P PROBLEM 2.

19
A Both portions of the rod ABC are made of an aluminum for which E 70 GPa.
Knowing that the magnitude of P is 4 kN, determine (a) the value of Q so that
the deflection at A is zero, (b) the corresponding deflection of B.
0.4 m 20-mm diameter

Q
0.5 m
60-mm diameter

SOLUTION

2
(a) AAB d AB (0.020) 2 314.16 10 6 m 2
4 4
2
ABC d BC (0.060)2 2.8274 10 3 m 2
4 4
Force in member AB is P tension.
Elongation:
PLAB (4 103 )(0.4)
AB 72.756 10 6 m
EAAB (70 109 )(314.16 10 6 )

Force in member BC is Q P compression.

Shortening:
(Q P) LBC (Q P)(0.5)
BC 2.5263 10 9(Q P)
EABC (70 109 )(2.8274 10 3 )
For zero deflection at A, BC AB

2.5263 10 9(Q P ) 72.756 10 6

Q P 28.8 103 N

Q 28.3 103 4 103 32.8 103 N Q 32.8 kN

(b) AB BC B 72.756 10 6 m AB 0.0728 mm

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111
 PROBLEM 2.25
D

225 mm Link BD is made of brass ( E 105 GPa) and has a cross-sectional area of
240 mm2. Link CE is made of aluminum ( E 72 GPa) and has a cross-
C sectional area of 300 mm2. Knowing that they support rigid member ABC,
A B determine the maximum force P that can be applied vertically at point A if
150 mm the deflection of A is not to exceed 0.35 mm.
P
E

225 mm
125 mm

SOLUTION

Free body member AC:

MC 0: 0.350 P 0.225FBD 0
FBD 1.55556 P
MB 0: 0.125P 0.225 FCE 0
FCE 0.55556 P

FBD LBD (1.55556 P)(0.225)

B BD 13.8889 10 9 P
EBD ABD (105 109 )(240 10 6 )
FCE LCE (0.55556 P)(0.150)
C CE 3.8581 10 9 P
ECE ACE (72 109 )(300 10 6 )

Deformation Diagram:
From the deformation diagram,
17.7470 10 9 P
Slope: B C
78.876 10 9 P
LBC 0.225
A B LAB
13.8889 10 9 P (0.125)(78.876 10 9 P)
23.748 10 9 P
Apply displacement limit. A 0.35 10 3 m 23.748 10 9P

P 14.7381 103 N P 14.74 kN

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117
 A D
PROBLEM 2.27
P = 1 kip
Each of the links AB and CD is made of aluminum ( E 10.9 106 psi)
18 in.
and has a cross-sectional area of 0.2 in2. Knowing that they support the
E rigid member BC, determine the deflection of point E.
B C
22 in.
10 in.

SOLUTION

Free body BC:

MC 0: (32) FAB (22) (1 103 ) 0

FAB 687.5 lb

Fy 0: 687.5 1 103 FCD 0

FCD 312.5 lb

FAB LAB (687.5)(18)

AB 5.6766 10 3 in. B
EA (10.9 106 )(0.2)
FCD LCD (312.5)(18)
CD 2.5803 10 3 in. C
EA (10.9 106 )(0.2)

Deformation diagram:

3
B C 3.0963 10
Slope
LBC 32
96.759 10 6 rad
E C LEC
3
2.5803 10 (22)(96.759 10 6 )
4.7090 10 3 in.

E 4.71 10 3 in.

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119
 PROBLEM 2.28
D
3
The length of the 32 -in.-diameter steel wire CD has been adjusted so that
12.5 in. with no load applied, a gap of 161 in. exists between the end B of the rigid
x beam ACB and a contact point E. Knowing that E 29 106 psi,
C
determine where a 50-lb block should be placed on the beam in order to
50 lb B
A cause contact between B and E.
E
1
16 in.
16 in.
4 in.

