Republic of the Philippines

LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY

ECE 4111

PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

AM STATION AND FM STATION VISIT

Submitted by:

Paulmino, Ian Paul

Submitted to:

Eng’r. Jonnel K. Pabico, PECE

I. ------------------------------------------------ Introduction

II. ------------------------------------------------ Objectives

III. ------------------------------------------------ Background of transmission system

IV. ---------------------------------------------- Information of the visited radio

station

V. ------------------------------------------------ Question to be asked

VI. ------------------------------------------------ Discussion

VII. ------------------------------------------------ Photo narration

VIII. ------------------------------------------------ References

IX. ------------------------------------------------ Acknowledgement

Nowadays as the world rotate to its axis, lots of inventions in old age

continuously evolving. With the help of professionals exerting and investing time

developing early inventions, let us acknowledge their contribution as we, learners of

this generation explored their footsteps and gaining knowledge from them.

This activity will provide us new learning that we can use in the near future as

we enter our field and titled as “Electronics Engineer”. This aim to gain further

knowledge in transmission system as part of our study in ECE 4111 Principles of

communication. We happen to visit AM and FM radio station in nearby places.

DWBC 87.9 FM in Biňan City and AM in Calamba City.

II. OBJECTIVES

a. To formally interact with the professionals operating the transmitter.

b. To gain knowledge regarding different types of transmitter

c. To differentiate different types of transmitter

III. BACKROUND OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

In electronics and telecommunications, a transmitter or radio transmitter is an

electronic device which roduces radio wave with an antenna. The transmitter itself

generates a radio frequency alternating current, which is applied to the antenna.

When excited by this alternating current the antenna radiates radio waves.

Electromagnetic waves are radiated by electric charges undergoing acceleration.

Radio waves electromagnetic waves of radio frequency, are generated by time-

called antenna which are changing their velocity or direction and thus accelerating.

An alternating current flowing back and forth in antenna will create an oscillating

magnetic field around the conductor. The alternating voltage will also charge the

ends of the conductor alternately positive and negative, creating an oscillating

electric field around the conductor. (http://en.m.wikipedia.org)

IV. INFORMATION OF THE VISITED RADIO STATION

a. FM Station:

On the 24th day of October 2018 at exactly 2:30 in the afternoon, we arrived in

DWBC 87.9 FM. The said station is a government own radio station operating

20 hours a day covering the entire Biňan City. With the management of

Presidential Communication Commission of the National Government. They

start to operate on the 15th day of October in the same year carrying their

thoughts of the main role of FM radio is to Inform, to educate and to entertain.

DWBC is a newly open radio station having up to date equipments for a better

transmission and clearer output to the receiver considering the fact that they

are sharing the same bandwidth with the MagikFM station catering national

FM receiver. Its quiet a problem but they overcome it with the use of their

newly acquired systems and trained personnel that we will discuss later in this

report.

b. AM Station

On the 7th day of November 2018, we pull all the way from LSPU-Sta. Cruz

campus to Calamba Riverview and arrived at exactly 1:00 PM. DZJV 1458

AM is a Non-Government radio station catering most area of CALABARZON.

focusing on the Catholic religious customs/traditions. They are using an early

means of transmitting signals specifically the Analog transmitter.

V. QUESTIONS TO BE ASKED

a. What type of transmitter are they using.

b. What are the advantages of Analog Transmitter to Digital Transmitter.

c. What are the advantages of Digital Transmitter to Analog Transmitter.

d. Factors to consider in establishing radio station.

e. Advantages of ground wave antenna.

f. Advantages of space wave antenna.

VI. DISCUSSION

a. Two types of Transmitter.

