 1.2 m
Type of Column Rectangular
Col. Dia. 0.3 m
Col. Length( X-dirn) 0.3 m
Col. Width (Y-dirn) 0.3 m
Consider Pedestal Yes
Height of Pedestal 0.2 m
Length of Pedestal(X- 0.5 m
Dirn)
Width of Pedestal(Y- 0.5 m
Dirn)
ex 0 m
ey 0 m
Allowable Gross 120 kN/m2
Bearing Capacity of
Soil
Consider Water Table No
Depth of Water Table 0.6 m
Load Combination Input Load Factors
Numbers of Primary 2
Load
Number of Service 1
Load Combinations
Number of Strength 1
Load Combinations
Number of Combined 5
Load Cases for
Serviceability
Number of Combined 5
Load Cases for Strength

Modification Factors for Serviceabilty check

Load Combination Combination 1

Bearing Capacity Factor 1
FOS Overturning 1
FOS Sliding 1
Contact Area Percentage 100

Primary Load Cases

Loads Load Case 1 Load Case 2 Unit

Surcharge Load 10 10 kN/m2
Vertical Load 100 50 kN
Horiz. Load 0 0 kN
Along X-dirn
Horiz. Load 0 0 kN
Along Y-dirn
Moment Along 0 0 kNm
X-dirn
Moment Along 0 0 kNm
Y-dirn

Load Combination Factors for Serviceability

Load Combination Combination 1

Selfweightfactor 1
Primary Load 1 1
Primary Load 2 1

Load Combination Factors for Strength Design

Load Combination Combination 1

Selfweightfactor 1.5
Primary Load 1 1.5
Primary Load 2 1.5

Combined Loads for Serviceability

Loads Combination 1 Unit

SelfWeightFactor 1
Surcharge Load 0 kN/m2
Vertical Load 100 kN
Horiz. Load Along X- 0 kN
dirn
Horiz. Load Along Y- 0 kN
dirn
Moment Along X-dirn 0 kNm
Moment Along Y-dirn 0 kNm

Combined Loads for Strength

Loads Combination 1 Unit

SelfWeightFactor 1
Surcharge Load 0 kN/m2
Vertical Load 100 kN
Horiz. Load Along X- 0 kN
dirn
Horiz. Load Along Y- 0 kN
dirn
Moment Along X-dirn 0 kNm
Moment Along Y-dirn 0 kNm
Materials Data

Item Value Unit

Unit Wt. of Soil 1800 kg/m3
Coefficient of Friction 0.5
between Soil &
Foundation
Unit Weight of Water 1000 kg/m3
Grade of Concrete M20
Grade of Steel Fe 415
Grade of Steel for shear Fe 250
reinforcement of
Pedestal
Unit Wt. of Concrete. 2500 kg/m3

Reinforcement Data

Item Value Unit

Dia of bar at bot.along 16
X (mm)
Dia of bar at bot.along 16
Y (mm)
Dia of bar at top along 12
X (mm)
Dia of bar at top along 12
Y (mm)
Dia of Main 12
Reinforcement Bar for
Pedestal
Dia of Shear 12
Reinforcement Bar for
Pedestal
Min. Bar Spacing of 0.04 m
Foundation
Max. Bar Spacing of 0.3 m
Foundation
Consider Clause 34.4 of Yes
IS-456-2000
Percentage of 0.8
Reinforcement in
Column
Shear Consideration for Increase depth of
Foundation Slab footing
Clear Cover for 0.06 m
Foundation Slab
Clear Cover for 0.04 m
Pedestal
Consider curtailment of Yes
reinforcement
Development Check Do not Check
Criteria
Steel % along X-dirn at 0.12
Bot.
Steel % along Y-dirn at 0.12
Bot.
Steel % along X-dirn at 0.12
Top
Steel % along Y-dirn at 0.12
Top
 Calculation Sheet Report