SOLUTION

Rigid beam ACB rotates through angle to close gap.

1/16
3.125 10 3 rad
20
Point C moves downward.

C 4 4(3.125 10 3 ) 12.5 10 3 in.

CD C 12.5 10 3 in.
2
2 3
ACD d 6.9029 10 3 in 2
d 4 32
FCD LCD
CD
EACD

EACD CD (29 106 )(6.9029 10 3 )(12.5 10 3 )

FCD
LCD 12.5
200.18 lb
Free body ACB:

MA 0: 4 FCD (50)(20 x) 0
(4)(200.18)
20 x 16.0144
50
x 3.9856 in.
For contact, x 3.99 in.

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120
0.02 in. PROBLEM 2.58
14 in. 18 in.

Knowing that a 0.02-in. gap exists when the temperature is 75 F,

determine (a) the temperature at which the normal stress in the
aluminum bar will be equal to 11 ksi, (b) the corresponding exact
Bronze Aluminum length of the aluminum bar.
A ! 2.4 in2 A ! 2.8 in2
E ! 15 " 106 psi E ! 10.6 " 106 psi
$ ! 12 " 10 –6/#F $ ! 12.9 " 10 –6/#F

SOLUTION

a 11 ksi 11 103 psi

P a Aa (11 103 )(2.8) 30.8 103 lb
Shortening due to P:

PLb PLa
P
Eb Ab Ea Aa
(30.8 103 )(14) (30.8 103 )(18)
(15 106 )(2.4) (10.6 106 )(2.8)
30.657 10 3 in.
Available elongation for thermal expansion:
3
T 0.02 30.657 10 50.657 10 3 in.
But T Lb b( T ) La a( T)

(14)(12 10 6 )( T ) (18)(12.9 10 6 )( T ) (400.2 10 6 ) T

Equating, (400.2 10 6 ) T 50.657 10 3
T 126.6 F
(a) Thot Tcold T 75 126.6 201.6 F Thot 201.6 F
PLa
(b) a La a( T)
Ea Aa

(30.8 103 )(18)

(18)(12.9 10 6 )(26.6) 10.712 10 3 in.
(10.6 106 )(2.8)
3
Lexact 18 10.712 10 18.0107 in. L 18.0107 in.

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159
0.02 in. PROBLEM 2.59
14 in. 18 in.

Determine (a) the compressive force in the bars shown after a

temperature rise of 180 F, (b) the corresponding change in length of
the bronze bar.
Bronze Aluminum
A ! 2.4 in2 A ! 2.8 in2
E ! 15 " 106 psi E ! 10.6 " 106 psi
$ ! 12 " 10 –6/#F $ ! 12.9 " 10 –6/#F

SOLUTION

Thermal expansion if free of constraint:

T Lb b( T ) La a( T)
(14)(12 10 )(180) (18)(12.9 10 6 )(180)
6

72.036 10 3 in.
Constrained expansion: 0.02 in.
Shortening due to induced compressive force P:

3
P 72.036 10 0.02 52.036 10 3 in.

PLb PLa Lb La
But P P
Eb Ab Ea Aa Eb Ab Ea Aa

14 18
P 995.36 10 9 P
(15 106 )(2.4) (10.6 106 )(2.8)

Equating, 995.36 10 9 P 52.036 10 3

P 52.279 103 lb

(a) P 52.3 kips

PLb
(b) b Lb b( T)
Eb Ab

(52.279 103 )(14)

(14)(12 10 6 )(180) 9.91 10 3 in. b 9.91 10 3 in.
(15 106 )(2.4)

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160
 0.5 mm PROBLEM 2.60

300 mm 250 mm At room temperature (20 C) a 0.5-mm gap exists between the ends of
the rods shown. At a later time when the temperature has reached
A
140 C, determine (a) the normal stress in the aluminum rod, (b) the
B
change in length of the aluminum rod.

