Module 1: Visualizing and Identifying the Different Spatial Figures

Words to Standards
know The learner shows understanding of the
Solid attributes of spatial figures and enjoys their functional
Pyramid use in their daily life.
Prism

“Do you know what an architect does?” “What is the difference

between architecture and an architect?” “What shapes do architects use to
build things?”

Read and Learn

Wherever we look, we see three-dimensional shapes. Buildings,

furniture, plants, even people themselves: all are solid objects. Whenever
we look at the world around us, we see it in three dimensions: length,
width and height. When you take a photograph like the examples below,
you capture these three dimensions on the flat plane of the photographic
paper or on the computer screen.

Solid figures have three dimensions the length, width and the
height. Solids are boundaries that enclose a part of space. There are two
kinds, the prism and pyramid. Refer to the figures below:
 A prism is a solid figure whose two bases are
congruent polygon in parallel planes, and the
other faces called lateral faces, are lateral face

parallelograms.
base

Triangular Rectangular Pentagonal

Pyramid Pyramid Pyramid
apex
A pyramid is a space figure in which one face is lateral face
called the base, and the other faces, called
lateral faces, are triangles having a common
vertex called the apex.
base

There are solid figures that are bounded by curve surfaces.

 A cylinder is a prism with bases bounded by

simple closed curves usually circles.

 A cone is a pyramid with circular base and all

line segments from a circle meet at a point called
apex.

 A sphere is a solid all points of which are

equidistant from some given point.

Every solid figure has a pattern, the images that are drawn on a
paper are indeed plane figures.

cube

rectangular prism
 We call the diagram in the above a net. A net is a flat pattern that,
when folded and taped together builds a solid.

Practice
A. Identify each solid figure.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9. 10.

B. True or False.
_______1. A cabinet is an example of a pyramid.
_______2. A cube is a simplest kind of prism.
_______3. All pyramids are solids.
_______4. All prisms are solids.
_______5. All solids are prisms.
_______6. All solids are pyramids.
_______7. A triangle is a possible base of a prism.
_______8. A cylinder is a prism.
_______9. The bases and faces of a prism is a parallelogram.
_______10. A pyramid can have a circular base.

More Practice
A. Match the shape of each object with its geometric name on
the right.
1. Die a. Sphere
2. Soccer ball b. Hemisphere
3. Box of soap c. Pyramid
4. Full moon d. Rectangular prism
5. Ice-cream holder e. Cube
6. Drum f. Triangular prism
7. Mt. Mayon g. Triangular pyramid
8. Ball h. Cylinder
9. Camera stand i. Cone
10. Refrigerator j. Hexagonal prism

B. Circle the net of the given solid.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

C. Draw the net pattern of the following solid figures.

1. pentagonal pyramid
2. hexagonal prism
3. cone
4. sphere
5. octagonal prism
Apply and Extend

Activity: Investigating Different Perspectives

(Does figure’s appearance changes if it is viewed from different
positions?)

Materials: models of pyramids, cones, cylinders, and spheres; cardboard

cutouts of a rectangle, triangle, and circle; light source; drawing paper

1. Place each solid in front of the light source so that you cast a
shadow from a top view, a front view, and a side view. Record
each shadow by tracing it.
2. Place each cardboard cutout in front of the light source. Rotate the
figure. Record the shadow when the shape is perpendicular to the
ray of light, at an angle to the ray of light, and parallel to the ray of
light.

Answer the following:

1. Look at the shadows cast by the solid figures. Are any of the
shadows the same shape?
2. Look at the shadows cast by the cutouts. Do the shadows always
look like the figures that formed them?
3. What is special about the shadows cast by the sphere?
Lesson 1.1: Visualizing and Identifying Different Spatial Figures

Lesson Organizer

Objectives : 1. Identify and give examples of solid figures.

2. Differentiate a prism from a pyramid.
3. Associate solid figures with objects in the
environment.
Materials : models of solids figures and real objects ,
representing solid figures, illustrations
Vocabulary : solid, pyramid, prism
Time Frame : 2 days

Learning Plan

I. Introduce

Connect to Prior Knowledge

Before you begin this lesson, facilitate an activity that creates

cooperative groups of 2-4. One piece of paper will be given to each
cooperative group. Pupils will be instructed that they will have only two
minutes to write down as many geometric shapes as they can. Each pupil
will write the name of only one geometric shape and then pass the paper to
the next pupil. The game ends when the time expires.
Let the representative of each group discuss to the class all the
geometric shapes they have collected from the game. If the groups have
shared all their answers in the class, ask them what did they notice among
their answers? Once the pupils’ figures that their answers have all in
common which is flat and 2-dimensional, have a review on geometric
figures especially the plane figures. That is, they are figures that contain a
portion of a plane. That portion of the plane will play a big part of the
lesson for today.