Footing Size Calculations

Foundation Dimension in X-Direction(L x ) = 2.200 m
Foundation Dimension in Y-Direction(L y ) = 2.200 m
Stability Calculation of Foundation against Serviceability Criteria
Weight of Foundation(Wfdn) = 43.446 kN
Weight of Backfill(Wbkfl) = 70.234 kN
Vertical load on Column in Load Case 1 (P) = 0.150 kN
Load on foundation due to surcharge in Load Case 1 (P) = 95.000 kN
Total Vertical load in Load Case 1 (P) = 208.830 kN
Total Moment in X-direction in Load Case 1 ( Mx) = 0.000 kNm
Total Moment in Y-direction in Load Case 1 ( My) = 0.000 kNm
Maximum Bearing Pressure developed in Load Case 1 ( Prmax) = 43.147 kN/sq.m
Minimum Bearing Pressure developed in Load Case 1 ( Prmin) = 43.147 kN/sq.m
Allowable Gross Bearing Pressure in Load Case 1 ( Q All ) = 120.000 kN/sq.m
Total Restoring Moment about Y-axis in Load Case 1 = 229.713 kN-m
Total Overturning Moment about Y-axis in Load Case 1 = 0.000 kN-m
FOS against overturning about Y-axis in Load Case 1 (FOS ovrX ) = 0.000
Total Restoring Moment about X-axis in Load Case 1 = 229.713 kN-m
Total Overturning Moment about X-axis in Load Case 1 = 0.000 kN-m
FOS against overturning about X-axis in Load Case 1 (FOS ovrY ) = 0.000
Allowable FOS against overturing in Load Case 1( Fos over-turn) = 1.000
No moment present along X-Dirn in Load Case 1.So,no overturning occurs along
X-Dirn
No moment present along Y-Dirn in Load Case 1.So,no overturning occurs along
Y-Dirn
Contact Area in Load Case 1 (A contact ) = 4.840 sq. m
Percentage of Contact Area in Load Case 1 (A percentage contact ) = 100.000
Allowable percentage of contact area in Load Case 1(A contPerc ) = 100.000
Tension does not occur
Hence,the foundation is safe against all serviceability criteria
Transfer of Load at the Column-Pedestal junction as per clause 34.4 of IS:456-
2000
Maximum Actual Bearing Stress on the Loaded Area = 1.667 kN/sq.m
Supporting Area for Bearing of Footing ( A 1 )= 0.250 m2
Loaded area at the column base ( A 2 )= 0.090 m2
Permissible Bearing Stress = 0.45*Fck*sqrt(A1/ A2) = 15000.000 kN/sq.m
Transfer of Load at the Pedestal-Foundation junction as per clause 34.4 of IS:456-
2000
Maximum Actual Bearing Stress on the Loaded Area = 5.493 kN/sq.m
Supporting Area for Bearing of Footing ( A 1 )= 4.840 m2
Loaded area at the column base ( A 2 )= 0.250 m2
Permissible Bearing Stress = 0.45*Fck*sqrt(A1/ A2) = 18000.000 kN/sq.m
Calculation of Bottom Reinforcement of the footing
Design soil pressure under the foundation.
Pressure on Foundation in Load Case 1 (PrDesign) = 29.489 kN/sq.m
Maximum upward soil pressure under the foundation(PrDesign ) = 29.489 kN/sq.m
Moment along X-direction on foundation at critcal section on right side of
Column( Mx designRt ) = Prdesign* (((Lx- BCriticalx) / 2)- Ex) 2 /2 = 0.011 kNm per
mm length
Moment along X-direction on foundation at critcal section on left side of Column(
Mx designLt ) = Prdesign* (((Lx- BCriticalx) / 2)+ Ex) 2 /2 = 0.011 kNm per mm length
Moment along Y-direction on foundation at critcal section on right side of
Column( My designRt ) = Prdesign* (((Ly- BCriticaly) / 2)- Ey) 2 /2 = 0.011 kNm per
mm length
Moment along Y-direction on foundation at critcal section on left side of Column(
My designLt ) = Prdesign* (((Ly- BCriticaly) / 2)+ Ey) 2 /2 = 0.011 kNm per mm length
Characteristic strength of concrete (f ck ) = 20.000 N/sq.mm
Yeild strength of reinforcing steel (f y ) = 415.000 N/sq.mm
Limiting MU/BD 2 of the footing section = 2.759 N/sq.mm
Calculated MU/BD 2 in X direction at bottom (Right of Column) = 0.057 N/sq.mm
Calculated MU/BD 2 in X direction at bottom (Left of Column) = 0.057 N/sq.mm
Calculated MU/BD 2 in Y direction at bottom (Right of Column) = 0.062 N/sq.mm
Calculated MU/BD 2 in Y direction at bottom (Left of Column) = 0.062 N/sq.mm
Calculated MU/BD 2 in X direction at bottom (Right of Column) < Limiting
MU/BD 2 Hence OK.
Calculated MU/BD 2 in X direction at bottom (Left of Column) < Limiting
MU/BD 2 Hence OK.
Calculated MU/BD 2 in Y direction at bottom (Right of Column) < Limiting
MU/BD 2 Hence OK.
Calculated MU/BD 2 in Y direction at bottom (Left of Column) < Limiting
MU/BD 2 Hence OK.
Required Reinforcement along X-direction at Bottom on right side of Column( Ast
bxRight ) = 518.40 mm 2 /m length
Required Reinforcement along X-direction at Bottom on left side of Column( Ast
bxLeft ) = 518.40 mm 2 /m length
Required Reinforcement along Y-direction at Bottom on right side of Column( Ast
byRight ) = 499.20 mm 2 /m length
Required Reinforcement along Y-direction at Bottom on left side of Column( Ast
byLeft ) = 499.20 mm 2 /m length
Spacing Provided for Reinforcement along X-direction at Bottom on right side of
Column(S bxRightprov ) = 300.00 mm
Spacing Provided for Reinforcement along X-direction at Bottom on left side of
Column(S bxLeftprov ) = 300.00 mm
Spacing Provided for Reinforcement along Y-direction at Bottom on right side of
Column(S byRightprov ) = 300.00 mm
Spacing Provided for Reinforcement along Y-direction at Bottom on left side of
Column(S byLeftprov ) = 300.00 mm
Provided Reinforcement along X-direction at Bottom on right side of Column( Ast
bxRightprov ) = 670.21 mm 2 /m length
Provided Reinforcement along X-direction at Bottom on left side of Column( Ast
bxLeftprov ) = 670.21 mm 2 /m length
Provided Reinforcement along Y-direction at Bottom on right side of Column( Ast
byRightprov ) = 670.21 mm 2 /m length
Provided Reinforcement along Y-direction at Bottom on left side of Column( Ast
byLeftprov ) = 670.21 mm 2 /m length
One way shear calculation for bottom Reinforcement
cmax ) = 2.800 N/sq.mm
Effective thickness of footing at the critical section (parallel to X-axis) of failure
against one way shear (D sfx ) = 304.941 mm
Effective thickness of footing at the critical section (parallel to Y-axis) of failure
against one way shear (D sfy ) = 293.647 mm
Upward shear force on footing at the critical section on right side of column
parallel to Y-axis (SF xRight ) = 12.326 kN per m length
Upward shear force on footing at the critical section on left side of column parallel
to Y-axis (SF xLeft ) = 12.326 kN per m length
Upward shear force on footing at the critical section on right side of column
parallel to X-axis (SF yRight ) = 12.798 kN per m length
Upward shear force on footing at the critical section on left side of column parallel
to X-axis (SF yLeft ) = 12.798 kN per m length
Shear stress at the critical section parallel to Y-axis on right side of column(
vxRight) = 0.040 N/sq.mm
Shear stress at the critical section parallel to Y- vxLeft)

