ECE-4A GROUP 4

Value based safety and off-the-job safety

1. Safety as a Value; Choice vs. Compliance

2. Off-the-Job Safety

3. Safety as Related to Health Practices

Safety as a Value; Choice vs. Compliance

Definition of Terms

Safety – The condition or state of being safe; freedom from danger or hazard; exemption from hurt, injury, or loss.
Value – val· ues, plural noun; principles or standards: the accepted principles or standards of a person or a group.
Ethic – Ethical; moral. The philosophy of morals; the standard of character set up by any race or nation.
Choice – A decision to choose one thing, person, or course of action in preference to others.
Compliance – Acting according to certain accepted standards; to conform, submit, or adapt as required or requested; conformity
in fulfilling official requirements.

From a Priority to a Value

Safety as a value is a simple statement, but one that is not always as easily executed as one would assume. Safety as a value and
#1 priority is a common goal of many managers; however, it can lead to difficulties because it requires transforming the
behavior and beliefs of leadership, individual employees and the general culture. One of the tests of whether safety is sincerely
held as a value is management’s approach (toward attitude) about off-the-job injury. If leadership is seen as being unconcerned
or less than genuine in their speaking about safety off the job, they will be perceived as less than sincere about their professed
concern for safety on the job. Safety is a value not a strategy.

Judgment and Choice vs. Compliance

In an injury-free environment, management must be willing to recognize compliance-based safety processes and procedures,
while stretching their thinking and beliefs beyond the rules. While we will not take the time here to delve into the limits of
compliance as a basis for safety management, suffice it to say that it is necessary and should be enforced, but it does not
compliance as a basis for safety management, suffice it to say that it is necessary and should be enforced, but it does not
guarantee sound judgment and choice.

Respecting People for Their Intrinsic Value

Treating people with genuine respect and concern is one of the most effective ways. Treating people with genuine respect and
concern is one of the most effective ways to help create an injury-free environment. Low morale, feelings of disrespect and loss
of dignity, and ‘quality of life’ issues are all indicators of discontented worker, which can lead to careless work habits.

Off-the-Job Safety
Off-the-job safety is the extension of an organization’s on-the-job safety culture. Off-the-job safety programs educate
employees about being safe while not at work.

For the Employer Off the job injuries to employees and their families can be a burden to their employers. They can lead to on
the job injuries, increased healthcare costs, increased absenteeism, and decreased productivity. They can also be especially
critical for smaller employers, where an employee’s absence from work can significantly impact daily operations. By extending
an on the job safety culture and/or wellness program to incorporate off-the-job safety topics, employers demonstrate they truly
care about the well-being of their employees and their families at work, at home and in the community. They can also help build
trust and increase employee engagement in other workplace health and wellness programs.
Requirements

Each worksite shall:

a. Conduct on-the-job safety and health activities to encourage employees and their dependents to be safe off the job, in the

home and in all activities.

b. Educate employees about off-the-job safety through items/activities such as safety meetings, publications, posters, bulletin

boards and flyers.

c. Conduct promotional campaigns, such as seat belt use, fire prevention for the home and recreational safety.

d. Provide and/or encourage employees to participate in health/fitness activities.

Responsibilities

1. The Risk Management Program Manager shall be responsible for developing a yearly calendar of “Off-the-Job Safety”
topics for distribution to the Regional Safety Managers one month prior to the start of each new fiscal year. In addition,
the Risk management Program Manager will prepare timely safety alerts for pertinent topics as they develop for
regional distribution.
2. The Regional Safety Manager shall be responsible for forwarding “Off-the-Job Safety” topics to all operating units and
for ensuring that the Region’s and park’s safety programs include off-the-job promotional activities.
3. The Park Safety Officer or Collateral Duty Safety Officer shall be responsible for developing site-specific off-the-job
safety programs cooperatively with the park’s safety committee. They must also ensure supervisors and managers are
provided with promotional materials and yearly agendas to assist them in this effort.
4. Employees are charged with participating in any off-the-job safety programs established at their work unit and
encouraging safe behaviors in all activities on and off the job.

