Scribd
Upload
778 views9 pages

Internal Standard Standard Addition

Internal standard is a known compound added to samples that is used to quantify an analyte. The signal from the analyte is compared to the signal from the internal standard. This allows the determination of a response factor used to calculate the concentration of an analyte in an unknown sample based on its peak area and the peak area and known concentration of the internal standard. Standard addition involves adding known concentrations of an analyte to a sample to determine the original unknown concentration based on the proportional change in signal. Calibration curves relate the signal or response from standards of known concentration to quantify the concentration of an analyte in an unknown sample.

Uploaded by

Moh Hari Rusli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
778 views9 pages

Internal Standard Standard Addition

Internal standard is a known compound added to samples that is used to quantify an analyte. The signal from the analyte is compared to the signal from the internal standard. This allows the determination of a response factor used to calculate the concentration of an analyte in an unknown sample based on its peak area and the peak area and known concentration of the internal standard. Standard addition involves adding known concentrations of an analyte to a sample to determine the original unknown concentration based on the proportional change in signal. Calibration curves relate the signal or response from standards of known concentration to quantify the concentration of an analyte in an unknown sample.

Uploaded by

Moh Hari Rusli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Internal Standard

• Internal standard is a known amount of compound, different from the


analyte, that is added to an unknown sample.
• Signal from analyte is compared with signal from standard to quantify
analyte.
X Response Factor (F)

A: peak area C: concentration

• Internal standard (As, Cs)


Step 1: determine F
• analyte with known concentration (Ax, Cx)

Step 2: determine the same analyte with unknown concentration


Practice
• In a chromatographic equipment, a solution containing 0.0837M X
and 0.0666M S give peak area of Ax= 423 and As= 347.
To analyze an unknown sample, 10.0mL of 0.146M S was added to
10.0mL of X, and the mixture was diluted to 25.0mL. This mixture
gave a chromatography spectrum with area Ax= 553 and As= 582.
Find Cx.
• Step 1: determine F

F = 0.970
• Step 2: determine Cx after dilution

Cx = 0.0572M

• Step 3: determine Cx in unknown sample


Standard Addition (Spiking)

• A known analyte with concentration gradient is added to the sample.


• Signal of this known analyte is measured to help us determine the
concentration in the original sample.
• Key assumption: signal is proportional to the concentration of analyte.
Xi: unknown initial concentration of analyte (before adding standard) Ix
Xf: unknown concentration of analyte (after adding standard)
Sf: known concentration of standard (after adding standard)
Ix+s

Dilution:

V0: initial volume of unknown sample


Vs: volume of standard added
Practice
• Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in a 50.0mL sample of orange juice was
analyzed by an electrochemical to get a detecting current of 1.78μA.
A standard addition of 0.400mL of 0.279M ascorbic acid increased the
current to 3.35μA. Find the concentration of ascorbic acid in the juice.
• More accurate: more standards added to sample Calibration Curve

Rearrange

Multiply by
Y

Y-axis X-axis
original concentration of analyte

0 X

You might also like