= 0.040 N/sq.mm
Shear stress at the critical section parallel to X-axis on right side of column(
vyRight) = 0.044 N/sq.mm
Shear stress at the critical section parallel to X- vyLeft)

= 0.044 N/sq.mm
Permissible shear stress at the section parallel to Y-axis on right side of column(
cxRight) = 0.340 N/sq.mm
Permissible shear stress at the section parallel to Y-axis on left side of column(
cxLeft) = 0.340 N/sq.mm
Permissible shear stress at the section parallel to X-axis on right side of column(
cyRight) = 0.345 N/sq.mm
Permissible shear stress at the section parallel to X-axis on left side of column(
cyLeft) = 0.345 N/sq.mm
cxRight vxRight . Hence OK.
cxLeft vxLeft . Hence OK.
cyRight vyRight . Hence OK.
 cyLeft vyLeft . Hence OK.
Punching Shear Calculation
Ratio of minimum to c) = 1.000
Value of Ks= 1.000
Minimum thickness of footing at critical section of punching shear (DPunch ) =
354.824 mm
Perimeter of the punching shear zone (PeriPunch ) = 3696.000 mm
Area of the punching shear zone (AreaPunch ) = 853712.000 sq. mm
Shear force for punching (SF punch ) = Prdesign* (Bx* By- AreaPunch) = 117.550 kN
vPunch ) = SFpunch/ (PeriPunch* DPunch) = 0.090
N/sq.mm
AllPunch ) = Ks* 0.25 * SQRT(fck) = 1.118
N/sq.mm
AllPunch vPunch Hence OK.
FIG 3.3 SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
FIG 3.4 BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
 ESTIMATION