II. Use the Book

Introduce the lesson on the book by looking at the illustration and

presenting the questions (“Do you know what an architect does?” “What
is the difference between architecture and an architect?” “What shapes do
architects use to build things?”), the pupils will come up with different
answers, and then make follow-up questions (Are those 3-dimensional or
2-dimensional?” “How do architect and engineer plan in building a
house?”)
 Discuss with pupils what they know about building a house. How
do those questions relate to building a house? Show a series of pictures on
different infrastructure that will help the teacher with lessons about how to
build things. It will also help the learners explore to better understand the
knowledge on how to use different shapes to come up with another figure.
Tell them that these figures can be found everywhere. Let them discover
the lesson for the day.

Read and Learn

Use models to introduce solid figures. Describe each solid

identifying the shapes of their faces, lateral faces and bases. Associate
solid figures with real objects in their environment. Let them differentiate
between 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional drawings through the use of
pictures and real life objects as examples.
Pupils will learn basic information about solids through the use of
their book. Let the pupils focus their attention on the object presented. Let
them discover the difference between solids with flat surfaces and solids
with curve surfaces. Ask the question what is prism? a pyramid? a
cylinder? a cone? a sphere? Describe each of these figures.
Introduce the net, a net is a flat pattern that, when folded and taped
together builds a solid. Demonstrate how to make a cubes, rectangular
prisms, cylinders and cones from the photocopied patterns. Have students
practice making their own.
Give each group a model of each solid figure and an example of
real life object, ask them to compare, or differentiate, and relate it to one
another. Give them time to share their ideas to their group mates. Go
around making sure that all of them are doing their work. After 5 minutes
they are going to share it to the class.
Give some feedback to their answers.

Practice
Have the pupils identify the solid figures orally to check their
understandings. Encourage them to reason for their answers.

More Practice
Answer exercise A to know if the pupils can associate solid figures
to real life object. Have them work on exercise B to know if the pupils can
identify the patterns for each figure.

Apply and Extend

Cooperative groups will work on this activity by presenting the

question: (Does figure’s appearance changes if it is viewed from different
positions?) Students will begin to write their answers on a journal to
document the new understandings. Let them share their answers to the
class.

III. Deepen and Fix Skills

The following are suggested activities that you can use to reinforce
remediate or enrich your lessons.

A. Extending the Shadow Activity

Have pupils work on their own. Match these shadows with the
solid figures that cast them. Then identify each shadow as a top, a front, or
a side view.

1. 2. 3. 4.

a. b. c. d.

e. f. g. h.

i. j.

B. Create 2D and 3D shapes

In this creative Math activity the pupils will create 2D and 3D

shapes out of tooth picks and clay balls.
Materials: Toothpicks and clay balls.
Warm-up activity: Review the names of 2D and 3D shapes, and list the
names on the board.
Give each child some clay balls and toothpicks.

1. Which 2D shapes can we make? Let the pupils work individually. The
clay balls will be used as "corners" and the toothpicks as the sides.
2. When all pupils seem confident in making 2D shapes. Let them
continue by making different 3D shapes on their own.
3. Thereafter let the children work in pairs, to create one 3D shape of
their own choice, using as many tooth picks and clay balls as they
want, as long as they can keep the 3D shape from falling apart.

When they are done with their shape, use a string to hang it on the
classroom ceiling. Underneath each shape they put a note, on which they
have written their names, and also a "name" for their shape.

Extension activities:
1. Discuss where in real life the students have seen shapes, like the ones
they have created?
2. Draw 2D shapes from the 3D shapes. Copy from different angles, and
write the names of the 2D shapes.

IV. Close

Let the pupils recall the definition of solid, they should be able to
distinguish between prisms and pyramids. It is important that the pupils be
familiar with different characteristics of solid figures and associate them to
real life objects in their environment. Have them realize the importance of
learning this concept and help them apply these understandings in real life
situations.

V. Evaluate

A. Identify:
1. A solid with bases are congruent circles.
2. A solid whose base is a polygon and whose lateral faces are
triangles.
3. A solid bounded by flat surfaces that form polygons
4. A prism made up of six congruent faces.
5. A right prism bounded by parallelograms.

B. Journal Entry: Answer the following.

1. How are prisms defined/describe?
2. How are prisms classified?
3. What are solids with circular bases? Describe them?