Different Off-the-Job Safety and Health Programs of Different Companies

1. Intel
At Intel, the same logic used to build computers is used to develop the company’s off-the-job safety program. This logic
includes following processes, creating value and making connections. It begins with process. Intel started by defining the
processes for workplace safety at all of its locations and business units. In a company of 80,000 employees with differing
work responsibilities at multiple locations, a single large program isn’t the best strategy.
It begins with process. Intel started by defining the processes for workplace safety at all of its locations and business
units. In a company of 80,000 employees with differing work responsibilities at multiple locations, a single large program
isn’t the best strategy.

“We began our journey to safety excellence with tremendous discipline,” said Jim Wick, Intel’s worldwide
environmental health and safety manager. “This was how we needed to do it.”
With workplace safety processes in place, Intel then created value for those 80,000 employees. “We introduced an
injury-free culture to our employees as a value,” Wick said. “It’s about people, choices and value systems,” he said,
adding, “It’s good for morale, and good for business.” How good for business was it?

Recordable incidents at Intel are down from 2,000 to about 200 during a 10-year period. Intel’s 2004 total recordable
rate is 0.27 – with the greatest improvement in the manufacturing units.
2. Medtronic

More than 340,000 people die each year from coronary heart disease, according to the Dallas-based American Heart
Association. Most of these are sudden deaths caused by cardiac arrest. Medtronic Emergency Response Systems wants
to reduce that figure. The Redmond, WA-based company recently set up free training and certification in CPR and
automated external defibrillator use for its own 1,000-member team. These two life saving measures give Medtronic
employees the knowledge to reverse cardiac arrest no matter where they are.

“The training is really there so we can help other people,” said Rob Moe, senior human resource manager at Medtronic.
“That includes family members and people in the community – that might be someone sitting next to you at a football or
basketball game, or somebody at church.” The idea to certify employees was the brainchild of Medtronic President Bob
White, who recognized an increase in AED use off the job and wanted to make sure Medtronic’s employees, knew what
to do if they witnessed someone suffering a heart attack outside the office. “[Bob] thought it would be appropriate for
us, since we manufacture AEDs,” Moe said. “The more people who know how to use [CPR and AEDs] the better off and
safer we will all be wherever we are.”

3. Duncan Aviation

Keeping drivers safe on the road is a big challenge – more than 2.4 million Americans were injured or killed in motor
vehicle accidents in 2004. Despite the high amount of roadway incidents, Lincoln, NE-based Duncan Aviation manages to
keep the number of employee driving accidents low. The aircraft service company has created a number of aggressive
off-the-job programs to help its aviation experts drive with caution.

Bob Perry, safety director at Duncan Aviation said his company assessed the hazards and then sought assistance from
Marvin Kohout, director of traffic safety at the Nebraska Safety Council. “Four years ago we started working on our
employees to wear seat belts in their own vehicles,”

Perry said. “Seat beltchecks went from 37 percent to 92 percent this year.”

Along with the belt checks, Duncan Aviation held quarterly child safety seat inspections, and offered employees the
opportunity to buy discounted bicycle helmets and fire safety equipment. Duncan also obtained radar trailers to help
reduce speeding. “We have one on the east side of the airport and one on the west side of the airport. We put the radar
trailer out before the holidays,” Perry said. “If you’re

supposed go 25 mph and you’re over, it tells you how fast you’re going and starts blinking at you. It doesn’t take
pictures, it doesn’t get your license plate, but it does remind people to slow down.”
Duncan Aviation now offers a variety of classes on driving safety, including safety and wellness sessions on driving in
winter conditions, a basic car maintenance course that shows employees how to change tires, how to check the fluids in
their vehicles, how to check air pressure in their tires, and a talk on drinking and driving. “We did that when school was
out so people could have their teenagers come in,” Perry said. “We wanted to show them why it’s important not to
drink and drive, and to let them know if they are drunk they should call someone to pick them up.”