Detailed estimation of apartment building

c/c length of wall around the building =87.99m
c/c length of wall between bedroom, dining and living
cross wall =20.73m
cross wall=5.41m
c/c length of wall between balcony and toilet =1.75m
c/c length of wall between dining and kitchen
cross wall=3.39m
cross wall=2.66m
cross wall=2.36m
c/c length of wall between living and duct
cross wall=10.65m
cross wall=5.12m
cross wall=2.9m
c/clength of wall between living and duct
cross wall=3.63m
cross wall=1.35m
 Table 4.1 DETAILED ESTIMATES

Sl.No Description No’s Dimensions Quantity

L(m) B(m) D(m)
1. Earthquake
excavation
Columns Footings
a).Type1 4 1.52 3.00 3 54.72
b).Type2 6 2.2 2.2 3 87.12
c).Type3 20 1.48 2.96 3 262.85
Lift 1 2.9 1.86 2 10.79
Longwall 1 23.265 0.230 0.300 1.40
Shortwall 2 20.73 0.230 0.200 2.86
Total quantity 419.74m3
2. Coment concrete in
Foundation
a).Type1 4 1.52 3.00 0.5 9.12
b).Type2 6 2.2 2.2 0.5 14.52
c).Type3 20 1.48 2.96 0.5 43.81
Total quantity 67.45m3
3. R.C.C.1:2:4
In Columns, footings,plinth Beams,Roof
Beams
Column footing
a).Type1 4 1.52 3.00 1.5 27.36
b).Type2 6 2.2 2.2 1.5 43.56
c).Type3 20 1.48 2.96 1.5 113.42
Column concreting
Type 1 14 .380 .230 2.6 3.18
Type 2 20 .230 .460 2.6 5.50
Plinth Beams
Beam No 1 to 12 12 1.52 0.230 0.300 1.26
Beam No 12 to 16 4 2.86 0.230 0.300 0.79
Beam No 16 to 20 4 2.13 0.230 0.300 0.59
Beam No 20 to 28 8 3.35 0.230 0.300 1.85
Beam No 28 to 36 8 5.18 0.230 0.300 2.84
Beam No 36 to 38 2 3.41 0.230 0.300 0.47
Beam No 38 to 40 2 2.43 0.230 0.300 0.34
Beam No 42 to 48 8 3.16 0.230 0.300 1.74
Beam No 48 to 52 4 5.15 0.230 0.300 1.42
Beam No 52 to 56 4 1.75 0.230 0.300 0.48
Beam No 56 to 58 2 4.89 0.230 0.300 0.67
Beam No 58 to 60 2 2.4 0.230 0.300 0.33
Beam No 60 to 64 4 2.59 0.230 0.300 0.71
Beam No 64 to 66 2 2.13 0.230 0.300 0.29
Beam No 66 to 68 2 3.54 0.230 0.300 0.49
Beam No 68 to 72 4 3.05 0.230 0.300 0.84
Roof Beams
Beam No 72 to 84 12 1.52 0.230 0.300 1.26
Beam No 84 to 88 4 2.86 0.230 0.300 0.79
Beam No 88 to 92 4 2.13 0.230 0.300 0.59
Beam No 92 to 100 8 3.35 0.230 0.400 2.47
Beam No 100 to 108 8 5.18 0.230 0.500 4.77
Beam No 108 to 110 2 3.41 0.230 0.400 0.63
Beam No 110 to 112 2 2.43 0.230 0.300 0.34
Beam No 112 to 120 8 3.16 0.230 0.400 2.33
Beam No 120 to 124 4 5.15 0.230 0.500 2.40
Beam No 124 to 128 4 1.75 0.230 0.300 0.48
Beam No 128 to 130 2 4.89 0.230 0.450 1.01
Beam No 130 to 132 2 2.4 0.230 0.300 0.33
Beam No 132 to 136 4 2.59 0.230 0.300 0.71
Beam No 136 to 138 2 2.13 0.230 0.300 0.29
Beam No 138 to 140 2 3.54 0.230 0.400 0.56
Beam No 140 to 146 4 3.05 0.230 0.400 1.12
Total Quantity 347.5m3
4. Brick work
 Long wall 1 23.265 0.230 3.00 16.05
Shortwall 2 20.73 0.230 3.00 28.61
Total quantity 44.66m3
5. R.C.C lintel, slabs and staircase
Lintel
Over D1 4 1.5 0.230 0.150 0.210
Over D2 16 1 0.230 0.150 0.550
Over D3 12 0.9 0.230 0.150 0.370
Over W 12 1.5 0.230 0.150 0.620
Over V 8 0.6 0.6 0.150 0.430