Aluminum Stainless steel

A 5 2000 mm2 A 5 800 mm2
E 5 75 GPa E 5 190 GPa
a 5 23 3 10–6/8C a 5 17.3 3 10–6/8C

SOLUTION

T 140 20 120 C
Free thermal expansion:

T La a( T ) Ls s( T)
(0.300)(23 10 )(120) (0.250)(17.3 10 6 )(120)
6

1.347 10 3 m
Shortening due to P to meet constraint:
3 3
P 1.347 10 0.5 10 0.847 10 3 m

PLa PLs La Ls
P P
Ea Aa Es As Ea Aa Es As
0.300 0.250
P
(75 10 )(2000 10 6 )
9
(190 109 )(800 10 6 )
3.6447 10 9 P
Equating, 3.6447 10 9 P 0.847 10 3

P 232.39 103 N

P 232.39 103
(a) a 116.2 106 Pa a 116.2 MPa
Aa 2000 10 6

PLa
(b) a La a( T)
Ea Aa

(232.39 103 )(0.300)

(0.300)(23 10 6 )(120) 363 10 6 m a 0.363 mm
(75 109 )(2000 10 6 )

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161
 PROBLEM 2.109
D E

Each cable has a cross-sectional area of 100 mm2 and is made of an

elastoplastic material for which Y 345 MPa and E 200 GPa. A force
2m
Q is applied at C to the rigid bar ABC and is gradually increased from 0 to
50 kN and then reduced to zero. Knowing that the cables were initially taut,
determine (a) the maximum stress that occurs in cable BD, (b) the
maximum deflection of point C, (c) the final displacement of point C.
B C
A
(Hint: In part c, cable CE is not taut.)

Q
1m 1m

SOLUTION

Elongation constraints for taut cables.

Let rotation angle of rigid bar ABC.

BD CE
LAB LAC
LAB 1
BD CE CE (1)
LAC 2
Equilibrium of bar ABC.

MA 0 : LAB FBD LAC FCE LAC Q 0

LAB 1
Q FCE FBD FCE FBD (2)
LAC 2

Assume cable CE is yielded. FCE A Y (100 10 6 )(345 106 ) 34.5 103 N

From (2), FBD 2(Q FCE ) (2)(50 103 34.5 103 ) 31.0 103 N

Since FBD < A Y 34.5 103 N, cable BD is elastic when Q 50 kN.

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214
 PROBLEM 2.109 (Continued)

(a) Maximum stresses. CE Y 345 MPa

FBD 31.0 103

BD 310 106 Pa BD 310 MPa
A 100 10 6
(b) Maximum of deflection of point C.
FBD LBD (31.0 103 )(2)
BD 3.1 10 3 m
EA (200 109 )(100 10 6 )

From (1), C CE 2 BD 6.2 10 3 m 6.20 mm

Y LCE
Permanent elongation of cable CE: ( CE ) p ( CE )
E
Y LCE
( CE ) P ( CE ) max
E
3 (345 106 )(2)
6.20 10 2.75 10 3 m
200 109
(c) Unloading. Cable CE is slack ( FCE 0) at Q 0.

From (2), FBD 2(Q FCE ) 2(0 0) 0

FBD LBD
Since cable BD remained elastic, BD 0. 0
EA

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215
 PROBLEM 3.41

Two shafts, each of 78 -in. diameter, are

connected by the gears shown. Knowing that
G 11.2 106 psi and that the shaft at F is
fixed, determine the angle through which end
A rotates when a 1.2-kip in. torque is applied
at A.

