MODEL ANALYSIS

Dr. Shahista Parveen

Model analysis is the study of dental casts,
which helps
 To study the occlusion & dentition from all
three dimensions
 To analyze the degree & severity of
malocclusion
To derive the diagnosis & plan for treatment.
 Objectives of Ideal
Orthodontic Study Models
 Accurately
reproduce the
teeth and their
surrounding soft
tissues

Ideal
Symmetrical
a glassy orthodontic and pleasing
finish study to the eye
models

A clean, smooth,
bubble free
surfaces with
sharp angles
Parts of the Study Models

ARTISTIC PORTION

ANATOMIC PORTION

ARTISTIC PORTION
 Anatomic portion.

o Anatomic portion is that part of the

study model which is the actual
impression of the dental arch and its
surrounding structures.
o Usually made of stone plaster.
o Must be preserved while trimming the
model.
 Artistic portion.
o The artistic portion of study model is
a plaster base that supports the
anatomic portion.
o Helps in depicting the actual
orientation and the occlusion of study
models.
o Gives a pleasing and symmetrical
appearance to the models.
In a well fabricated set of study
models the ratio of the anatomic
portion to artistic portion should be
3:1.
 USES OF STUDY MODELS

Assist & record dental anatomy

Assist & record intercuspation

Assist & record arch form

Assess & record curves of occlusion

Evaluate occlusion with the aid of articulators

Measure progress during treatment

Detect abnormalities

eg- localized enlargement, distortion of arch form

Provide records for the purpose of studying treatment

procedures & stability

Calculate total space analyses

 Some model analyses are
PERMANENT DENTITION MIXED DENTITION
ANALYSIS ANALYSIS

 Pont’s analysis Moyer’s mixed

 Linder Harth index dentition analysis
 Korkhaus analysis
 Ashley Howe’s analysis Tanaka & johnston
 Wayne A. Bolton analysis analysis
 Carey’s analysis Radiographic Method
 Arch perimeter analysis
PERMANENT DENTITION ANALYSIS
 PONT’S ANALYSIS

In 1909 pont presented a method whereby the mere measurement of

four maxillary incisors automatically established the width of the arch

in the premolar & molar region

 Procedure

The greatest width of

incisors is measured with
calipers recorded on a
line, & their sums when
recorded in millimeters
this is termed as
“sum of incisors” (SI)
The distance between the upper right first premolar &
upper left first premolar (that is the distal end of the
occlusal grove) is recorded & called as “measured
premolar value” (MPV)
The distance between the upper right first molar &
upper left first molar (that is the mesial pit on the
occlusal surface in maxillary arch ) is recorded & is
termed as “measured molar value” (MMV)
Calculated premolar value (CPV)
The expected arch width in the premolar region is calculated by
formula:-
SI X 100
80
Calculated molar value (MV)
the expected arch width in the molar region:-
SI X 100
64
 Inferences
Difference between the measured & calculated values determines the
needs for expansion

1) if measured value is less, expansion is required

2) if measured value is more, no need for expansion

 DRAWBACKS
Maxillary incisors are the teeth most commonly missing

Maxillary laterals may undergo morphogenetic alterations

like ‘peg’ shaped laterals

Does not take skeletal malrelationship into consideration

Analysis is derived solely from the French population

It is v. difficult to achieve corresponding mandibular

dimensions that are necessary to maintain a balanced
occlusal relationship
 LINDER HARTH INDEX
It is v. similar to Pont’s analysis however he made a variation in
the formula to determine the calculated premolar & molar value

Calculated premolar value:- SI X 100

85

Calculated molar value:- SI X 100

64
 ASHLEY HOWE’S ANALYSIS
Howe’s considered tooth crowding to be due to deficiency
in arch width rather than arch length

He found a relationship to exist between the total width of

mesiodistal diameter of teeth anterior to the second
permanent molar & the width of the dental arch in the first
premolar region
 PROCEDURE
TTM:- Total Tooth Material

Refers to sum of the

mesiodistal width of
the teeth from first
molar to first molar
 BAL:- Basal Arch Length
It is the perpendicular distance
from the tangent drawn on the
distal aspect of the first
permanent molar to the
anterior limit of the arch
 PMD:- Premolar Diameter

arch width measured

from the buccal cusp
tips of the first premolar
on one side to the
buccal cusp tip on other
side
 PMBAW:-Premolar basal ach Width
measured from canine fossa of one side to the

canine fossa on other side

percentage of PMD to TTM
PMD X 100
TTM

percentage of PMBAW to TTM

PMBAW X 100
TTM
 INFERENCES
If PMBAW > PMD :-
indication that basal arch is sufficient to allow
expansion of premolars