Slab
Floor slab 1 23.265 20.73 0.150 72.34
Roof slab 1 23.265 20.73 0.150 72.34
Balcony 4 2.86 1.52 0.150 2.61
Staircase
Landing 1 3.23 3.16 0.150 1.53
Flights 2 3.00 3.16 0.150 2.84
Steps 10 0.300 0.150 0.2 0.09
Total Quantity 153.93m3
6. Sand filling basement
Balcony 4 2.86 1.52 0.45 7.82
Toilet 4 2.13 1.52 0.45 5.83
Utility 4 3.35 1.52 0.45 9.17
Bed room 4 5.18 3.05 0.45 28.44
Dinning 2 3.41 3.16 0.45 9.70
Kitchen 2 2.43 3.16 0.45 6.9
Toilet 4 2.59 1.75 0.45 8.16
Bed room 4 5.18 3.35 0.45 31.24
Living 2 4.89 1.15 0.45 22.667
Dinning 2 2.4 3.16 0.45 6.83
Kitchen 2 2.13 3.16 0.45 6.06
Living 2 3.54 5.15 0.45 16.41
Duct 1 2.67 3.28 0.45 3.94
Duct 2 1.12 1.75 0.45 1.76
Lobby 1 2.67 5.11 0.45 6.14
Total Quantity 171.07m3
7. Flooring
Balcony 4 2.86 1.52 - 17.39
Toilet 4 2.13 1.52 - 12.95
Utility 4 3.35 1.52 - 20.37
Bed room 4 5.18 3.05 - 63.20
Dining 2 3.41 3.16 - 21.55
Kitchen 2 2.43 3.16 - 12.36
Toilet 4 2.59 1.75 - 18.13
Bedroom 4 5.18 3.35 - 69.41
Living 2 4.89 5.15 - 50.37
Duct 1 2.67 3.28 - 8.76
Duct 2 1.12 1.75 - 3.92
Dining 2 2.4 3.16 - 15.17
Kitchen 2 2.13 3.16 - 13.46
Living 2 3.54 5.15 - 36.46

Lobby 1 2.67 5.11 - 13.64

Total Quantity 377.14m3
8. Plastering
Outside wall around 1 64.73 - 3.00 194.18
Inside long wall 1 23.265 - 3.00 69.795
Shortwall 2 20.73 - 3.00 124.38
Total quantity 388.36m2
9. White washing
As per plastering - - - - 388.36
Ceiling
Balcony 4 2.86 1.52 - 17.39
Toilet 4 2.13 1.52 - 12.95
Utility 4 3.35 1.52 - 20.37
Bed room 4 5.18 3.05 - 63.20
Dining 2 3.41 3.16 - 21.55
Kitchen 2 2.43 3.16 - 12.36
Toilet 4 2.59 1.75 - 18.13
 Bedroom 4 5.18 3.35 - 69.41
Living 2 4.89 5.15 - 50.37
Duct 1 2.67 3.28 - 8.76
Duct 2 1.12 1.75 - 3.92
Dining 2 2.4 3.16 - 15.17
Kitchen 2 2.13 3.16 - 13.46
Living 2 3.54 5.15 - 36.46
Lobby 1 2.67 5.11 - 13.64
Total quantity 765.5m2
10. Damp proof course
Long wall 1 23.26 0.230 - 5.35
5
Shortwall 2 20.73 0.230 - 9.34
Total quantity 14.89m2
First floor:

11. R.C.C 1:2:4 in columns, roof beams, column concreting

Type 1 14 0.380 0.230 2.6 3.18
Type 2 20 0.230 0.460 2.6 5.50
Roof beam concreting
Beam No 146 to 158 12 1.52 0.230 0.300 1.26
Beam No 158 to 162 4 2.86 0.230 0.300 0.79
Beam No 162 to 166 4 2.13 0.230 0.300 0.59
Beam No 166 to 174 8 3.35 0.230 0.400 2.47
Beam No 174 to 182 8 5.18 0.230 0.500 4.77
Beam No 182 to 184 2 3.41 0.230 0.400 0.63
Beam No 184 to 186 2 2.43 0.230 0.300 0.34
Beam No 186 to 194 8 3.16 0.230 0.400 2.33
Beam No 194 to 198 4 5.15 0.230 0.500 2.40
Beam No 198 to 202 4 1.75 0.230 0.300 0.48
Beam No 202 to 204 2 4.89 0.230 0.450 1.01
Beam No 204 to 206 2 2.4 0.230 0.300 0.33
Beam No 206 to 208 4 2.59 0.230 0.300 0.71
Beam No 208 to 212 2 2.13 0.230 0.300 0.29
Beam No 212 to 214 2 3.54 0.230 0.400 0.56
Beam No 214 to 218 4 3.05 0.230 0.400 1.12
Total Quantity 28.85m3
12. Brick work
Wall around the 1 87.99 0.230 3.00 60.71
building
Wall between the bedroom and
dining and living
Long wall 2 20.73 0.230 3.00 28.61
Short wall 14 5.41 0.230 3.00 52.26
wall between 4 1.75 0.230 3.00 4.83
balcony and toilet
Wall between dining
and kitchen
Long wall 7 3.39 0.230 3.00 16.37
Short wall 2 2.26 0.230 3.00 3.12
Short wall 2 2.36 0.230 3.00 3.26
 Wall between
living and duct

Long wall 2 10.65 0.230 3.00 14.70

Short wall 2 5.12 0.230 3.00 7.07
Short wall 2 2.9 0.230 3.00 4.00
Wall between
living and duct
Long wall 2 3.63 0.230 3.00 5.101
Short wall 4 1.35 0.230 3.00 3.73
Detection
Door D1 4 1.5 0.230 2.1 2.90
Door D2 16 1.0 0.230 2.1 7.73
Door D3 12 0.9 0.230 2.1 5.22
W 12 1.5 0.230 1.2 4.97
V 8 0.6 0.230 0.6 0.66
Total quantity 182.90m3
13. R.C.C lintel, slabs and staircase
lintel
Over D1 4 1.5 0.230 0.150 0.210
Over D2 16 1 0.230 0.150 0.550
Over D3 12 0.9 0.230 0.150 0.370
Over W 12 1.5 0.230 0.150 0.620
Over V 8 0.6 0.6 0.150 0.430
Slab
Floor slab 1 23.265 20.73 0.150 72.34
Roof slab 1 23.265 20.73 0.150 72.34
Balcony 4 2.86 1.52 0.150 2.61
Staircase
Landing 1 3.23 3.16 0.150 1.53
Flights 2 3.00 3.16 0.150 2.84
Steps 10 0.300 0.150 0.2 0.09
Total Quantity 153.93m3
14. Plastering
Outside
Wall around 1 87.99 - 3 263.97 2(23.265+20.73)
Inside
Balcony 4 8.76 - 3 105.12 2(2.86+1.52)
Toilet 4 7.3 - 3 87.6 2(2.13+1.52)
Utility 4 9.74 - 3 116.88 2(3.35+1.52)
Bed room 4 16.46 - 3 197.52 2(5.18+3.05)
Dining 2 13.14 - 3 78.84 2(3.41+3.14)
Kitchen 2 11.18 - 3 67.08 2(2.43+3.16)
Toilet 4 8.62 - 3 104.16 2(2.59+1.75)
Bed room 4 17.06 - 3 204.72 2(5.18+3.35)
Living 2 20.08 - 3 120.48 2(4.89+5.15)
Living 2 17.38 - 3 104.28 2(3.54+5.15)
Dining 2 11.12 - 3 66.72 2(2.4+3.16)
Kitchen 2 10.58 - 3 63.48 2(2.13+3.16)
Staircase 1 12.78 - 3 38.34 2(3.23+3.16)
Duct 1 11.9 - 3 35.7 2(2.67+3.28)
Duct 2 5.74 - 3 34.44 2(1.12+1.75)
Lobby 1 15.56 - 3 46.68 2(2.67+5.11)
Detection
D1 4 1.5 - 2.1 12.6
D2 16 1 - 2.1 33.6
D3 12 0.9 - 2.1 22.68
W 12 1.5 - 1.2 21.6
V 8 0.6 - 0.6 2.88
Total quantity 1642.65m2