SOLUTION
Calculation of torques.
TAB TEF rE
Circumferential contact force between gears B and E: F TEF TAB
rB rE rB
TAB 1.2 kip in. 1200 lb in.
6
TEF (1200) 1600 lb in.
4.5
Twist in shaft FE.
1 7
L 12 in., c d in., G 11.2 106 psi
2 16
4
4 7
J c 57.548 10 3 in 4
2 2 16
TL (1600)(12)
E/F 29.789 10 3 rad
GJ (11.2 106 )(57.548 10 3 )

Rotation at E. E E/ F 29.789 10 3 rad

Tangential displacement at gear circle: rE E rB B

rE 6
Rotation at B. B E (29.789 10 3 ) 39.718 10 3 rad
rB 4.5

Twist in shaft BA. L 8 6 14 in. J 57.548 10 3 in 4

TL (1200)(14)
A/B 26.065 10 3 rad
GJ (11.2 106 )(57.548 10 3 )

Rotation at A. A B A /B 65.783 10 3 rad A 3.77

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301
 PROBLEM 3.49

The electric motor exerts a

torque of 800 N m on the
steel shaft ABCD when it is
rotating at constant speed.
Design specifications require
that the diameter of the shaft
be uniform from A to D and
that the angle of twist between
A to D not exceed 1.5°.
Knowing that max 60 MPa
and G 77.2 GPa, determine
the minimum diameter shaft
that can be used.

SOLUTION
Torques:
TAB 300 500 800 N m
TBC 500 N m, TCD 0

Design based on stress. 60 106 Pa

Tc 2T 2T (2)(800)
c3 8.488 10 6 m3
J c3 (60 106 )
c 20.40 10 3 m 20.40 mm, d 2c 40.8 mm

Design based on deformation. D/ A 1.5 26.18 10 3 rad

D/ C 0
TBC LBC (500)(0.6) 300
C/B
GJ GJ GJ
TAB LAB (800)(0.4) 320
B/ A
GJ GJ GJ
620 620 (2)(620)
D/ A D /C C/ B B/ A
GJ G 2 c4 Gc 4
(2)(620) (2)(620)
c4 195.292 10 9 m 4
G D/ A (77.2 109 )(26.18 10 3 )
c 21.022 10 3 m 21.022 mm, d 2c 42.0 mm
Design must use larger value of d. d 42.0 mm

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309
 24 kN/m PROBLEM 5.24
64 kN ? m
C D Draw the shear and bending-moment diagrams for the beam
A B
and loading shown and determine the maximum normal stress
S250 ! 52 due to bending.
2m 2m 2m

Reactions:
SOLUTION
MD 0: 4 A 64 (24)(2)(1) 0 A 28 kN

Fy 0: 28 D (24)(2) 0 D 76 kN

A to C: 0 x 2m
Fy 0: V 28 0
V 28 kN
MJ 0: M 28 x 0
M ( 28 x) kN m
C to D: 2m x 4m
Fy 0: V 28 0
V 28 kN
MJ 0: M 28 x 64 0
M ( 28 x 64) kN m
D to B: 4m x 6m
Fy 0:
V 24(6 x) 0
V ( 24 x 144) kN
MJ 0:
6 x
M 24(6 x) 0
2
M 12(6 x)2 kN m

max M 56 kN m 56 103 N m

For S250 52 section, S 482 103 mm3

M 56 103 N m
Normal stress: 116.2 106 Pa
S 482 10 6 m 3
116.2 MPa

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709
 PROBLEM 7.54

Determine the principal planes and the principal

stresses for the state of plane stress resulting
from the superposition of the two states of stress
shown.

SOLUTION

Consider state of stress on the right. We shall express it in terms of horizontal and vertical components.

We now can add the two stress elements by superposition.