If PMD > PMBAW :-

can be three possibilities
1) contraindicated for expansion
2) move teeth distally
3) extract some teeth
If PMBAW X100 / TTM
a) less than 37% require extraction
b) if 44% an ideal case extraction not
require
c) if between 37-44% (border line case)
may or may not require extraction
WAYNE A. BOLTON ANALYSIS
 Bolton pointed out that the extraction of one tooth or several
teeth should be done according to the ratio of tooth material
between the maxillary & mandibular arch to get ideal
interdigitation, overjet, overbite & alignment of teeth to attain an
optimum interarch relationship

 Bolton’s analysis helps to determine the disproportion

between the size of maxillary & mandibular teeth
 PROCEDURE
the sum of mesiodistal diameter
of the 12 maxillary teeth & the
sum of the mesiodistal diameter
of the 12 mandibular teeth are
determined
In same manner the
sum of 6 maxillary
anterior teeth &
the sum of 6
mandibular teeth is
determined.
OVERALL RATIO:-
sum of mesiodistal width of mandibular 12 teeth X 100
sum of mesiodistal width of maxillary 12 teeth
MEAN = 91.3%

ANTERIOR RATIO:-
sum of mesiodistal width of mandibular 6 teeth X 100
sum of mesiodistal width of maxillary 6 teeth
MEAN = 77.2%
 INFERENCES:-
If the ratio is more than mean value, then the mandibular
tooth material is excessive
If the ratio is less than mean value, then the maxillary
tooth material is excessive

Bolton prefers to do proximal stripping on the upper arch if the

upper anterior tooth material is in excess & extraction of lower
incisor, if necessary, to reduce tooth material in the lower arch
 DRAWBACK’S
study was done on a specific population & ratio obtained
need not be applicable to other population group

the analysis doesn’t take into account the sexual

dimorphism in the maxillary canine width
 CAREY’S ANALYSIS
the arch-length-tooth material discrepancy is the main cause for
most malocclusion & can be calculated with the help of carey’s
analysis

PROCEDURE:-
the arch length is measured anterior to the first permanent molar
using a soft brass wire
the wire is placed touching the mesial aspect of lower first
permanent molar, then passed along the buccal cusps of
premolars, incisal edges of the anteriors & finally continued the
some way upto mesial of the first molar of the contra lateral
side
the brass wire should be passed along the cingulum of
anterior teeth if anteriors are proclined &
along the labial surface if anteriors are retroclined

The mesiodistal width of teeth anterior to first molar

are measured & summed up as total tooth material

The difference between the arch length & the actual

measured tooth material gives the discrepancy
 INTERPRETATION
If the arch length discrepancy is:-

a) 0-2.5mm:- proximal stripping can be carried out to

reduce the total tooth material

b) 2.5-5mm:- extraction of second premolar is indicated

c) Greater than 5mm:- extraction of first premolar is

usually required
ARCH PERIMETER ANALYSIS
Same as Carey’s analysis when carried out in the upper
arch
MIXED DENTITION ANALYSIS
The purpose of mixed dentition analysis is to evaluate the
amount of space available in the arch for succeeding
permanent teeth & necessary occlusal adjustment
2 methods have been suggested:-
Those in which the sizes of unerupted cuspids & premolars are
estimated from measurements of the radiographic image &
those in which the sizes of the cuspids & premolar are derived from
knowledge of the sizes of permanent teeth already erupted in the
mouth
 MOYER’S MIXED
DENTITION ANALYSIS
According to Moyer a high correlation exists
among the sizes of different groups of teeth in an
individual thus by measuring one group of teeth,
it is possible to make a prediction of the other
group of teeth
 PROCEDURE
 measure the mesiodistal width of mandibular incisor

 measure the space left from the distal aspect of lateral

incisor to mesial aspect of first permanent molar

 by using Moyer’s chart, find out the mesiodistal width

of cuspids & bicuspids for the given sum of mesiodistal
width of sum of incisor

 compare the space available & space required to

determine the arch length discrepancy
 TANAKA & JOHNSTON ANALYSIS
Tanaka & Johnston did a study to repeat Moyer’s
observation to validate its equation on a new sample

The possibility of secular changes with in the past 20 yrs

was to be examined & they found Moyer’s prediction
table to be equally appropriate for contemporary
population
 they have simplified Moyer’s 75% level of prediction table into a
formula

Predicted width of maxillary canine & premolar

= sum of mandibular incisor +11
2

Predicted width of mandibular canine & premolar

= sum of mandibular incisor + 10.5
2
 RADIOGRAPHIC METHOD:-

If most of the canines & premolars have erupted & if

one or two succedaneous teeth are still unerupted, an
alternative prediction method can be used to estimate
the mesiodistal width of the unerupted permanent
tooth
 PROCEDURE

 the width of an unerupted teeth & an erupted tooth is

measured on the same periapical film

 the width of erupted tooth is measured on the plaster

cast

 These three measurements comprise the elements of

a proportion that can be solved to obtain the width of
unerupted tooth on the cast
unerupted tooth width erupted tooth width(cast)
unerupted tooth width(in x-ray) erupted tooth width(x ray)

unerupted tooth width= ETW(cast) X TW(x-ray)

ETW (x-ray)