There are two major types of transmitter. Analog transmitter and Digital

transmitter. Analog transmitter is a field mounted device that senses a

physical parameter such as pressure or temperature and generates

current proportional to the measured variable in the standard range, 4 to

20 mA. (https://www.analog.com). Digital transmitter is small, light, and

extremely powerful. This is ideal for any application. With low power

consumption, low weight, low heat dissipation. (http://www.norsat.com/)

b. Advantages of Analog Transmitter over Digital Transmitter.

convenient. It consume small amount of voltage. And specially, most of the

household still uses analog receiver which I think is the biggest advantage

of Analog transmitter.

c. Advantages of Digital Transmitter over Analog Transmitter.

Digital transmitter can operate in a low power. In physical structure, Digital

transmitter is way more compressed than the Analog transmitter having a

bulk structure. The major advantage of digital transmitter is to produce

clearer audio transmitted to the receiver and less noise.

d. Factors to consider in establishing radio station.

“You have to conduct Feasibility study” quote: _____________________. It

is a must to know further the needs of the people you are catering carrying

the vision of informing and entertaining as well. Second, you have to ask

National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) for your queries

regarding bandwidth placement. “For a Government own radio station,

they’re considering immunity in terms of tax and payments for renewal of

contract since its main service is to inform the community” quote:

____________________. Third, it is a must to pay attention on the nearby

radio station because it may affect the transmission of signal. Another

consideration is the operating power, as it indicates the range of your

transmitted signal. The higher the operating power, the wider the range.

Consider the most common type of receiver that people are using. DWBC

87.9 FM uses Digital transmitter, they are well aware that most of the

community still uses the analog receiver that is why they distributed digital
 receiver to the household. Analog Transmitter is for Analog Receiver and

Digital Transmitter is for Digital Receiver.

e. Advantage of Ground Wave Antenna.

This type of antenna specifically used in AM Transmitter. It usually

connected to the ground. Major advantage of this antenna is that it follows

the curvature of the earth. With the use of a high operating power, it can

cover up wider range. DZJV uses 10KW of power and can constantly cover

up the entire CALABARZON. They are using Radian Ground Wave

Antenna. Characteristic of this particular antenna is that it can transmit

signals Omnidirectional. DZJV also uses special equipment placed on the

top of the antenna to protect from the effect of lightning. Ground wave

antenna well perform in a wet surface of soil that is why it usually locate in

the swamp area where the soil is usually wet. Our team ask DZJV: “what is

the temperature rises and the soil get drier, what is your solution to that ?”

and they answered: “We pour the surrounding of the antenna with water”

and they added “the reason why it performs well in the wet surface is that

the angular placement of the wave gets wider in the wet surface that can

result to a further range of their transmission and gets tighter in dry surface

that resulted to a distorted transmission”. One of the disadvantages of this

Antenna is that it happens to block the signal when it passes to a rocky

places.

f. Advantages of Space wave Antenna.

This type of antenna specifically used in FM Transmitter. It usually placed

in a high places following its principle that it only transmit signals in the line

of sight. It is more convenient if you place this type of antenna in top of the
 buildings or mountains to cover a wider range but still with respect to the

operating power which declare the range of your transmission. In DWBC

87.9 FM, they are using Loop space wave omnidirectional antenna. In

appearance, it looks like a big ring. Characteristic of this antenna is to throw

signals in any direction possible. Major disadvantage of this Antenna is that

it can’t pass and transmit signals if blocked particularly by mountains since

its principle is to transmit in line of sight.

VII. PHOTO NARRATION

VIII. REFERENCES

http://en.m.wikipedia.org

http://www.analog.com

http://www.norsat.com/

IX. ACKNOWLEDMENT

At this juncture, we would like to acknowledge our instructor, Eng’r. Jonnel K.

Pabico, PECE for the time devoted to teach us and to cater our queries for

this project. To the radio station we have visited, DWBC 87.9 FM Biňan, City

naming Hon.Arman Dimaguila, City Mayor as well as Mr. Ricky Medina,

Production Manager and Mr. Christopher Alva, Station manager. To DZJV

1458 AM. (Jesus Victory) _________________. Thank you for the warm

response to our message and for allowing our team to conduct our station

visit. Thank you for the experience. And to Lord God who guide us the entire

day of Visitation. To God be all the glory.