15. Tiles flooring

Balcony 4 2.86 1.52 - 17.39
Toilet 4 2.13 1.52 - 12.95
Utility 4 3.35 1.52 - 20.37
Bedroom 4 5.18 3.05 - 63.20
 Dining 2 3.41 3.16 - 21.55
Kitchen 2 2.43 3.16 - 12.36
Toilet 4 2.59 1.75 - 18.13
Bedroom 4 5.18 3.35 - 69.41
Living 2 4.89 5.15 - 50.37
Duct 1 2.67 3.28 - 8.76
Duct 2 1.12 1.75 - 3.92
Dining 2 2.4 3.16 - 15.17
Kitchen 2 2.13 3.16 - 13.46
Living 2 3.54 5.15 - 36.46
Lobby 1 2.67 5.11 - 13.64
Total quantity 337.14m2
16. Painting of doors and windows
Door1 4*2. 1.5 - 2.1 32.76
6
Door2 16* 1 - 2.1 87.36
2.6
Door3 12* 0.9 - 2.1 58.97
2.6
Window 12* 1.5 - 1.2 34.56
2.6
Ventilator 8*1. 0.6 - 0.6 4.608
6
Total quantity 218.26m2
17. Teak wood work in chowkhat (frames) of door and windows
Door D1 4 5.68 0.10 0.0 0.182
8
Door D2 16 5.48 0.10 0.0 0.70
8
Door D3 12 5.31 0.10 0.0 0.51
8
W 12 18.15 0.10 0.0 1.74
8
Total quantity 3.13m3
18. Deodar wood shutters 40 mm thick for door and windows
Door D1 4 1.37 - 2.0 11.15
35
Door D2 16 1.07 - 2.0 34.84
35
Door D3 12 0.77 - 2.0 18.80
35

W 12 1.32 - 1.6 26.45

7
Total quantity 91.24m2
19. Supply of R.C.C 8 0.6 - 0.6 2.88m2
40 mm thick for
ventilators
20 Weathering course 100mm thick in lime concrete
Over roof 1 23.035 20.5 - 472.22m2
21 Iron hold fasts for doors and windows
Doors 32 1kg - - 32kg
Windows 12 1kg - - 12kg
Total weight 44kg

22. White washing

Outside
Wall around 1 87.99 - 3 263.97 2(23.265+20.73)
Inside
Balcony 4 8.76 - 3 105.12 2(2.86+1.52)
Toilet 4 7.3 - 3 87.6 2(2.13+1.52)
Utility 4 9.74 - 3 116.88 2(3.35+1.52)
Bed room 4 16.46 - 3 197.52 2(5.18+3.05)
Dining 2 13.14 - 3 78.84 2(3.41+3.14)
Kitchen 2 11.18 - 3 67.08 2(2.43+3.16)
Toilet 4 8.62 - 3 104.16 2(2.59+1.75)
Bed room 4 17.06 - 3 204.72 2(5.18+3.35)
Living 2 20.08 - 3 120.48 2(4.89+5.15)
Living 2 17.38 - 3 104.28 2(3.54+5.15)
Dining 2 11.12 - 3 66.72 2(2.4+3.16)
Kitchen 2 10.58 - 3 63.48 2(2.13+3.16)
 Staircase 1 12.78 - 3 38.34 2(3.23+3.16)
Duct 1 11.9 - 3 35.7 2(2.67+3.28)
Duct 2 5.74 - 3 34.44 2(1.12+1.75)
Lobby 1 15.56 - 3 46.68 2(2.67+5.11)
Detection
D1 4 1.5 - 2.1 12.6
D2 16 1 - 2.1 33.6
D3 12 0.9 - 2.1 22.68
W 12 1.5 - 1.2 21.6
V 8 0.6 - 0.6 2.88
Total quantity 1642.65m2

23. Colour washing ceiling

Inside
Balcony 4 8.76 - 3 105.12 2(2.86+1.52)
Toilet 4 7.3 - 3 87.6 2(2.13+1.52)
Utility 4 9.74 - 3 116.88 2(3.35+1.52)
Bed room 4 16.46 - 3 197.52 2(5.18+3.05)
Dining 2 13.14 - 3 78.84 2(3.41+3.14)
Kitchen 2 11.18 - 3 67.08 2(2.43+3.16)
Toilet 4 8.62 - 3 104.16 2(2.59+1.75)
Bed room 4 17.06 - 3 204.72 2(5.18+3.35)
Living 2 20.08 - 3 120.48 2(4.89+5.15)
Living 2 17.38 - 3 104.28 2(3.54+5.15)
Dining 2 11.12 - 3 66.72 2(2.4+3.16)
Kitchen 2 10.58 - 3 63.48 2(2.13+3.16)
Staircase 1 12.78 - 3 38.34 2(3.23+3.16)
Duct 1 11.9 - 3 35.7 2(2.67+3.28)
Duct 2 5.74 - 3 34.44 2(1.12+1.75)
Lobby 1 15.56 - 3 46.68 2(2.67+5.11)
Total quantity 1472.04m2

Estimation values of first floor are similar to other floors.