4. Morton Salt

At Morton Salt, they successfully build safety awareness away from work means involving workers’ families. “In our
culture we believe we need to address off-the-job safety,” said Michael Resetar, director, health and safety. “We foster
this concept, not only for our employees, but for their families. We feel a real obligation to send safety home.” The
decision to do this is based on four principles Morton

Salt believes are a necessary part of the company’s safety culture for the present and the future:

 For excellence in safety performance on the job, the company wants to ensure the “Safety Hat” is not taken off
as employees leave the worksite. The rules off the job must be the same as those on the job if people are to
remain injury-free, no matter what the circumstances.

 The concept of responsible leadership makes it paramount that family health and safety become a part of
Morton Salt’s identity. It is also an investment in the communities Morton Salt is a part of in North America.
Morton Salt wants to emphasize that it is not only a business, but family that cares for and acts responsibly to its
own.

 The children of current employees will be running the company sites in the future. The company wants them to
be able to come in with a safety culture and to continue some of the things the company is doing today. The
company does not want them to have to reinvent safety; rather, to make sure excellence in safety is just a part
of their future work culture, what they do naturally without even thinking about it.

 Morton Salt employees value the opportunity to share off-the-job safety knowledge with its families.

Implementing Off-the-Job Safety Programs

It is recommended that off-the-job safety programs be localized and delivered as a series of suggestions or helpful hints,
rather than as a series of mandates. A localized approach is effective for targeting issues relevant to employee’s daily
lives and information can be shared through paycheck stuffers, emails, social media or a company newsletter.

One half of home fire deaths occur in the 6 percent of homes with no Smoke alarm (NFPA Report)

In 1982, over 1,036,500 fires in homes claimed more than 5,000 lives and caused $6.4 billion dollars’ worth of damage.
More than twice as many fires occurred in homes than in any other occupancy put together, including restaurants,
hotels, schools, manufacturing plants, etc.
You’re protected at work and in public places by fire codes and laws that require early warning devices (smoke and heat
detectors) and fire extinguishers. It is highly recommended that you obtain the appropriate fire protection equipment
for your home as soon as possible. It is the cheapest form of life and fire insurance possible. Smoke detectors of an
approved type are a good investment to provide early warning of a fire in the home.

Make sure there are no frayed cords

Good Housekeeping should be practiced throughout the home. Avoid using the basement, attic or utility room for a
dumping ground, especially for combustible materials.

The yard should be kept clear of broken glass, nail-studded boards, and other litter. Electric utensils or tools should be
properly grounded if they are not of the "double insulated" type and should always be disconnected when not in use.

You should always tag and identify your main gas and water valves and electrical cut-offs. Be sure that others in your
family know where they are located and how to cut the supply in the event of an emergency.

Fuses or circuit breakers should be labeled to identify outlets and fixtures they protect. Good lighting should be available
for work areas, stairways, and in the bedrooms of children and elderly persons. Keep emergency phone numbers handy
(utilities, doctors, poison control, etc.).

Falls are the greatest killers in the home. Always have non-skid backing on small rugs and avoid using them at the top of
stairs.

Use a step stool or utility ladder--never a chair or table--when reaching into high cupboards or shelves. Keep ladders in
good condition by replacing loose rungs, worn ladder shoes, and frayed ropes on extension ladders.

Replace cracked or frayed electrical appliance and extension cords.

Don't use aerosols near open flames or while smoking.

Keep firearms secure in a locked rack or cabinet and ammunition stored separately from the firearms.

Always use the right tool for the job and always get help from a neighbor or friend for heavy or difficult jobs.

Prepare and practice a family escape plan in case of a fire that might occur during the day or night. This plan should
include two ways out of every area and a pre-determined meeting place outside of the home.

Kitchen-Bathroom-Utility

Wipe up liquid spills immediately.

Turn hot handles away from the stove front so they don't tempt little children, but don't place them over another
burner.