Principal planes and principal stresses:

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1085
 PROBLEM 7.54 (Continued)

1
ave (6 2) 2
2
x y 1
(6 2) 4
2 2
R (4)2 (3)2 5
3
tan 2 p
4
2 p 36.87

p 18.4 ,108.4

max ave R 2 5

max 7.00 ksi

min ave R 2 5

min 3.00 ksi

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1086
 A PROBLEM 8.36
60 mm
9 kN Member AB has a uniform rectangular cross section of 10 24 mm. For the
loading shown, determine the normal and shearing stress at (a) point H,
G
(b) point K.
60 mm
30! H K
12 mm

12 mm
B
40 mm

SOLUTION

MB 0: (9)(60sin 30 ) 120 RA 0
RA 2.25 kN
Fx 0: 2.25cos 30 Bx 0
Bx 1.9486 kN
Fy 0: 2.25sin 30 9 By 0
By 7.875 kN

At the section containing points H and K,

P 7.875cos 30 1.9486sin 30 7.794 kN
V 7.875sin 30 1.9486 cos 30 2.25 kN
M (7.875 103 )(40 10 3 sin 30 )
(1.9486 103 )(40 10 3 cos 30 )
90 N m
A 10 24 240 mm 2 240 10 6 m 2
1
I (10)(24)3 11.52 103 mm 4 11.52 10 9 m 4
12

P 7.794 103
(a) At point H, x x 32.5 MPa
A 240 10 6

3V 3 2.25 103
xy xy 14.06 MPa
2A 2 240 10 6

P Mc 7.794 103 (90)(12 10 3 )

(b) At point K, x
A I 240 10 6 11.52 10 9

x 126.2 MPa

xy 0

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1289
 y PROBLEM 8.38

45 mm Two forces are applied to the pipe AB as shown. Knowing that

the pipe has inner and outer diameters equal to 35 and 42 mm,
45 mm
A respectively, determine the normal and shearing stresses at
1500 N (a) point a, (b) point b.

1200 N

a b
75 mm
B

z
20 mm

SOLUTION
do di
co 21 mm, ci 17.5 mm A co2 ci2 423.33 mm 2
2 2
1
J co4 ci4 158.166 103 mm 4 I J 79.083 103 mm 4
2 2
For semicircle with semicircular cutout,
2 3
Q co ci3 2.6011 103 mm3
3
At the section containing points a and b,
P 1500 N Vz 1200 N Vx 0
Mz (45 10 3 )(1500) 67.5 N m
Mx (75 10 3 )(1200) 90 N m
3
T (90 10 )(1200) 108 N m
P M xc 1500 ( 90)(21 10 3 )
(a) 6
20.4 MPa
A I 423.33 10 79.083 10 9
Tc VxQ (108)(21 10 3 )
0 14.34 MPa
J It 158.166 10 9
P M zc 1500 ( 67.5)(21 10 3 )
(b) 6
21.5 MPa
A I 423.33 10 79.083 10 9
Tc Vz Q (108)(21 10 3 ) (1200)(2.6011 10 6 )
19.98 MPa
J It 158.166 10 9 (79.083 10 9 )(7 10 3 )

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1291
 y PROBLEM 8.50

Solve Prob. 8.49, assuming that the magnitude of the 6000-lb

B force is reduced to 1500 lb.

PROBLEM 8.49 Two forces are applied to the small post BD

6000 lb as shown. Knowing that the vertical portion of the post has a
cross section of 1.5 2.4 in., determine the principal stresses,
500 lb principal planes, and maximum shearing stress at point H.
1.5 in.
2.4 in.
4 in.
H 6 in.

1 in. D

z
3.25 in.
x

1.75 in.

SOLUTION

Components of 500-lb force:

(500)(1.75)
Fx 140 lb
6.25
(500)(6)
Fy 480 lb
6.25
Moment arm of 500-lb force:
r 3.25i (6 1) j

i j k
M 3.25 5 0 2260k lb in.
140 480 0

At the section containing point H, P 480 lb Vx 140 lb

Vz 1500 lb, Mz 2260 lb in., Mx (4)(1500) 6000 lb in.
1
A (1.5)(2.4) 3.6 in 2 Iz (2.4)(1.5)3 0.675 in 4
12
P M zx 480 ( 2260)(0.75)
H 2644 psi
A Iz 3.6 0.675
3 Vz 3 1500
H 625 psi
2 A 2 3.6

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1310
 PROBLEM 8.50 (Continued)

Use Mohr’s circle.