 Table 4.2 ABSTRACT ESTIMATE

Sl.No Particulars of items Quantity Unit Rate Unit amount

of work
1. Earth work 419.74 m3 1.94 m3 81429.56
excavation for
foundation in all
kind of soil and sub
soil
2. Concrete:
PCC 1:4:8(1 of 101.17 m3 2137 m3 216200.24
cement 4 of sand and
40mm gauge
metal)for foundation
3. Reinforced cement
concrete:
RCC1:2:4 (1 of 491.75 m3 1942.50 m3 955224.7
cement 2 of sand
and 4 of aggregate
)in columns,
footings, plinth
beam, roofs beam
excluding reinforced
cement
4. Brick work in CM 955.61 m3 3883 m3 3710633.63
1:6(1 of cement 6 of
sand )
5. Reinforced cement 92358 m3 680 m3 628034.40
concrete in roof
slab,lintel and
staircase
6. Sand filling in 2273.52 Cu.ft 25 Cu.ft 5683.8
basement
7. Footing with lime 377.14 m2 0.230 m2 86742.0
concrete 750mm
thick finished with
 CC 1:2:4 2mm thick
8. Plastering with 108645 m2 0.197 m2 2140306.5
cement water1:5(1 of
cement 5 of sand
)12mm thick
9. White washing 10864.5 m2 25 m2 271612.5
10. Colour washing 10864.5 m2 113 m2 1227688.5
11. Damp proof course 14.89 m2 20 m2 297.8
in CM 1:3,20mm
thick
12. Teak wood work in 15.65 m3 70900 m3 110958.9
chawkhats in door
and windows
13. Deodar wood shutter 456.2 m2 200 m2 91240
40mm thick for door
and window
14. Supply of RCC jail 14.4 m2 120 m2 1728
40 mm thick for
ventilators
15. Tiles flooring 1885.7 m2 1579 m2 2977520.3
16. Weathering course 5082.93 Sq.ft 25 Sq.ft 127073.34
100mm thick in lime
concrete
17. Painting of doors and 1091.3 m2 10.40 m2 11349.52
windows two coats
over 1 coat of
priming
18. Iron hold fasts for 220 Kg 43 Kg 9460
doors and windows
19. Electrical items 10% 1370296.819
lumpsum
20. Sanitary fittings 9% 1233267.137
lumpsum
21. Septic tank lumpsum 9% 1233267.137
22. For elevation work 20% 2740593.648
23. Sundries 7% 959207.778
Total amount 21239600.71
DRAWINGS:
 CONCLUSION

Planning, analyzing, designing and estimation of apartment building is carried out to have
maximum utility and safety. Planning is done by considering all general requirements of
apartment building. The base dimension of the building is . The building is designed as a RCC
framed structure.

The frame analysis is performed by using STAAD.Pro Software. The two way simply
supported slab, One simply supported slab, Doubly Reinforced beams, Columns, Isolated and
Combined footings, Dog-legged Staircase are designed for M25 grade concrete and Fe 415 steel
by limit state method using IS 456:2000 and SP 16.

Required Plan, elevation and reinforcement details are developed using AutoCAD.

In this project we gathered knowledge about planning, analyzing, designing and

estimation of apartment building and gained enough knowledge about using the codal provisions.
And also we gathered many experience in relationship with many engineers and designers kept
very happy in gaining this type of experience.
 REFERENCES

1. Krishna Raju. N, “Design of RC Structures”, CBS Publishers and Distributors,

New Delhi, 2006.
2. Punmia,P.C, “Structural Analysis”, Laxmi Publications , New Delhi, 2000.
3. Ashok.K.Jain, “Reinforced Concrete Structures”, Vol II, Laxmi Publications,
New Delhi, 2000.
4. Dutta.B.N., “Estimating and Costing in Civil Engineering”, UBS Publishers &
Distributors Pvt. Ltd., 2003.
5. Design aids for reinforced concrete IS 456:2000, SP-16, Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi.
6. Indian Standard Code of practice for Plain and Reinforced concrete, IS-456:2000.
7. National Building Codes.