Keep in mind that water should never be poured on a grease fire.

Washers and dryers should be electrically grounded.

Always keep household cleaners, disinfectants, insecticides, drain openers, and medicines in their original labeled
containers--separate from food--and preferably locked up and out of reach of small children.

Read the label before taking any medicine.

Keep emergency phone numbers like police, fire, doctors, utilities, handy by your telephone.

Garage-Workshop

Keep all tools properly guarded and out of reach of small children.

Flammable paint thinners and solvents should be kept in metal cans. Their vapors will travel along the ground, so it is
important to keep them stored away from gas hot-water tanks, heaters, or other sources of ignition.

When operating a power mower, keep children and pets a safe distance away. Always shut off the mower and make
sure the blades are stopped before adjusting the blade or emptying the grass catcher.

Keep the garage door open while running the car engine inside to avoid asphyxiation.

Motor-vehicle accidents are the #1 accidental killers of our children ages 5 and under. Using a child safety seat is
estimated to be 80 to 90 percent effective in preventing fatalities.

Safety as Related to Health Practices

Health practices are voluntary activities affecting health, such as sleep, exercise and diet. In humans , health is the
general condition of a person's mind and body, usually meaning to be free from illness, injury or pain (as in "good
health" or "healthy"). The World Health Organization (WHO) defined health in its broader sense in 1946 as "a state of
complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Health is the level
of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living organism.

TWO ASPECTS OF HEALTH

A. Physical health

Another term for physical health is physical well-being. Physical health relates to anything concerning our bodies as
physical entities. Physical health is defined as something a person can achieve by developing all health-related
components of his/her lifestyle. Physical health means a good body health, which is healthy because of regular physical
activity (exercise), good nutrition, and adequate rest. Other contributors to physical wellbeing may include proper
nutrition, bodyweight management, abstaining from drug abuse, avoiding alcohol abuse, responsible sexual behavior
(sexual health), hygiene, and getting the right amount of sleep. Fitness reflects a person's cardiorespiratory endurance,
muscular strength, flexibility, and body composition.

Some people divide physical health into two separate sections:

 Structural health

This refers to sound bones, muscles, organs etc. that the structures in the body are performing the functions
they were made for properly. Structural health is associated with a person's height/weight ratio, their BMI
(bodymass index), their resting pulse rate (heart rate), and recovery time after doing exercise.

Chemical Health

Good chemical health means that the chemicals in the person's body are correct, that tissues contain the
right balance of nutrients, etc., and there are no toxic chemicals. We may inhale or swallow natural and
synthetic chemicals; they can also get into our body through skin. In most cases, the body can break these
chemicals down or excrete them, so that there is no risk of toxic overload. Some chemicals can harm or
destroy cells and tissues, while others may affect genetic material directly, which can increase the risk of
developing cancer.

B. Mental health

Mental health refers to people's cognitive and emotional well-being. According to WHO, mental health is "a state of
well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work
productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community". Mental health refers to the
absence of mental illness. Mental health includes the ability to enjoy life, the ability to bounce back from adversity, the
ability to achieve balance (moderation), the ability to be flexible and adapt, the ability to feel safe and secure, and self-
actualization (making the best of what you have).

MAIN DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

The health of individual people and their communities are affected by a wide range of contributory factors. People's
good or bad health is determined by their environment and situations - what is happening and what has happened to
them, says WHO.

WHO says the main determinants to health are:

A. The social and economic environment (Our economy and society)

The higher a person's socioeconomic status is, the more likely he/she is to enjoy good health. The link is a clear one.
Socioeconomic status affects all members of the family, including newborn babies. Australian researchers found that
women of lower socioeconomic status are less likely to breastfeed their newborn babies - a factor which will have an
impact on the health of the baby just as he/she enters the world. A South Korean study revealed a clear link between
low socioeconomic status and heart attack and stroke risk.