1
ave H 1322 psi
2
2
2644
R (625)2 1462.30 psi
2

a ave R a 140.3 psi

b ave R b 2780 psi

2 H (2)(625)
tan 2 p 0.4728
H 2644

a 12.6 b 102.6

max R max 1462 psi

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1311
 w0 PROBLEM 9.21

B For the beam and loading shown, determine the reaction at

A
the roller support.
L

[x 0, y 0] [x L, y 0]
dy
x 0, 0
dx

SOLUTION

Reactions are statically indeterminate.

Boundary conditions are shown above.
Using free body JB,
1 2
MJ 0: M RB ( L x) w0 ( L x) ( L x)
2 3
1 w0 x 1
(L x) ( L x) 0
2 L 3
w0
M RB ( L x) [2 L( L x) 2 x( L x)2 ]
6L
w0
RB ( L x) [2 L3 4L2 x 2 Lx 2 xL2 2Lx 2 x3 ]
6L
w0 3
RB ( L x) (x 3L2 x 2 L3 )
6L

d2y w0 3
EI RB ( L x) (x 3L2 x 2L3 )
dx 2 6L
dy 1 2 w0 1 4 3 2 2
EI RB Lx x x Lx 2 L3 x C1
dx 2 6L 4 2
1 2 1 3 w0 1 5 1 2 3
EIy RB Lx x x Lx L3 x 2 C1x C2
2 6 6 L 20 2
[x 0, y 0] C2 0
dy
x 0, 0 C1 0
dx

1 1 w0 L4 1 1
[x L, y 0] 0 RB L3 1
2 6 6 20 2

1 1 11 11
RB w0 L RB w0 L
3 6 20 40

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1403
 P PROBLEM 10.22

D A 1-in.-square aluminum strut is maintained in the position shown by a pin

LCD support at A and by sets of rollers at B and C that prevent rotation of the strut in
the plane of the figure. Knowing that LAB 3 ft, determine (a) the largest
C
values of LBC and LCD that can be used if the allowable load P is to be as large
as possible, (b) the magnitude of the corresponding allowable load. Consider
LBC only buckling in the plane of the figure and use E 10.4 106 psi.

LAB

SOLUTION

1 3 1
I bh (1)(1)3 0.083333 in 4
12 12
(a) Equivalent lengths:
AB: Le 0.7 LAB 2.1 ft 25.2 in.

BC: Le 0.5 LBC

2.1
LBC LBC 4.20 ft
0.5
CD: Le 2 LCD

2.1
LCD LCD 1.050 ft
2
2 2
Pcr EI (10.4 106 )(0.083333)
(b) Pall
F .S . ( F .S .) L2e (3.2)(25.2)2
4.21 103 lb
Pall 4.21 kips

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on a website, in whole or part.

1648
 P PROBLEM 10.23

D A 1-in.-square aluminum strut is maintained in the position shown by a pin support at A

LCD and by sets of rollers at B and C that prevent rotation of the strut in the plane of the
figure. Knowing that LAB 3 ft, LBC 4 ft, and LCD 1 ft, determine the allowable
C
load P using a factor of safety with respect to buckling of 3.2. Consider only buckling
in the plane of the figure and use E 10.4 106 psi.
LBC

LAB

SOLUTION

1 3 1
I bh (1)(1)3 0.083333 in 4
12 12
2
EI
Pcr
L2e
2
( Pcr )min EI
Pall
F .S . ( F .S .)( Le )2max

Portion AB: Le 0.7 LAB (0.7)(3) 2.1 ft

Portion BC: Le 0.5LBC (0.5)(4) 2.0 ft
Portion CD: Le 2 Le (2)(1) 2.0 ft
( Le ) max 2.1 ft 25.2 in.
2
(10.4 106 )(0.083333)
Pall 4.21 103 lb Pall 4.21 kips
(3.2)(25.22 )

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