B. The physical environment (Where we live, what is physically around us)

If your water is clean and safe, the air you breathe is pure, your workplace is healthy, your house is comfortable and
safe, you are more likely to enjoy good health compared to somebody whose water supply is not clean and safe, the air
he/she breathes is contaminated, the workplace is unhealthy, etc. A study carried out by researchers at Zuyd University,
The Netherlands, found that just an hour of sniffing car exhaust fumes induces a stress response in the brain's activity.
Another study carried out at Indiana University-Purdue University found that chronic lead poisoning, caused in part by
the ingestion of contaminated dirt, affects hundreds of thousands more children in the United States than the acute lead
poisoning associated with imported toys or jewelry.

C. The person's individual characteristics and behaviors (What we are and what we do)
People's longevity, general health, and propensity to certain diseases are partly determined by their genetic
makeup. Researchers from Vrije University, Holland, the Medical College of Georgia, USA, and Duke University, USA
showed that people's genes play a key role in how they respond both biologically and psychologically to stress in their
environment.

Men and women are susceptible to some different diseases, conditions and physical experiences, which play a role in
our general health. For example, childbirth, ovarian cancer, and cervical cancer, are experienced only by women, while
prostate cancer, testicular cancer are only experienced by men.

What we eat, our physical activity, whether or not we smoke or drink or take drugs, and how we cope with stress play an
important role on our physical and mental well-being.

SELF-CARE STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

A. Get enough sleep

Getting enough sleep is a vital part of functioning at our best. Human body need 8-9 hours of sleep in order to function
optimally.

B. Maintain good nutrition

Poor nutrition can actually make us more vulnerable to stress. Having good nutrition keeps us functioning at our best.

C. Exercise regularly

Exercise can be great for us both physically and mentally. Research shows that 20-30 minutes of aerobic exercise three
times a week can help the body produce endorphins, chemicals in our bodies that neutralize stress hormones, and
increase our sense of well-being.

D. Be mindful of substance use

People tend to experiment with substances. Substances, like tobacco and alcohol, can be used for relaxation and
celebration. If substance use is interfering with your functioning or in reaching your goals, seek support to find more
healthy ways to manage.

E. Develop supportive relationships

Having supportive and caring people in our lives can help us feel connected to others and less isolated. Good friends can
help us when we are sad, provide insight when we need help, or have fun with us when we need to blow off steam.
Being a good friend to others can also help us feel good about ourselves.

F. Accept who we are

Being realistic about what we do well and what we don’t lets us use our energy to make the most of our strengths.
When we like who we are and value ourselves (i.e. have good self-esteem), this helps us to feel positive about our
interactions with others. We can practice this by being kind and compassionate with ourselves and learning to listen and
trust our instincts and feelings.

G. Practice good communication

Being a good communicator is something that all of us can learn. When we assert ourselves effectively, this can help us
to let others know us more thoroughly, and can help us set good boundaries and limits.

H. Practice positive thinking

By learning to think more positively, we can move through negative experiences more quickly and effectively. Being
mindful of how our thoughts affect our behavior and feelings. Negative thinking can initiate a stress response, such as
increased anxiety and worry, or physical problems like headaches.

I. Practice setting realistic goals

When we set goals for ourselves, it helps us to achieve what we hope to achieve and move forward in a positive way.
This includes developing a practice of prioritizing, planning, and approaching tasks strategically so that we can keep life’s
demands from becoming overwhelming.

J. Find time for relaxation and play

This can help balance our lives in positive and fulfilling ways.

Children understand the importance of relaxation and play better than adults. Somewhere along the line, we forget
about this vital part of life. We need to continue to find ways to nurture ourselves through play and relaxation.

ECE-4A GROUP4

ADRIANO, Kaiser Randi

BAUTISTA, Tricia G.

CONGAYO, Ara D.

MACAPINLAC, Jones J.

NICOLAS, Arnold S.

TAGLE, Ansarakiel Angelee V.

Reference: https://dlscrib.com/value-based-safety-and-off-the-job-safety_58b2d39f6454a77334b1e9ef_pdf.html